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1.
以某污染厂区为研究对象,通过野外调查并结合已有资料,利用GMS软件建立研究区域地下水流场模型和溶质运移模型,并且详细分析了地下水污染规律.研究结果表明:降雨入渗扩散方式下,污染物在地下水中的迁移速率与污染物的浓度及地下水介质密切相关.在潜水含水层中,污染物主要以垂向运移为主,并且受污染源强影响较大,污染物浓度越高,其垂...  相似文献   

2.
`土壤-地下水耦合数值模拟是定量刻画水流和溶质运移的主要手段。现有大范围场地尺度的研究受到数据采集难度及模拟计算量的限制,多是将土壤和地下水分成两个系统,这种方式不利于模型之间的计算反馈,易出现计算误差,因此将土壤和地下水作为整体系统研究具有重要意义。为精确刻画实际场地土壤-地下水系统中污染物迁移规律,揭示变饱和反应溶质迁移模型的参数敏感性,以某铬污染场地为研究对象,基于现场试验及前人研究所获数据,采用Galerkin有限元法建立三维土壤-地下水模型,定量描述六价铬在土壤-地下水中的迁移规律。在此基础上,通过改变补给条件,研究潜水面在土壤-地下水系统中的波动。并讨论阻滞系数和反应常数对溶质运移的影响。结果表明:在土壤中,污染物最大水平迁移距离为场地东南侧300 m;地下水中污染晕最大分布面积约为1.632 km2;垂向上土壤中的六价铬仅需15.6 h即可下渗至潜水面,第6天贯穿含水层。当潜水面随着补给量变化而波动时,地下水中六价铬会随水流进入土壤,影响土壤中污染分布。对溶质运移参数的讨论显示,当反应常数由0增大至10?6 s-1时,迁移出场区边界时地下水中污染物浓度约减少2000 mg/L,较难迁移至涟水河。基于FEFLOW的数值模型,能够解决各系统之间交互性差的问题,提供较为精确的模拟结果。  相似文献   

3.
针对确定性模型难以描述含水层非均质空间分布的问题,提出基于随机理论的地下水环境风险评价方法。以矩形场地地下水污染风险评价为例,采用蒙特卡罗法生成大量渗透系数随机场,模拟含水层参数各种可能的非均质空间分布,在此基础上建立场地地下水流模型与溶质运移模型,分别计算污染物在地下水中的迁移转化情况。统计大量随机模拟中污染事故发生的频率,当模拟次数足够多时,污染频率收敛于污染概率,污染风险即通过污染概率体现出来。该方法将模型参数设为满足一定分布特征的随机变量,避免了确定性方法得出的武断的评价结果,可为工厂的选址、水源地的选址等工作提供科学指导。  相似文献   

4.
随着我国煤炭资源的枯竭,大量矿山关闭,遗留了广大的地下采空区场地。不少化工企业向废弃矿井内倾倒化学废液等导致了矿区地下水污染事故,威胁地下水水源地的水源安全。针对此类复杂场地条件下污染事故的应急处置案例和经验都非常少,本文以北方某废弃矿区地下水污染注浆帷幕应急处置为例,通过对矿区地质条件的分析、地下空间结构和地下水流场的刻画,构建三维地质模型,以模型为基础设计帷幕注浆工程并实施,研究复杂场地条件下开展帷幕注浆应急处置的重要内容和决定因素,并利用场地地下水样品监测结果,分析研究帷幕内外污染物浓度分布特征及差异,找出地下水运移规律,评价注浆帷幕效果。研究表明：在事故井周边100 m范围实施的帷幕注浆工程,对污染物运移的封堵效果显著,帷幕注浆内外污染物含量差距明显。一期检测结果显示帷幕注浆范围内地下水中二氯甲烷浓度最高1390 μg/L,帷幕范围外最高浓度仅为8. 07 μg/L;二期检测结果为污染物检出浓度大于5 μg/L的区域全部位于帷幕范围内,帷幕范围外均未检出。同时污染物的分布特征指示着地下水沿巷道运移成为最主要的形式,对地下空间结构的精准刻画是决定帷幕注浆工程成效的重要因素。  相似文献   

5.
大同盆地是我国典型原生高砷地下水分布区,为精细刻画地下水系统中砷迁移富集的机理,在盆地高砷地下水分布区建立了面积为150m×250m的多水平试验监测场,开展了系统的水文地质与水文地球化学监测研究。结果表明,富砷沉积物是地下水中砷的直接来源,高pH值、强还原性的地下水环境及竞争吸附离子的存在是含水沉积物中砷向地下水迁移富集的主要控制因素。场地范围内地下水水化学组成及砷的空间分布特征明显受水流场影响,沿地下水径流方向,砷质量浓度逐渐升高。  相似文献   

6.
溶质运移模拟是污染风险预测的一种有效手段。本研究为查明研究区内某有机污染场地作为污染源对拟建水库的影响,基于对区内流场的精确测量,建立了准确的地下水流模型和化工厂泄露有机污染物的溶质运移模型,预测分析了研究区拟建水库修建前、后地下水流场及污染物迁移情形的变化。模拟结果表明：水库和周边两种设计水头的截渗沟建成后,改变了自然条件下的流场,形成水库向截渗沟排泄、截渗沟向周边排泄以及水库和周边区域均向截渗沟排泄两种地下水流场。某些污染羽扩散范围虽比自然条件下有所增大,但向水库方向的扩散均未超出300 m,不会对水库水质构成污染风险。  相似文献   

7.
本文以某地下水源保护区内一加油站为典型案例。通过对典型加油站场地及周边水工环地质条件的调查,分析该场地浅层地下水水质特征,建立水流数值模型和溶质运移模型对地下水流场及特征污染物运移进行模拟预测,并在此基础上评价特征污染物对下游水源井所在地周边人群的健康风险。调查结果表明:该加油站监测井地下水质量为V类,有机污染的主要特征指标为甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE);对特征污染物MTBE运移模拟预测可知:800d后,距加油站最近的下游水源井一级保护区内潜水中MTBE将可被检出,1500d后,距加油站最近的下游水源井北侧潜水MTBE浓度将会达到0.04mg/L的水平;健康风险评估的结果显示,该加油站对下游水源井造成的MTBE污染所引发的致癌风险会达到1.2E-06,超过了人体健康致癌风险可接受水平1.0E-06,对人体健康存在风险。该场地关注污染物MTBE的地下水风险控制值应在0.033mg/L以下。  相似文献   

8.
针对云南保山盆地地下水污染情况,在查明研究区的水文地质条件基础上,仅考虑氨氮污染物在对流及弥散作用的情况下,利用GMS建立其溶质运移模型,模拟预测1 000 d、3 000 d及5 000 d氨氮的物理位置特征及迁移规律,结果显示,氨氮在地下水运移的过程中,不同浓度的污染晕是以高浓度为中心基本对称分布的,其浓度含量由中心向边缘逐渐变小,说明在对流及弥散作用下,氨氮是沿着水流方向随地下水缓慢运移,并且由迁移距离与时间关系图得出,在运移过程中,对流作用对氨氮的运移起决定性作用。  相似文献   

9.
通过对焦作地区浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)污染物分布特征进行调查,分析了研究区浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)的污染机理,并运用Visual MODFLOW建立地下水流模型及溶质运移模型,模拟预测了浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)的迁移规律。结果表明:研究区浅层地下水铬(Ⅵ)污染严重,污染源是位于老君庙西南方向的焦作某电厂堆灰场,主要原因是露天堆放的粉煤灰中的铬(Ⅵ)污染物在长期淋滤作用下下渗污染含水层。气候条件、包气带岩性、地下水化学环境以及人为因素等也间接使浅层地下水铬(Ⅵ)浓度升高;模拟结果显示在未来的五年时间内,受地形和地下水动力场的影响,浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)的迁移方向与地下径流方向一致,沿大沙河水流方向上扩散速度更快,污染区域面积逐渐增大。   相似文献   

10.
基于CFP的岩溶管道流溶质运移数值模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
多重岩溶含水介质的复杂性导致岩溶地下水流动及溶质运移的数学模拟成为地下水研究难点之一。为了探讨岩溶多重含水介质中地下水流溶质运移特征,文章构建了管道流CFP水流模型和MT3DMS溶质运移三维耦合数值模型。在阐述管道流CFP和MT3DMS基本原理的基础上,通过建立水文地质概念模型算例（1个落水洞、4个直管道）,探讨岩溶管道水流及溶质运移规律,分析讨论不同水文地质参数对浓度穿透曲线的影响。研究结果表明:管道流CFP模型能够刻画岩溶管道与基岩裂隙水流交换特征,MT3DMS模型能够模拟穿透曲线的拖尾现象,符合实际岩溶区特征。随着水力梯度、管道直径及管道渗透系数增大,孔隙度减小,浓度曲线峰值越大,峰值到达时间越快,浓度穿透曲线越对称。得出结论:耦合CFP水流模型和MT3DMS溶质运移模型能够刻画岩溶管道流溶质运移规律,为研究岩溶复杂介质污染物运移特征提供一种思路和途径。  相似文献   

11.
 Drilling of 15 boreholes at a disused liquid waste disposal site near Perth, Western Australia, has indicated that a contamination plume extends about 1000 m in a southerly direction from the site in the direction of groundwater flow. The plume is up to 600 m wide and 5–40 m thick. Chemical and microbiological analyses have indicated that contaminated groundwater contains high concentrations of ammonia, iron, and bacteria at levels that commonly exceed national drinking water guidelines. It is likely that a proposed water supply production well in the path of the contamination plume will have to be abandoned, and additional wells may have to be abandoned if the plume continues to extend in the direction of groundwater flow. There is currently insufficient information to indicate whether the plume is continuing to expand, but studies on similar plumes in the Perth metropolitan area have indicated that contaminated groundwater can move at rates up to 100 m yr–1. Several other liquid waste disposal sites are now located in residential areas of Perth where wells are used for garden irrigation. Further work is required to ensure that there is no potential impact of groundwater contamination on public health in these areas. Received: 31 July 1995 · Accepted: 18 September 1995  相似文献   

12.
The fate and transport of As was examined at an industrial site where soil- and groundwater contamination are derived from the application of As2O3 as a herbicide. Application of arsenical herbicides was discontinued in the 1970s and soils in the source area were partially excavated in 2003. Arsenic contamination (up to 280 mg/kg) remains in the source area soils and a plume of As-contaminated groundwater persists in the surficial aquifer downgradient of the source area with maximum observed As concentrations of 1200 μg/L near the source area. The spatial extent of As contamination as defined by the 10 μg/L contour appears to have remained relatively stable over the period 1996–2006; the boundary of the 1000 μg/L contour has retreated over the same time period indicating a decrease in total As mass in the surficial groundwater.In column experiments conducted with source area soil, the As concentrations in the column effluent were comparable to those observed in groundwater near the source area. A substantial fraction of the As could be leached from the source area soil with ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate. Exhaustive extraction with background groundwater removed most of the total As. These results indicate that As in the source area soils is geochemically labile. Source area soils are low in extractable Fe, Mn and Al, and characterization by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron microscopy indicated that As is present primarily as arsenate sorbed to (alumino)silicate minerals. Batch sorption experiments showed much less sorption on surficial aquifer sediments than on sediments from the Jackson Bluff Formation (JBF), a presumed confining layer. This limited capacity of the surficial aquifer sediments for As sorption is consistent with the similar As contents observed for these sediments within and upgradient of the As plume. The apparent stability of the As plume cannot be explained by sequestration of As within the surficial aquifer. Sorption to JBF sediments may contribute to As sequestration, but As enrichment in JBF sediments within the plume (i.e., as compared with JBF sediments upgradient) was not observed. These results indicate that neither the persistence of As in the source area soils or the apparent stability of the plume of As-contaminated groundwater at this site can be explained by geochemical controls on As mobility. The absence of demonstrable geochemical bases for such observations suggests that possible hydrologic controls should be further investigated at this site.  相似文献   

13.
León valley, located in the Mexican state of Guanajuato, has a long history (35+ a) of Cr contamination of groundwater and surface water. Here data are presented for Cr, major ion and trace element concentrations and Cr stable isotope measurements of groundwater in a heavily contaminated aquifer in Buenavista, where Cr ore processing residue piles (COPRPs) located in a chromate production factory are the main source of Cr. The aquifer directly beneath the factory still retains very high Cr(VI) concentrations (∼121 mg/L). Ongoing pump and treat remediation is keeping the high concentration plume confined to the factory area and immediate vicinity, though Cr is also detected at some distance away. Chromium isotope data of the aquifer directly under the factory show only a small increase in δ53Cr (+0.33‰ to +0.81‰) and indicates minimal reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Very high Cr(VI) concentrations have possibly overwhelmed natural reductants and furthermore fresh Cr(VI) was being leached into the groundwater from the COPRP. From just one year of Cr isotope data it is clear that more aggressive remediation techniques will be necessary to reduce or eliminate the contamination. The fringes of the Cr plume have substantially lower concentrations and can be partially explained by transport of the main plume or mixing between waters from the nearby landfill and highly contaminated waters from QC. While the source of Cr at the fringes of the plume could be attributed to a source from the nearby landfill instead of the main plume from the factory, the Cr stable isotope data show enrichment in the heavier isotopes and point to varying amounts of reduction. Isotopic enrichment seen between 2007 and 2008 along the fringe may indicate either reduction or less unreacted Cr(VI) is being transported to the fringes. In either case some potential for natural attenuation of Cr(VI) exists at the western margin of the plume with the landfill playing a role.  相似文献   

14.
Different geoenvironmental site investigation techniques to assess contamination from a municipal solid waste disposal site in Brazil are presented here. Superficial geophysical investigation (geoelectrical survey), resistivity piezocone penetration tests (RCPTU), soil samples collected with direct-push samplers and water samples collected from monitoring wells were applied in this study. The application of the geoelectrical method was indispensable to identify the presence and flow direction of contamination plumes (leachate) as well as to indicate the most suitable locations for RCPTU tests and soil and water sampling. Chemical analyses of groundwater samples contributed to a better understanding of the flow of the contaminated plume. The piezocone presented some limitations for tropical soils, since the groundwater level is sometimes deeper than the layer which is impenetrable to the cone, and the soil genesis and unsaturated conditions affect soil behavior. The combined interpretation of geoelectrical measurements and soil and water samplings underpinned the interpretation of RCPTU tests. The interpretation of all the test results indicates that the contamination plume has already overreached the landfill’s west-northwest borders. Geoenvironmental laboratory test results suggest that contamination from the solid waste disposal site has been developing gradually, indicating the need for continuous monitoring of the groundwater.  相似文献   

15.
The remediation of ammonium-containing groundwater discharged from uranium mill tailing sites is a difficult problem facing the mining industry. The Monument Valley site is a former uranium mining site in the southwest US with both ammonium and nitrate contamination of groundwater. In this study, samples collected from 14 selected wells were analyzed for major cations and anions, trace elements, and isotopic composition of ammonium and nitrate. In addition, geochemical data from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) database were analyzed. Results showing oxic redox conditions and correspondence of isotopic compositions of ammonium and nitrate confirmed the natural attenuation of ammonium via nitrification. Moreover, it was observed that ammonium concentration within the plume area is closely related to concentrations of uranium and a series of other trace elements including chromium, selenium, vanadium, iron, and manganese. It is hypothesized that ammonium–nitrate transformation processes influence the disposition of the trace elements through mediation of redox potential, pH, and possibly aqueous complexation and solid-phase sorption. Despite the generally relatively low concentrations of trace elements present in groundwater, their transport and fate may be influenced by remediation of ammonium or nitrate at the site.  相似文献   

16.
On the basis of site investigation and data collection of a certain electro plating factory, the groundwater flow and solute transport coupled models were established by applying Visual MODFLOW 4.1 software, which was used to conduct a numerical simulation that forecast the transport process of Cr6+ in groundwater. The results show that contamination plume of Cr6+ transports with groundwater flow direction. Without control measures, in 3 650 days, 19 wells for drinking would be contaminated, and the range of transport would be 52 172 m2, the maximum contamination would be 35.8 mg/L  相似文献   

17.
The results of integral pumping tests (IPTs) performed in the city of Fabriano, Italy, are presented. The IPT methodology was developed by the European Union project INCORE, as a tool for groundwater investigation and source localization in contaminated areas. This methodology consists of a multiple-well pumping test in which the wells are positioned along a control plane downstream of suspected contaminant source zones and perpendicular to the mean groundwater flow direction. During the pumping, concentration time series of target contaminants are measured. In Fabriano, two control planes were realized to identify a chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon plume, to estimate the mass fluxes and draw up a ranked list of the main contamination sources. A numerical flow model was implemented to support the IPT design and to interpret the results. This study revealed low-level trichloroethylene contamination (concentration below 8 μg/l), tetrachloroethylene contamination (mean concentration up to 500 μg/l) and a mass flow rate of about 300 g/day. Through the application of the IPT method, the mean contaminant concentrations, the spatial distribution of concentration values along the control planes, and the total contaminant mass flow rates were evaluated, and the investigation area was reduced for further and deeper investigation activities.  相似文献   

18.
. Groundwater sampling and geophysical methods determined a serious contamination problem associated with refilled exploitation sites at the Cal Dimoni area, Llobregat delta, Barcelona, Spain. To characterise this process, hydrogeochemical analyses were performed and showed the following modifications to groundwater chemical composition: increasing pH values, changing redox conditions, significant increases in total organic carbon (TOC) and certain trace elements, and high groundwater conductivity values. Major ion content accumulations were found under the refilled area. In contrast, elements involved in the oxidation–reduction processes, such as iron, manganese and nitrates, clearly diminished. Electromagnetic prospecting methods were also performed and delineated the contamination plume extent. These methods also showed separate sources of contamination, one clearly related to the groundwater–refilled zone leachate interaction, another as a consequence of the manure–accumulation surface site. Geochemical and geophysical methods have shown similar results for locating groundwater contamination sources, and for determining leachate generation mechanisms and flow paths.  相似文献   

19.
A contaminated site from a downstream municipal solid waste disposal site in Brazil was investigated by using a 3D resistivity and induced polarization (IP) imaging technique. This investigation purpose was to detect and delineate contamination plume produced by wastes. The area was selected based on previous geophysical investigations, and chemical analyses carried out in the site, indicating the presence of a contamination plume in the area. Resistivity model has successfully imaged waste presence (ρ < 20 Ωm), water table depth, and groundwater flow direction. A conductive anomaly (ρ < 20 Ωm) outside wastes placement was interpreted as a contamination plume. Chargeability model was also able to imaging waste presence (m > 31 mV/V), water table depth, and groundwater flow direction. A higher chargeability zone (m > 31 mV/V) outside wastes placement and following conductive anomaly was interpreted as a contamination plume. Normalized chargeability (MN = m/ρ) confirmed polarizable zone, which could be an effect of a salinity increase (contamination plume), and the clay presence in the environment.  相似文献   

20.
At sites of groundwater contamination, predictions of contaminant behavior and evaluation of remedial strategies depend on identification and characterization of the geochemical processes affecting contaminant migration. Heavy-metal loadings to waters and sediments by leachate from the Golbasi waste disposal site in Ankara, Turkey, have been evaluated quantitatively using hydrogeochemical modeling. The groundwater of the waste disposal area, characterized by high concentrations of Ca, K, Cl, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, B, Ni, SO4, and NO3, contaminates the waters and sediments in the down-gradient area, Eymir Lake and a swamp along the flow path. An advective mass transport duration is ～15 years for unretarded contaminants to move from the waste disposal well area to the southern shoreline of Eymir Lake. Mixing calculations suggest that the down-gradient groundwater is formed by mixing of 40 to 72% upgradient groundwater and 28 to 60% waste-disposal-area groundwater, as well as Eymir Lake surface-water ion concentrations formed by mixing of down-gradient groundwater (3%-25%) and swamp-water ion concentrations (75-97%) along the flow path. An evaluation of the changes in concentration of trace ion-related precipitation/dissolution and exchange reactions between water and sediments for the formation of both Eymir Lake surface-water composition and the down-gradient groundwater composition indicate considerable trace-ion content of the clays (exchangers) and related reactions in the system. These results suggest that the amounts of contaminants removed from or added both to the down-gradient groundwater and to surface waters through mixing, dilution, and evaporation processes are rather small. The amounts of ions in the waters at the present stage of the contamination process are predominantly governed by exchange and dissolution/precipitation reactions.  相似文献   

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