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1.
Kirsten Valentine Cadieux 《GeoJournal》2011,76(4):341-363
This paper explores different ways that the category of nature is used in addressing landscape changes associated with exurbia
and exurbanization. Nature is an important category in the practices and representations that residents and planners use to
construct and maintain exurban landscapes. However, common ways of mobilizing nature in exurban planning discourses often
obstruct better discussion, rather than facilitate it. Invoking nature can make planning processes more difficult by providing a means
for naturalizing planning decisions and also by exacerbating struggles over whose nature will be managed in what ways. More
explicitly framing what is meant by nature in exurban planning may improve discussion of landscape problems associated with
sprawl. The goal of this paper is to contribute to creating a framework for more actively contextualizing how “nature” is
used in discourses relating to exurbanization. I suggest that such a framework would need to consider—and make explicit—themes
such as the four that I discuss in this paper: (1) the centrality of the production of nature to exurban landscapes; (2) multiple
meanings of nature that are often confused; (3) ways that normative statements about nature tend to be unquestioned in exurban
planning; and (4) the simultaneous difficulty and usefulness of critiquing and “denaturalizing” both material and discursive
nature. Explicit conversations about the role and representation of nature within residents’ and managers’ land-use practices
and ideologies could create opportunities for dialogue between residents, planners, and academics about the valuation of and
preferences for constructing particular landscapes, especially in addressing problematic aspects of the phenomena of “amenity
migration” and “sprawl.” 相似文献
2.
The notion of community has been central to the political project of renewal of New Labour in the UK. The paper explores how
the discourses of community are framed within New Labour and discusses these in the light of the results from research which
focuses on how people within urban deprived areas construct their community. It draws upon the results of one part of a larger
research project (the ‘Well London’ programme) which aimed to capture the views of residents from 20 disadvantaged neighbourhoods
throughout London using an innovative qualitative method known as the ‘World Café’. Our results show the centrality of young
people to the development of cohesive communities, the importance of building informal relationships between residents alongside
encouraging greater participation to policy making, and the need to see these places as fragile and temporary locations but
with considerable social strengths. Government policies are only partially addressing these issues. They pay greater attention
to formally encouraging citizens to become more involved in policy making, largely ignore the contribution young people could
make to the community cohesion agenda, and weakly define the shared norms and values that are crucial in building cohesive
communities. Thus, the conclusion is that whilst an emphasis of the government on ‘community’ is to be welcome, more needs
to be done in terms of considering the ‘voices’ of the community as well as enabling communities to determine and act upon
their priorities. 相似文献
3.
The urban fringe, which can be seen as a special form of regional ecosystem with a spatial transition from urban to rural
areas, has strong heterogeneity and is a typical ecologically sensitive area. The expansion of cities and the landscape effect
of the changes have attracted wide attention. The primary aim of this study is to obtain an understanding of the spatial patterns
of landscape conversion and the corresponding environmental sustainability. With the help of GIS and Fragstats software, the
changes of landscape patterns before and after town planning were compared in An-Ding town of Beijing, of which the sustainability
was also revealed based on the ecological footprint using social and economic statistic data. The results showed that the
landscape pattern changed greatly during its conversion from several villages to a small town and the landscape fragmentation
increased due to road construction. Meanwhile, human disturbance increased with the constructed land extension. For the gap
between the ecological footprint and the biological capacity, An-Ding town ran an ecological deficit at that period, which
means it was unsustainable. However, the environmental sustainability decreased after planning due to the degraded green land
and forest. The results suggested that ecological management should be strengthened during the town planning period. 相似文献
4.
The paper examines the neighborhood council from the perspective of its contribution to town planning. Within the context
of planning in Israel, two distinct models of neighborhood council and their relationship to the municipal planning administration
in two different towns are considered. Their potential as a new arena of planning at the neighborhood level is evaluated,
including the ability to mediate between ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ planning processes, and to offer a planning framework
that combines local with professional knowledge. 相似文献
5.
Izhak Schnell 《GeoJournal》2007,69(4):257-269
Sheinkin is an example of a place constituted by global forces. Yet Sheinkin creatively responds to scalar jumps of global
forces, drawing from the capitals of the global system like Soho and Greenwich village. These models are embedded in the Israeli
reality with Sheinkin becoming an incubator of post-Zionist identity. Young people from all over Israel concentrate in the
place on Fridays to participate in choreography of strolling along the street with its’ designers’ shops, mingling with celebrities
and others who belong to the cult and around the ‘Hyde Park’ corner in which environmental, spiritual and other worldviews
are promoted. The article suggests a model to investigate such places as the organic integration of a community whose participants
do not live in the place but pilgrimage to the place, a landscape that appraises creativity, originality and individualism,
a choreography of strollers who search for stimulations and a set of norms and values promote in the place. 相似文献
6.
Kees Terlouw 《GeoJournal》2018,83(3):525-543
This paper discusses the different ways in which local identities are used in two Dutch municipalities. Like all local administrations these Dutch municipalities have to deal with external forces by plotting their own course between closing-off and opening-up. Local identities are used not only for resisting external threats like municipal amalgamations, but also to attract external resources. It proved useful to distinguish between primary identity discourses based on the widely recognised dominant characteristics of the local community, and secondary identity discourses based on how communities within a municipality have over time learned to deal with these different primary local identities. During an amalgamation this secondary identity discourse disappears with the old municipality. The disappearance of the protective shield of a secondary identity discourse can threaten the underlying primary local identities, and can bring local identities into the centre of the local political debate. A perceived external threat frequently changes the character of these local identities. They can become more inward oriented, focus more on their historical roots and their differences with others; they ‘thicken’ into resistance identity discourses. In other cases the secondary identity discourse of a municipality is too weak and indistinct to support the primary local identities of its communities. Municipal amalgamation can then help to promote a new more attractive secondary, ‘thin’ regional identity discourse based on a selection of characteristics used in established primary local identity discourses. 相似文献
7.
Vu Thi Hong Hanh 《GeoJournal》2006,66(3):165-186
Since the city’s founding back in 1698 on the old Khmer city of Prei Nokor, rivers and canals have always been Ho Chi Minh
City’s (HCMC’s) primary means of transportation. Despite the decline of the utilization of the city’s abundant waterways due
to the increasing development of modern aerial services and more convenient roads, the HCMC’s canal-based urban form, with
its water-based socio-economic structures that include port-boat-market activities and canal handcraft villages, still processes
a rich cultural and religious diversity that dates back to the history of the city itself. Currently, developments in the
city’s transportation systems are having a damaging impact on the canals’ cultural background. Rather than being recognized
as a significant cultural asset that identifies the city, the canal system has been physically reorganized as the city’s drainage
system and valued as only a supplementary landscape element; canal communities have been evicted, and canal built fabric has
been removed due to recent canal-side transportation developments. To revitalize the urban cultural identity that is possessed
by the canal system and to enrich it as a contemporary valuable layer in the city’s dynamic regional development, it is critical
to implement cultural conservation and tourism in the development of canal-side transportation and supplementary projects
in the canal vicinity. 相似文献
8.
Hamzah Muzaini 《GeoJournal》2006,66(3):211-222
Despite the salience of the Second World War in paving the way for Singapore to attain formal independent status in 1965,
it was not until the 1990s that war events were inserted into the state’s narratives, and ‘mapped’ onto its spaces as visible
national fodder to bind citizens together. Since then, memoryscapes in many forms have proliferated over the state’s cityscape.
After tracing the genesis of official war commemorative gestures within Singapore, the paper examines the ways in which Singaporeans
have responded to them. Specifically, the paper argues that, while Singaporeans recognize the importance of remembering the
war as nationally significant, this has not translated into any physical attempt or desire—beyond the discursive—to participate
in the state’s commemorative endeavours. In analyzing factors that may have hindered the actual bodily practice of war remembrance in Singapore, nationalized war memoryscapes are also seen as embodying numerous politics due
to tensions arising from a collision between what the state and its people perceive to be ideal means of remembering and representing
the war within national discourses in the context of the present. 相似文献
9.
Joy K. Adams 《GeoJournal》2010,75(3):303-314
Sustained migration of Hispanics and Anglos into Texas’s historical “German belt” has contributed to a significant decline
in the proportion of Central Texans claiming German ancestry. Under these circumstances, ethnic festivals are playing an increasingly
important role in maintaining the German-American identity of many of the region’s people and places. Organizers and participants
frequently tout the events’ inclusiveness, claiming that anyone can temporarily cross ethnic boundaries to become “German
for a day” within the festival context. However, participant observation and surveys of festival participants in three historically
German-American communities (Brenham, Fredericksburg, and New Braunfels) suggest that ethnic-themed events mirror processes
of racialization that have persisted in the region for more than 150 years. In this paper, I argue that, in helping to construct
“German” identities for the region’s people and places, German-themed events in Central Texas are implicitly involved in the
construction of “non-German” and, by extension “non-white,” ethnic identities. Further, event participation patterns reflect
a long-standing black-white racial dichotomy in the region. Within this ethnoracial hierarchy, Hispanics have long occupied
a liminal status that is reflected by their involvement in the production and consumption of German-themed events. I contend
that Hispanics’ participation in German heritage festivals reflects not only a historical process of “whitening” their racial
status but their increasing presence and power within the region. 相似文献
10.
The intent of this paper is to explore how ‘reel’ and ‘real’ landscapes can be rendered dialectic. The analysis focuses on
the filming of Tarzan's Secret Treasure (1941) at the wildlife preserve of Wakulla Springs in Florida, which was administered
by the financial tycoon Ed Ball. Using Mitchell's recent commentaries on ‘good’ and ‘bad’ dialectics as our entry point, we
offer two readings of this cinematic process. The first renders the on and off screen Wakulla Springs as ideological fodder,
serving to valorise capital, masculinity and whiteness. The second reading addresses how this place has been actively constructed
from discourses pertaining to class, gender and race, such that Wakulla exists as a series of fully relational spaces within
diverse contexts, both ‘real’ and ‘reel’. In structuring our analysis in this manner, we hope to make clear why it does indeed
matter for film geographers to acknowledge the conceptual presumptions brought to bear in the framing of the real and the
reel as objects of analysis.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Understandings of community in urban–rural fringe locations in Ireland are explored in this paper. As a specific space at
the interface between the urban and the rural the fringe incorporates processes of rapid physical, social, and demographic
change. These give rise to a range of complex and often competing dynamics, that impact on people and place in a variety of
ways. Among the main preoccupations and concerns in these rapidly evolving fringe locations are those relating to what can
broadly be described as ‘quality of life’. How this concept is understood across different groups situated within the spatial
setting of the fringe, and how it influences the development of a sustainable community there, are central to this discussion.
Drawing on household interviews from four case-study locations surrounding Galway City, Ireland, this paper examines how quality
of life is experienced across a range of social and spatial dimensions that relate to these locations, and the extent to which
they provide a common set of interests around which community may be built. From a wider knowledge perspective, it contributes
to debates about how the concept of community provides explanatory power regarding the way in which individuals are associated
with one another on the basis of a set of shared interests or concerns within a particular spatial setting. 相似文献
12.
Damage assessment of tunnels caused by the 2004 Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake using Hayashi’s quantification theory type II 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mountain tunnels, being underground structures and situated deep within rock layers, are generally considered to suffer appreciably
less damage from earthquakes than surface structures. However, it has been reported that many tunnels were damaged by the
1923 Great Kantou earthquake, the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake, the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake, the 2004 Mid Niigata
Prefecture Earthquake and the May 2008 Great Wenchuan Earthquake in China. In this study, the damaged tunnels resulted of
the 2004 Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake are the study objects. The damage patterns are analyzed, and the information which
is considered to be of influence, such as the distance to epicenter, the completion time, the geological conditions, etc.,
are collected. A database of the damaged tunnels has been created using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The influence
ranking for these factors has been analyzed using Hayashi’s quantification theory II. The degree of the tunnel damage has
also been assessed using GIS and Hayashi’s quantification theory II. The field investigation is in close agreement with the
assessment results following Hayashi’s quantification theory II. 相似文献
13.
D. Scott Slocombe Dr. 《GeoJournal》1990,21(3):251-272
The Great Lakes Basin is a large, complex, diverse system of highly connected social, biological, and physical components.
Its long history has culminated today in a variety of environmental, economic, and social problems and efforts to solve them.
The idea of sustainability — meeting societal needs and desires without impairing the ability to meet them in the future —
is gaining widespread acceptance as an appropriate goal for management of such systems. This paper shows that nonequilibrium
systems theories dealing with chaotic and self-organizing behavior can provide some insight into the dynamics of complex sociobiophysical
systems such as the Great Lakes Basin, and their prospects for sustainability.
A methodology for describing and analyzing sociobiophysical systems is outlined, and used to focus on change, critical variables
and transformations in the history of the Great Lakes Basin. Nonequilibrium systems theories are used to develop links between
system characteristics and sustainability, ecosystem redevelopment, impact assessment and monitoring, and management of Great
Lakes resources. An indicative framework for monitoring change, restructuring, and transformation by assessing the nature
of change, evaluating system responsiveness, and monitoring the Basin sociobiophysical system, is presented. 相似文献
14.
Expert engagement in participatory processes: translating stakeholder discourses into policy options
Linnerooth-Bayer JoAnne Scolobig Anna Ferlisi Settimio Cascini Leonardo Thompson Michael 《Natural Hazards》2015,81(1):69-88
This paper demonstrates an innovative role for experts in supporting participatory policy processes with an application to landslide risk management in the Italian town of Nocera Inferiore. Experts co-produce risk mitigation options based on their specialized knowledge taking account of local knowledge and values by directly coupling stakeholder discourses with option design. Drawing on the theory of plural rationality and based on a literature review, interviews and a public questionnaire, stakeholder discourses are elicited on the landslide risk problem and its solution. Armed with the discourses and in close interaction with stakeholders, experts provide a range of technical mitigation options, each within a given budget constraint. These options are subsequently deliberated in the participatory process with the intent of reaching compromise recommendations for landslide risk mitigation. As we show in an accompanying paper, “Compromise not consensus. Designing a participatory process for landslide risk mitigation” (this issue), the provision of multiple co-produced policy options enhances stakeholder deliberation by respecting legitimate differences in values and worldviews.
相似文献15.
Margo Kleinfeld 《GeoJournal》2005,64(4):287-295
This paper describes the changing discourses of territory in Sri Lanka and their utility in conflict relations. The primordial
homeland has been at the center of Sri Lanka’s armed struggle, in which both Sinhalese and Tamil nationalisms have used claims
of ancient and ethnically determined territories to justify their right to self-determination, territorial sovereignty, and
armed struggle. This identity–territory nexus based on historical argument has been destabilized in Sri Lanka, however. Scholarly
findings suggest that historical linkages between ethnicity and territory in Sri Lanka are highly problematic and are no longer
effectual means for adjudicating territorial desires in Sri Lanka and producing stable homelands. I argue that rights-based
territorial discourses have emerged to enhance the old historical justifications for territorial authority. New narratives
based upon fulfilling or denying human rights have been put to work linking authority to territory based upon moral fitness
and unfitness, political legitimacy and illegitimacy, and ultimately, upon which political actor deserves to rule the territorially
bound population under its control. The first part of the paper examines historical narratives linking national homelands
to identity as well as scholarly work that deconstructs this linkage. In part two, external sovereignty and political legitimacy
are discussed as the starting point for understanding how rights-based discourses justify territorial claims. In part three,
accusations related to human rights violations are described as an important vehicle for shaming political adversaries, undermining
their legitimacy, and making and unmaking territorial claims in Sri Lanka. 相似文献
16.
Hillary Jenks 《GeoJournal》2008,73(3):231-244
The “Little Tokyo” neighborhood of Los Angeles was the center of pre-internment community life for Japanese immigrants and
their children and is still considered the symbolic home of later generations of Japanese Americans in Southern California.
Drawing on three years of ethnographic research in Little Tokyo, I explore in this article how contemporary Japanese Americans
have used and transformed this ancestral landscape in order to express, contest, and formalize collective memories of the
Japanese American experience, particularly with regard to their place in the national body politic. Historical narratives
inscribed at many places in Little Tokyo, both informal and institutional, project a narrative of sacrifice, suffering, and
redemption in the context of internment and military service, articulating neatly with mainstream American tropes of overcoming
hardship as a process of ‘earning’ citizenship and its benefits. However, such narratives are also contested by alternative
interpretations and representations of these spaces that describe a special role for Japanese Americans in making demands
of their government, rather than just sacrifices to it. The resulting debates, disagreements, and even occasional consensus
around constructions of nation, identity, community, and belonging are rooted in the ‘sacred ground’ of Little Tokyo, gathering
meaning and persuasive power through their connection to a symbolically dense site of shared memory. The multiple memory projects
of this landscape reveal how Japanese Americans have envisioned their relationship to the concept of America, to each other,
and to other communities with shared experiences in a diverse metropolis.
相似文献
| Hillary JenksEmail: |
17.
Pierpaolo Mudu 《GeoJournal》2007,68(2-3):195-210
In the last 20 years, the growth of Chinese immigration in Italy has increased, being characterized by multiple migration strategies linked to transnational economic activities. This has been particularly the case with the Chinese immigrant community in Rome, where many of these immigrants are involved in the restaurant or import–export business. In this context, the Chinese immigrant presence in the restaurant sector will be analysed in detail within a multimethod approach developed to explore the number, location and characteristics of all Chinese restaurants that were opened and closed since the 1970s. This exercise in economic geography is linked to other questions such as power and cultural relations, urban planning practices and the discourses of racism. The development and the geography of the Chinese restaurants allow us to understand not only how far or close they are to the mainstream Italian restaurant sector, but also the spatial trajectories of Roman Chinese in general within the urban landscape. As Chinese restaurants outside China have become a symbol of transnational Chinese identity, it is worth considering the real spatial practices attached to the construction and negotiation of this transnationality. 相似文献
18.
Expert engagement in participatory processes: translating stakeholder discourses into policy options
JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer Anna Scolobig Settimio Ferlisi Leonardo Cascini Michael Thompson 《Natural Hazards》2016,80(1):69-101
This paper demonstrates an innovative role for experts in supporting participatory policy processes with an application to landslide risk management in the Italian town of Nocera Inferiore. Experts co-produce risk mitigation options based on their specialized knowledge taking account of local knowledge and values by directly coupling stakeholder discourses with option design. Drawing on the theory of plural rationality and based on a literature review, interviews and a public questionnaire, stakeholder discourses are elicited on the landslide risk problem and its solution. Armed with the discourses and in close interaction with stakeholders, experts provide a range of technical mitigation options, each within a given budget constraint. These options are subsequently deliberated in the participatory process with the intent of reaching compromise recommendations for landslide risk mitigation. As we show in an accompanying paper, “Compromise not consensus. Designing a participatory process for landslide risk mitigation” (this issue), the provision of multiple co-produced policy options enhances stakeholder deliberation by respecting legitimate differences in values and worldviews. 相似文献
19.
In studies of the dynamics of the activation of karst and suffosion processes in the karst-hazardous districts of Nizhegorodsky
oblast, temporal-spectral and correlation analyses are carried out on multiyear time series data on the number of sinkholes
in the town of Dzerzhinsk, fluctuations in the water level in the Oka River, fluctuations in solar activity, and variations
in the speed of the Earth’s rotation. It is shown that the dynamics of the karst and suffosion processes is related to variations
in the regional fluid dynamics, which are controlled, in turn, by fluctuations in solar activity and in the speed of the Earth’s
rotation. 相似文献
20.
Jennifer Houghton 《Geoforum》2005,36(4):418-428
Sustainable development is accepted worldwide as a programme for the improvement of human-environment relations. It has been argued that the local level is the optimum level at which to implement sustainability. However, variability of local characteristics problematises this process as engagements with the principles and practices of sustainable development in unique places are likely to result in varying interpretations of the internationally accepted discourses of sustainable development. In order to assess local level interpretations of sustainability [Sharp, L., 1999. Local policy for the global environment: in search of a new perspective. Environmental Politics 8 (4), 137-159] calls for a more contextual analysis of the relationship between sustainability and the local level.This paper evaluates the interpretations of sustainability that were evident in a capacity building workshop in the Ugu District Municipality on the south coast of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa through consideration of the context in which they emerged. The notion of place as a construction of social and spatial interrelations, the social relations of power within places and the environmental discourses through which debates over sustainability often occur have been used in this study to consider how unequal power relations and the process of political and social transition taking place within the Ugu District Municipality drive the social construction of sustainability agendas. Consequently, the case study draws attention to the need to consider the ways in which local contexts set the terms for interpretations of sustainability as these conceptualizations can direct actions for sustainability and may interrelate to assist or hinder the implementation of local level sustainability plans. 相似文献