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1.
拟建的川藏铁路某特大桥是一座重要的控制性桥梁,其桥址区的地质安全风险评价具有重要的工程意义。该特大桥成都侧岸坡三面临空,海拔高差大,岩性复杂多变,岩体结构和完整性差,风化卸荷强烈,浅表部危岩体发育,调查表明成都岸八曲侧斜坡曾发生较大规模顺层岩质崩滑。采用遥感解译、剖面测量及稳定性计算等技术方法,调查成都侧岸坡地形地貌、地层岩性、结构面发育及变形破坏等特征,分析评价特大桥成都岸八曲侧顺层岩质斜坡稳定性。结果表明:天然和暴雨工况下,斜坡稳定系数大于1.1;强震（PGA>0.3 g）工况下,斜坡稳定系数小于1.0,可能出现局部或整体失稳破坏。建议在清除斜坡表部危岩体的基础上,进一步深入研究八曲侧顺层岩质斜坡未来可能出现的变形破坏范围和程度,提出针对性工程防治措施建议。 相似文献
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区域滑坡易发性研究对地质灾害风险管理具有重要意义.以往研究中,将多元统计模型与机器学习方法相结合用于滑坡易发性评价的研究较少.以三峡库区万州区为例,首先选取9种指标因子（坡度、坡向、剖面曲率、地表纹理、地层岩性、斜坡结构、地质构造、水系分布及土地利用类型）作为滑坡易发性评价指标.基于证据权模型（weights of evidence,WOE）计算得到的对比度和滑坡面积比与分级面积比的相对大小,对各指标因子进行状态分级;再利用粒子群法优化的BP神经网络模型（PSO-BP）得到各指标因子权重.综合两种模型确定的状态分级权重和指标因子权重（WOE-BP）计算滑坡易发性指数（landslide susceptibility index,LSI）,基于GIS平台得到全区滑坡易发性分区图.结果表明:水系、地层岩性和地质构造是影响万州区滑坡发育的主要指标因子;WOE-BP模型的预测精度为80.8%,优于WOE模型的73.1%和BP神经网络模型的71.6%,可为定量计算指标因子权重和优化滑坡易发性评价提供有效途径. 相似文献
4.
随着世界对油气资源的需求不断增加,火山岩油气藏的勘探和开发逐步成为油气储量、产量的新的增长点。火山岩岩性研究是火山岩油气储层研究的基础。常规的识别岩性方法不是很有效,作者曾用主成份分析方法来识别火山岩岩性,取得了一些效果,能够把基性岩,中性岩和酸性岩三大类岩石区分开来。但当岩性中也包括结构时,识别的效果就不是很理想,很难将流纹岩和流纹质凝灰岩区分开来。对岩石薄片鉴定,全岩分析以及综合测井曲线得到的火山岩岩样应用线性降维映射方法来识别,取得了很好的效果,它能将常规主成份分析方法很难区分的流纹岩和流纹质凝灰岩区分开来。 相似文献
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《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》1999,24(10):925-934
Detailed geomorphological mapping carried out in 5 sample areas in the North of Lisbon Region allowed us to collect a set of geological and geomorphological data and to correlate them with the spatial occurrence of landslide. A total of 597 slope movements were identified in a total area of 61.7 km2, which represents about 10 landslides per km2.The main landslide conditioning factors are: lithology and geological structure, slope angle and slope morphology, land use, presence of old landslides, and human activity.The highest landslide density occurs in Cretaceous marls and marly limestones, but the largest movements are in Jurassic clays, marls and limestones.The landslide density is higher on slopes with gradients above 20 °, but the largest unstable area is found on slopes of 10 ° to 15 °, thus reflecting the presence of the biggest slope movements. There is a correlation between landslides and topographical concavities, a fact that can be interpreted as reflecting the significance of the hydrological regime in slope instability.Concerning land use, the highest density of landslides is found on slopes covered with shrub and undergrowth vegetation.About 26% of the total number of landslides are reactivation events. The presence of old landslides is particularly important in the occurrence of translational slides and complex and composite slope movements.20% of the landslide events were conditioned by anthropomorphic activity. Human's intervention manifests itself in ill-consolidated fills, cuts in potentially unstable slopes and, in a few cases, in the changing of river channels.Most slope movements in the study area exhibit a clear climatic signal. The analysis of rainfall distribution in periods of recognised slope instability allows the distinction of three situations: 1) moderate intensity rainfall episodes, responsible for minor slope movements on the bank of rivers and shallow translational slides, particularly in artificial trenches; 2) high intensity rainfall episodes, originating flash floods and most landslides triggered by bank erosion; 3) long-lasting rainfall periods, responsible for the rise of the groundwater table and triggering of landslides with deeper slip surfaces. 相似文献
6.
三峡库区滑坡的时空分布特征与成因探讨 总被引：22，自引：7，他引：15
三峡库区地质灾害频繁发生,地质历史上大型滑坡广泛发育。近年库区滑坡灾害有逐年增加趋势。这些滑坡形成的堆积体成因复杂,不能单纯从传统的外动力或内动力作用来解释,给库区灾害的防治工程带来了很大困难。三峡库区大型古滑坡主要沿长江干流和支流的深切河谷两岸分布,与河流发育演化史密切相关。15万年以来,长江三峡地区经历了新构造期以来抬升速率最快的一次构造幕,山原期夷平面上升了100m,河流强烈下切,形成高陡岸坡,卸荷效应显著;同时,该时期三峡地区的气候受到青藏高原环境变化的影响,在间冰期可能存在相似的暖湿古气候环境,降水极为丰富。三峡库区的大型古滑坡在新构造快速抬升时期广泛发育,并且与暖湿多雨期相对应,表明库区滑坡的发育演化是新构造运动和气候变化内外动力耦合作用的结果。 相似文献
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基于对长白山天池及邻区火山地质和次生火山灾害的编图结果,从岩性、断裂、地形地貌和水系等方面,分析火山喷出物的地质特征与这些火山物质所导致的次生火山灾害之间的相关性。研究表明,崩塌发生在柱状节理发育的硬质岩中,多期火山喷发以及伴生的地震活动剥蚀掏空坚硬岩层间的松散堆积体,使岩体失稳发生崩塌,局部陡崖地貌在地震影响下亦会发生崩塌灾害。软质岩和松散堆积体受流水侵蚀,河谷下切,河流两岸斜坡前缘形成开阔的滑动空间,火山地震引起山体变形,斜坡岩体结构遭到破坏发生滑坡灾害。火山先期喷出的碎屑物和崩塌滑坡产生的碎石是火山泥石流的重要物质来源,火山喷发或强地震引发的洪水灾害以及地形地貌对火山泥石流的形成、搬运和分布范围起关键性作用。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study is to assess the susceptibility of landslides around Yomra and Arsin towns near Trabzon, in northeast
of Turkey, using a geographical information system (GIS). Landslide inventory of the area was made by detailed field surveys
and the analyses of the topographical map. The landslide triggering factors are considered to be slope angle, slope aspect,
distance from drainage, distance from roads and the weathered lithological units, which were called as “geotechnical units”
in the study. Idrisi and ArcGIS packages manipulated all the collected data. Logistic regression (LR) and weighted linear
combination (WLC) statistical methods were used to create a landslide susceptibility map for the study area. The results were
assessed within the scope of two different points: (a) effectiveness of the methods used and (b) effectiveness of the environmental
casual parameters influencing the landslides. The results showed that the WLC model is more suitable than the LR model. Regarding
the casual parameters, geotechnical units and slopes were found to be the most important variables for estimating the landslide
susceptibility in the study area. 相似文献
9.
三峡库区涉水滑坡众多,目前库岸滑坡空间发育规律及其影响因素尚不明确.收集三峡大坝至库尾江津长江两岸593处滑坡相关资料,选取地层岩性、斜坡结构、高程与坡度作为滑坡关键控制因素及库水作用这一诱发因素.沿三峡大坝追溯至库尾,根据不同影响因子把干流库岸进行分段研究,统计滑坡在各影响因子中的分布特征,分析其分布规律及内在机理,可得以下结论:（1）受不同岩组的工程地质性质差异,干流库岸稳定性差异较大,造成滑坡在空间分布上呈显著区域差异性与分带性特征;（2）在同一岩组的左、右两岸或上下游段滑坡发育密度呈明显局部差异性,其主要受斜坡结构影响,顺向坡中发育密度明显高于横向坡与逆向坡;（3）由于地形地貌条件及库水作用影响,滑坡后缘高程与坡度由库首至库尾逐渐降低,而前缘主要集中于100~175 m,滑坡复活变形的最主要诱发因素为库水位升降作用,当水位作用于滑坡中前部时影响效果最明显,影响时效随着滑坡逐年变形应力调整后逐渐减弱.研究结果为三峡库区滑坡防治提供了一定依据. 相似文献
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两河口水电站雅砻江主库区滑坡的形成与地层岩性、斜坡地质结构、河谷地貌特征密切相关,滑坡主要发生于板岩及板岩与中薄层状砂岩互层的中陡—陡倾反向层状结构斜坡和板岩陡倾顺向层状结构斜坡中,且多发生于峡谷凹岸及三面临空的脊状山体一侧。滑坡变形破坏方式主要为弯曲—拉裂型。 相似文献
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岩溶山区浅层滑坡具有发育规律性差、前期变形迹象小、面小点多等特征,早期识别难度大,难以实现全面调查与监测,因此,对典型案例的成因机理进行研究具有重要意义。2016年7月1日贵州省大方县金星组发生滑坡,共造成23人死亡。金星组滑坡滑体厚度平均仅为4 m,总方量约9.5×104 m3,属于典型的岩溶山区浅层基岩滑坡。研究认为,坡角大于岩层倾角的顺层坡体结构是滑坡发生的主要内在因素,而滑坡发生前的降雨入渗且无有效的排泄途径,导致坡体中的薄层泥岩发生泥化是金星组滑坡发生的直接触发因素。 相似文献
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三峡库区岸坡消落带是库岸边坡稳定性的敏感地带。库区内多次发生的地质灾害均与消落带的岩体劣化有关。随着时间的推移消落带的岩体劣化情况日益加剧,新生型滑坡不断涌现。本文通过实地调查与室内分析,系统总结了三峡库区秭归至巴东段岸坡消落带岩体劣化的类型以及新生型滑坡隐患的演化模式。研究表明,区内消落带岩性主要以碳酸盐岩类和碎屑岩类为主,碳酸盐岩类劣化类型主要有溶蚀(潜蚀)、裂缝显化与扩张和机械侵蚀,碎屑岩类的劣化类型主要有松动(剥落)、冲蚀(磨蚀)、结构面崩解块裂和软硬相间侵蚀,其中以松动/剥落型最为发育。在此基础上结合结构面发育特征、岸坡结构、岩性及结构和边界特征,厘定了不同岸坡消落带岩体劣化演化形成新生型滑坡隐患点的模式,碳酸岩盐类岸坡主要以基座碎裂压溃型、基座掏空倾倒型、顺向滑移型为主;碎屑岩类岸坡主要以软硬相间坍(崩)塌型、视倾向楔形滑动型、顺向滑移型及逆向倾倒型为主。研究结果可为三峡库区地质灾害监测预警及防治提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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以山阳—商南钒矿开采区为例,通过遥感解译、无人机航拍及野外详细地质调查,统计分析了斜坡地质灾害的分布与坡形、坡向、坡度、地层倾角、岩体结构与岩性的相关性。研究得出:（1）矿区斜坡地质灾害具有明显的顺向坡效应,顺向坡地质灾害占灾害总数的75.86%;（2）72.42%的灾害发育在坡度30°~50°的斜坡中;（3）灾害分布与地层倾角有很好的对应关系,大部分地质灾害集中在倾角40°~60°的范围内;（4）斜坡灾害多发生在结构面较发育的斜坡中,尤其是夹角在70°~90°的近乎正交的结构面组合范围内;（5）斜坡灾害多发育在硅质岩或白云岩与黏土岩互层中,而白云岩中多发生的是崩塌。同时,结合研究区遥感影像的对比分析,提出了斜坡地质灾害遥感识别方法,在此基础上,形成了一套矿区地质灾害早期识别技术。研究成果可为矿山企业和矿区居民对斜坡地质灾害的识别与预警预防提供技术支持。 相似文献
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Spatial distribution of landslides induced by the 2004 Mid-Niigata prefecture earthquake,Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
On October 23, 2004, an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 6.8 occurred in the Chuetsu area of Niigata prefecture in Japan. This earthquake is known as the 2004 Mid-Niigata prefecture earthquake; the event was followed by severe aftershocks and caused many types of landslides such as surficial slides, shallow slides, and deep slides. A large number of landslides occurred in the upland village of Yamakoshi, destroying the entire village; in addition, a huge number of houses collapsed in Kawaguchi town. This study investigates the correlations between each type of landslide and the bedding plane orientation and dip, and other geomorphologic conditions. The landslide occurrence ratio (LOR) is used as an index to determine the correlation between the 2004 Mid-Niigata prefecture earthquake-induced landslides and the slope angle, slope aspect, rock type, and bedding plane orientation and dip. This work also proposes a methodology to determine the geometric alignment between the topography and the orientation of geological bedding planes. The method provides an efficient means of estimating the topography/bedding plane relationship over large areas. 相似文献
16.
基于GIS的广东省滑坡灾害区划研究 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
以广东省小流域分布图为底图,在详细收集全省历史滑坡及现代滑坡资料的基础上,编制了全省滑坡灾害分布图,在ArcGIS8 3平台上,首先将两图进行空间叠加,生成了全省滑坡灾害易发程度分区图,以此分区图与广东省地形坡度、地层岩性、地貌分布、降雨分布图叠加分析,结果表明:广东省滑坡灾害易发区主要发生在地形坡度在10°～45°之间,地貌分布多为中、小起伏山地以及丘陵地区,地层岩性多为极硬、次硬及软硬相间岩层,以及高降雨区。 相似文献
17.
Slope units-based flow susceptibility model: using validation tests to select controlling factors 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A susceptibility map for an area, which is representative in terms of both geologic setting and slope instability phenomena
of large sectors of the Sicilian Apennines, was produced using slope units and a multiparametric univariate model. The study
area, extending for approximately 90 km2, was partitioned into 774 slope units, whose expected landslide occurrence was estimated by averaging seven susceptibility
values, determined for the selected controlling factors: lithology, mean slope gradient, stream power index at the foot, mean
topographic wetness index and profile curvature, slope unit length, and altitude range. Each of the recognized 490 landslides
was represented by its centroid point. On the basis of conditional analysis, the susceptibility function here adopted is the
density of landslides, computed for each class. Univariate susceptibility models were prepared for each of the controlling
factors, and their predictive performance was estimated by prediction rate curves and effectiveness ratio applied to the susceptibility classes. This procedure allowed us to discriminate between effective and non-effective factors,
so that only the former was subsequently combined in a multiparametric model, which was used to produce the final susceptibility
map. The validation of this map latter enabled us to verify the reliability and predictive performance of the model. Slope
unit altitude range and length, lithology and, subordinately, stream power index at the foot of the slope unit demonstrated
to be the main controlling factors of landslides, while mean slope gradient, profile curvature, and topographic wetness index
gave unsatisfactory results. 相似文献
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基于GIS的小江断裂中北段滑坡灾害危险性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小江断裂中北段作为金沙江下游重大水电工程库区内最重要的活动断裂构造,其沿线滑坡地质灾害发育,严重制约了当地的经济和社会发展。在详细调查了小江断裂中北段沿线滑坡地质灾害的基础上,选取了坡度、坡向、工程地质岩组、岸坡结构、断裂构造等9个影响因子作为评价指标,对研究区滑坡灾害的发育分布规律进行了分析研究,并采用AHP-CF法建立了滑坡灾害危险性评价模型,利用GIS空间分析功能得出了研究区滑坡地质灾害危险性分区。通过检验曲线验证滑坡地质危险性评价结果可知,AUC值为80%。 相似文献
20.
Giovanni Gullà Dario Peduto Luigi Borrelli Loredana Antronico Gianfranco Fornaro 《Landslides》2017,14(1):171-188
The geometric and kinematic characterization of landslides affecting urban areas is a challenging goal that is routinely pursued via geological/geomorphological method and monitoring of ground displacements achieved by geotechnical and, more recently, advanced differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (A-DInSAR) data. Although the integration of all the above-mentioned methods should be planned a priori to be more effective, datasets resulting from the independent use of these different methods are commonly available, thus making crucial the need for their standardized a posteriori integration. In this regard, the present paper aims to provide a contribution by introducing a procedure that, taking into account the specific limits of geological/geomorphological analyses and deep/surface ground displacement monitoring via geotechnical and A-DInSAR data, allows the a posteriori integration of the results by exploiting their complementarity for landslide characterization. The approach was tested in the urban area of Lungro village (Calabria region, southern Italy), which is characterized by complex geological/geomorphological settings, widespread landslides and peculiar urban fabric. In spite of the different level of information preliminarily available for each landslide as result of the independent use of the three methods, the implementation of the proposed procedure allowed a better understanding and typifying of the geometry and kinematics of 50 landslides. This provided part of the essential background for geotechnical landslide models to be used for slope stability analysis within landslide risk mitigation strategies. 相似文献