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1.
近2000年来云南洱海沉积记录的气候变化   总被引:14,自引:2,他引:14  
对云南洱海湖泊岩心沉积物进行了多环境指标的分析,建立了近2000a来云南洱海流域气候与环境变化的序列:气候演化具有暖干、冷湿交替的组合特点,不同于东亚季风区黄土沉积记录的冷干-暖湿气候组合特征。一些特征气候阶段如中世纪温暖期、小冰期气候特征在洱海湖泊沉积记录中均有反映。洱海湖泊沉积记录的暖干、冷湿气候交替变化规律反映了西南季风影响下的气候演化特征,具有一定的普遍性。  相似文献   

2.
中更新世以来新疆罗布泊地区气候演化过程   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
综合罗布泊LS2孔的碳酸盐含量、总有机碳、总氮和碳氮比的多指标分析,重建了该地区中更新世以来的沉积环境和气候环境的演化过程。结果表明,中更新世以来罗布泊地区沉积环境经历了中更新世的浅湖相沉积(厚度为12m)—滨湖相沉积(厚度约为46m)—浅湖相沉积(厚度为11m)—滨湖相沉积(厚度为28m)—晚更新世至今的滨湖相向风成相沉积(厚度约为18m)环境的演变过程;气候演化过程可以分为7个阶段:阶段Ⅰ(深度115~103m)气候由暖干向冷干气候转变;阶段Ⅱ(深度103~82m)冷湿和暖干交替变化;阶段Ⅲ(深度82~67m)气候相对暖干;阶段Ⅳ(深度67~57m)气候冷湿;阶段Ⅴ(深度57~46m.)气候温暖且偏干;阶段Ⅵ(深度46~18m)气候主要在冷湿背景下夹有3次暖干的气候波动;阶段Ⅶ(深度18~0m)气候干旱化加剧。该研究表明,中更新世时期罗布泊地区沉积环境以浅湖相—滨湖相为主,并在晚更新世发展为以风成相堆积为主;气候变化的水热组合形式主要遵循着"冷湿—暖干"的变化模式。  相似文献   

3.
试论青藏高原第四纪沉积地球化学演化与环境变迁   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
本文扼要介绍最近几年青藏高原第四纪沉积物的元素地球化学、同位素地球化学、有机地球化学和矿物学及其与气候环境关系研究的一些新进展。青藏高原第四纪沉积地球化学信息综合分析,初步建立了长、短期时间尺度的气候曲线。揭示了青藏高原强烈隆升引起的气候环境配制的改变,即在3.40-0.73MaB,P.高原强烈隆升,亚洲季风稳定形成,气候以干冷、湿暖型波动为主;0.73MaB.P.以来高原再次强烈隆升,气候环境愈趋干旱;进入全新世以来,出现凉干、暖干、暖湿和冷湿的多种气候波动模式。在空间格局上划分二个地球化学沉积区,即西藏和新疆为富镁区;青海为富钾区。还揭示了青藏高原湖泊沉积地球化学的分带性,其分带规律与高原隆起的差异性是一致的。此外,青藏地区风化壳和古土壤的地球化学演化与高原古气候变迁也有紧密联系。  相似文献   

4.
利用湖泊自生碳酸盐δ18Ο、δ13C指标,研究了青藏高原东部边缘若尔盖盆地90万年来的环境演化特征,划分了23个气候阶段,并与黄土记录及深海记录进行了比较。结果显示,各记录90万年来气候演化阶段及变化趋势具有较好的可比性,但环境特点也存在较大的差异。表明90万年来若尔盖地区气候变化具有全球一致性的同时也存在有明显的区域特征。RM孔记录显示在23、17、12等阶段暖而不湿,而18、16等阶段冷而不干,钻孔记录揭示的6阶段环境特征也是不同于其它任何记录。另外,在700—480kaB.P.时段气候以冷湿暖干为主,明显不同于此时段前后各期的气候特征,也与黄土高原黄土—古土壤系列所揭示的冷干暖湿型气候格局形成鲜明的对照,显示了明显的区域特征。  相似文献   

5.
分析了南3蝇岩心中常量元素和微量元素特征,证实Mg,K和Na等元素之高含量值与暖期有关,低值均出现出现在凉期内,在K和Na,Cd和Sr,Li和Ba以及Ni和B之间存在明显的相关性,以井深469cm为界,其界线上下的元素特征有明显不同,意味着约在698AD前后,环境发生明显的变化。  相似文献   

6.
云南中甸纳帕海湖泊记录指示的57ka环境演化   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
根据沉积环境,总有机碳,氢指数,有机碳同位素,磁化率和粒度等替代性指标以及和陆地,深海气候记录的对比,重建了纳帕海57kaBP以来的湖面变化和主要气候演化阶段,57-32kaBP主要为低湖面和频繁的湖面波动,与气候的暖偏干/凉偏湿交替有关。32-15kaBP湖面大幅度上升,出现相对高湖面,气温下降,有效湿度增加,全新世湖盆的萎缩与持续的暖偏干气候有关,这种冷湿-暖干气候与滇西北特殊的地形地貌造成大气环流的独特性有关。  相似文献   

7.
近2600年神农架大九湖泥炭的气候变化记录   总被引:24,自引:2,他引:24  
神农架大九湖沼泽泥炭柱状样提供了分辨率为25a的约2600a来的气候变化记录。对样品进行了环境磁学参数测量、X射线荧光分析(XRF)、孢粉鉴定和统计建模,结果表明,大九湖气温的变化曲线与竺可桢中国东部的物候温度曲线以及格陵兰氧同位素变化曲线大体一致,与青藏高原东部希门错湖泊沉积物温度代用指标的变化曲线也十分相似。特别是550—1300AD间的相对温暖期,与竺可桢首次提出来的中国东部隋唐温暖期(约600-1000AD)和欧洲的中世纪暖期(930-1240AD)在时间跨度上大致对应。可划分为4个阶段:(1)600BC—550AD,气候相对冷湿;(2)550—1300AD,气候相对凉干;(3)1300—1900AD,气候又转变为冷湿,其中最冷期1400—1900AD可与欧洲的小冰期对应;(4)1900AD至今,气候又开始转向相对凉干。同时发现低频磁化率χlf与铁元素含量之比(χlf/Fe)的变化曲线与利用孢粉分析数据恢复的大九湖气候变化曲线对应得很好,特别是二者都清晰地显示了500—1300AD为一相对暖期。这预示着χlf/Fe可能是泥炭剖面的一个更好的气候记录代用指标。  相似文献   

8.
泥岩的元素特征能够较好地保存于原始沉积记录。为了明确恩平21洼文昌组泥岩元素地球化学特征及其与有机质富集的关系,选择YJ-1井文昌组10个泥岩岩屑样品,开展有机碳、常量元素和微量元素测试。在分析常量、微量元素地球化学特征的基础上,利用元素地球化学方法,系统分析洼陷文昌期古气候、古水深、古氧相和古生产力等古环境指标。文昌组泥岩元素平均含量对UCC(Upper Continental Crust)做标准化处理,恩平21洼文昌组泥岩具有富集Al2O3、K2O和MnO,贫CaO、MgO和Na2O;富Li、Be、Zn、Rb、Cs、Ba、Pb、Th和U,贫Sr、V和Cr的特征。古环境指标显示恩平21洼文昌期气候属于温暖湿润-温热潮湿,湖泊水深相对较深,纵向水深变化小,水体分布稳定,水体以还原环境为主,古生产力相对较高,但纵向差异大。泥岩有机碳含量与古生产力参数相关性较差,而与水体还原性之间具有较好的正相关关系,表明有机质富集受控于水体的氧化还原程度,水体还原条件有利于有机质的保存,有机质富集属于“保存模式”。进一步分析显示,古气候条件是文昌组有机质富集的关键性因素,温热潮湿的...  相似文献   

9.
Keen曾报道海水中水合氧化钛能与十几种元素发生离子交换作用,其中包括了铜,但它在“微量元素”中,其富集系数属最小的。我们已经研究过海水中铬(Ⅲ)和铀(Ⅵ)在水合氧化钛上的离子交换反应,它们的富集系数则在十几个元素中  相似文献   

10.
对双台子河口潮滩上所采集沉积物样品的微量元素含量进行了测试分析,研究其空间分布特征、元素相关性以及元素组合特征,探索了微量元素在河口潮滩上的迁移富集规律及其控制因素。结果表明:潮滩沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn元素富集,V元素流失;除Ti、Ba、Sr、Zr外,其余11种元素均表现为高潮滩比中低潮滩含量高;R型因子分析识别出3个微量元素组合,分别是Mn、Rb、Co、Cu等为代表的亲铁亲铜的元素组合,Sr、Ba等与含钾矿物有关的元素组合和Nb、Y等与细粒黏土有关的元素组合。  相似文献   

11.
用等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)分析了珠江马口站和三水站1997-1998年度3个典型水文时段径流悬移质中部分金属元素的含量,同时用元素分析仪测定了其中的有机碳、氮的含量,结果表明,在不同性质的水文动力条件下,流域侵蚀产出的河流悬移质的化学组成发生了变化,这主要缘于有机质在悬移质中所占质量分数的差别。汛期增强的水文动力主要表现为对流域土壤矿物的优先侵蚀,虽然有机质的总侵蚀量也同时增加,但在悬移质中的质量分数却相对减少,而在枯水期较弱的水文动力条件下,河流悬移质中有机质的质量分数增加,悬移质中的有机质对液相中的部分重金属元素产生较矿物更大的吸附作用。  相似文献   

12.
The Late Triassic mudstones are considered to be the most significant hydrocarbon source rocks (TOC: 0.54%–3.29%) in the North Qiangtang Depression, eastern Tethys. Here, we present geochemical data from the Woruo Mountain Carnian mudstones, in order to investigate their paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, and provenance and to analyze the mechanism of organic material accumulation. The paleoclimate condition was warm and humid during the Carnian mudstones deposition, as indicated by moderate chemical index of alteration (CIA; 73–76), which may be connected with the Late Triassic Carnian stage global climate event in the Tethys. The low U/Th (0.17–0.25) and Corg/Ptot (7–33) ratio values and moderate manganese contents, reflect the oxidizing conditions during the Carnian mudstones deposition. The relatively high primary productivity in this study is supported by the relatively high P concentrations. The Al2O3–(CaO* + Na2O)–K2O ternary plot and Th/Sc–Zr/Sc crossplot reflect that the source areas have undergone a medium chemical weathering with weak sedimentary recycling. The TiO2–Zr, Co/Th–La/Sc, La/Th–Hf, and La/Yb–∑REE bivariate diagrams indicate that the provenance of Carnian mudstones was primarily from felsic igneous rocks. The collision setting has been identified based on the multi-major elements discriminate plots in the present study. The Riwanchaka and Mayigangri masses to the southwest and south of the study area consisting mainly of Middle-Triassic granodiorite and Late-Triassic granite are likely responsible for supplying provenance to the Woruo Mountain Carnian mudstones, which have similar REE patterns. The relatively high TOC contents of Carnian mudstones are related to high paleoproductivity and fast sedimentation rates, which will lead to preservation of some organic matter even when bottom waters are completely oxidizing. The detrital input during the Carnian mudstones deposition would result in dilution of organic matter.  相似文献   

13.
西太平洋边缘海区元素地层学研究及其古海洋学意义   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5  
应用X射线萤光能谱对西太平洋边缘海区的4个钻孔的沉积物进行了元素分析。结果表明,元素在地层中的分布方式与气候变化有极大关系,存在两种模式:CaCO_3溶解区元素高含量与气候暖期一致;CaCO_3保存区,元素高含量段与气候寒冷区相对应,因此元素在地层中的分布有明确的古海洋学意义。利用元素在地层中的分布,对深海地层进行气候地层学划分与对比精度很高,称之为元素地层学。  相似文献   

14.
极端干旱区黄土土壤容重的测量及其古气候意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄土和古土壤的容重,不仅可以反映东亚冬、夏季风强度的变化,而且还是计算粉尘沉积通量的基础,因此,在古气候研究以及亚洲内陆干旱化重建过程中具有重要的意义。目前,黄土土壤容重的研究大都集中在黄土高原地区,而作为黄土高原主要源区的中国西北内陆极端干旱区,关于土壤容重的测量方法以及古气候意义涉及的较少。在前人研究的基础上,提出了适合亚洲内陆极端干旱区黄土容重测量的理想方法,并发现该区的黄土容重值同粒度以及磁化率的变化均呈明显的负相关关系,这与黄土高原有很大的不同。进一步的分析表明,在极端干旱区,黄土容重的变化主要反映了源区干旱程度的变化,季风强度对容重的影响微弱。  相似文献   

15.
长江三角洲的CM和HM孔揭示了冰后期以来的河床相、河漫滩—河口湾相、浅海相和三角洲相的沉积环境。钻孔的有机碳、总氮和有机碳同位素δ13C以及碳酸盐组成在不同沉积相中变化规律不一致,基本上落在现代长江主要支流和干流的沉积有机质组成范围内,而偏离河口地区的表层沉积有机质组成,反映长江流域的高等植被是三角洲冰后期沉积有机质的主要来源,而水生生物有机质的贡献较少。冰后期早期河床相和晚期三角洲相的沉积有机质组成变化要大于中间的河漫滩、河口湾到浅海相沉积。冰后期沉积有机质和碳酸盐组成基本上可以反映冰后期长江流域的古气候变化特征,主要的古气候波动变化与孢粉研究结果相似;但全新世大暖期和古洪水等气候变化事件在沉积有机质组成上的反映不显著。显然,河口三角洲地区由于陆海相互作用强烈,沉积地层不连续,且沉积有机质来源比较复杂和沉积环境变化大,运用全岩有机元素和有机碳同位素以及CaCO3组成指示古环境有相当的难度和多解性,需要寻找更敏感与可靠的古气候与古环境的替代指标。  相似文献   

16.
对深圳湾北岸新民钻孔岩心沉积物中铁、钒元素、矿物鉴定的伊利石以及生物指标贝类介壳揭示的环境特征资料进行了分析,研究初步表明,该钻孔岩心沉积物理深12.12~10.91m层段的杂色花斑粘土中存有晚更新世晚期至早全新世气候波动的记录。钒元素和伊利石分析也得到了相应的证实。所记录的短期降温和升温事件可能表明,在第四纪末次冰期-冰消期中,气候曾强烈波动,并逐渐由晚冰期向冰后期过渡。这对研究晚武木冰期最低海面时期以来,海面回升及晚更新世晚期/早全新世的古环境方气候影响提供有价值的资料。  相似文献   

17.
南海南部约30 ka来沉积有机质的生物输入特征   总被引:7,自引:4,他引:7  
对位于南沙海区的1962柱状样中的有机质进行了热解色谱分析,估算了沉积有机质中水生生物输入和陆源生物输入的变化情况,得出了两种输入的高分辨率的堆积速率曲线,并依此探讨了有关的古海洋事件。发现Younger Dryas、Heinrich及Bond周期事件在本海区皆有表现,说明“西太平洋暖池”在末次冰期是不稳定的。  相似文献   

18.
A technique of net sampling of zooplankton at night in the Kandalaksha and Dvinskii Bays and during the full tide in the Onezhskii Bay of the White Sea allowed us to obtain “clean” samples without considerable admixtures of terrigenous suspension. The absence of elements-indicators of the terrigenous suspension (Al, Ti, and Zr) in the EDX spectra allows concluding that the ash composition of the tested samples is defined by the constitutional elements comprising the organic matter and integument (chitin, shells) of planktonic organisms. A quantitative assessment of the accumulation of a large group of chemical elements (approximately 40) by zooplankton based on a complex of modern physical methods of analysis is presented. The values of the coefficient of the biological accumulation of the elements (Kb) calculated for the organic matter and the enrichment factors (EF) relative to the Clarke concentrations in the shale are in general determined by the mobility of the chemical elements in the aqueous solution, which is confirmed by the calculated chemical speciation of the elements in the inorganic subsystem of the surface waters of Onezhskii Bay.  相似文献   

19.
Organic-rich black shale of the Upper Yangtze Basin from the Late Ordovician and Early Silurian is considered an excellent source rock in South China. The formation and preservation conditions of this resource are revealed by its geochemical characteristics in this study. Geochemical indices, including redox indices (V/(V + Ni), V/Cr, V/Sc, and Ni/Co) and primary productivity indices (P/Ti and Ba/Al), and paleoclimate, clastic flux and sedimentary rate analyses are presented to investigate the accumulation mechanism of organic matter. Redox indices suggest that a stagnant, anoxic environment predominated in the Upper Yangtze Basin during accumulation of Wufeng and Longmaxi formations. In contrast, ventilated and oxygenated marine conditions pervaded the Upper Yangtze Basin during deposition of Linxiang and Guanyinqiao formations. The concentrations of V and U demonstrate that accumulation of organic matter was mainly controlled by redox conditions. Besides, such factors as clastic fluxes, fresh water inflows or a mixed deposition with a rapid sedimentary rate cannot be ignored due to their influences on organic matter enrichment and preservation. However, weak co-variance relationship of TOC content and productivity proxies, including P/Ti and Ba/Al, demonstrates that the accumulation of organic matter was not controlled by primary productivity. Results of the present study suggest a depositional model that stresses the importance of tectonic movements and glacial events on the accumulation and preservation of organic matter. The model shows that the Upper Yangtze Basin was a semi-restricted basin system influenced by the isolation of Xuefeng, but also it implies that oxygen-depleted bottom water of the basin favored the accumulation and preservation of sedimentary organic matter, resulting in the formation of organic-rich black shale.  相似文献   

20.
Late-Quaternary sections (about 1 Ma) from the Congo deep-sea fan (ODP Leg 175, site 1075) were used to reconstruct the terrigenous organic matter supply to the easternmost equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Variations in quantity and quality of the riverine organic matter reflect the interaction between the paleoclimatic development within the continental catchment area and the paleoceanographic conditions in the Congo river plume. To characterize the delivery of organic matter from terrigenous and marine sources, we used elemental and bulk carbon isotopic analyses, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, lignin chemistry, and organic petrology. High-amplitude fluctuations occurring about every 15-25 ka reveal a mainly precessional control on organic sedimentation. Results from Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicate a mixed kerogen type III/II, as would be anticipated in front of a major river. Fluctuations in Tmax from Rock-Eval pyrolysis demonstrate pronounced cyclic changes in the delivery of low- and high-mature organic matter. Contribution of the low-mature organic fraction was strongest during warm climates supporting enhanced marine production offshore of the Congo. Organic petrological observations confirm the existence of abundant terrigenous plant tissues, both non-oxidized (vitrinite) and oxidized (inertinite). Charcoal-like organic matter (fusinite) is attributed to periods of increased bush fires in the continental hinterland, and implies more arid climatic conditions. Results from ratios of specific phenolic lignin components suggest that terrigenous organic matter in Late-Quaternary sections of site 1075 mainly derives from non-woody angiosperm tissue, i.e., grasses and leaves. Correlation between the amount of specific lignin phenols and the bulk '13Corg signature fosters the conclusion that an appreciable amount of the terrigenous organic fraction derives from C4 plant matter. This may cause an underestimation of the terrigenous proportion of bulk organic matter when assessments are based on bulk carbon isotopic signatures alone.  相似文献   

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