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1.
采用磷酸镁水泥（MPC）对铅污染土进行固化/稳定化处理。基于无侧限抗压强度试验和渗透试验,研究了MPC添加量、水土比对固化污染土强度及渗透特性的影响规律。结果表明,固化土的强度随MPC添加量增加而增大,渗透系数减小;水土比对固化土的强度及渗透特性的影响均存在临界值,为0.45。低于临界值时,固化土的强度随着水土比的增加而增加,渗透系数随着水土比的增加而减小。压汞试验（MTP）结果表明,随MPC添加量的增大,固化土孔隙体积减小,水土比不超过临界值时,固化土孔隙体积随着水土比的增大而减小。扫描电镜试验结果表明,随着MPC添加量的增加,土颗粒团聚化越明显,胶结程度加强;水土比不超过临界值时,土颗粒团聚体增多。镁钾磷酸盐晶体（MKP）主要通过减少孔径大于1 ?m的孔隙体积来影响固化土的强度和渗透特性。 相似文献
2.
微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）作用是一种新型的土体改良技术。钙源作为MICP反应中重要的反应物,对微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积的效果有重要的影响。目前应用最广泛的钙源——氯化钙（CaCl2）,具有成本高,环境污染性大的缺点。为此,文章提出利用石灰石粉提取钙源,通过在石灰石粉中加入乙酸溶液,释放钙离子用于微生物固化土体。通过开展无侧限抗压强度试验以及微观结构的扫描电镜观测、碳酸钙含量测定等分析,验证利用石灰石粉提取的钙源用于微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积作用固化土体的可行性,同时与醋酸钙和氯化钙固化砂柱进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：（1）石灰石粉用于微生物固化土体具有可行性,固化后砂柱的强度和碳酸钙含量较高,结构完整性高;（2）不同钙源固化砂柱的力学特性不同但均呈典型的脆性破坏模式,其中醋酸钙固化砂柱的无侧限抗压强度略高于石灰石钙源固化砂柱,氯化钙固化砂柱的无侧限抗压强度则远低于前两者且表面更加粗糙,孔隙更多,破坏后的完整性更低;（3）不同钙源固化砂柱的碳酸钙含量不同。醋酸钙和石灰石钙源固化砂柱的碳酸钙含量相近,而氯化钙固化砂柱中碳酸钙含量较低。不同钙源固化砂柱的碳酸钙含量和无侧限抗压强度基本呈正相关关系;（4）醋酸钙和石灰石钙源固化砂柱中砂土颗粒的表面和接触点间均沉积大量碳酸钙,碳酸钙晶体主要为薄片状堆叠的方解石。氯化钙固化砂柱中碳酸钙沉积量低于前两者,碳酸钙晶体主要为六面体状的方解石;（5）不同钙源主要通过影响微生物成矿过程的晶型、晶貌、晶体含量、晶体分布及胶结特征来改变固化效果。 相似文献
3.
为防治漫顶引起侵蚀造成堤坝破坏,将微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀即MICP技术应用于加固堤坝表层。通过向堤坝表层喷洒微生物细胞以及营养盐,最终在砂土孔隙中快速析出碳酸钙胶凝结晶,以改善堤坝表层砂的力学性能。首先,采用喷洒法处理堤坝表层;其次,对处理好的堤坝模型进行水槽试验,研究其抗侵蚀性;最后,对堤坝表层的试样进行强度与渗透试验。试验结果表明,采用MICP技术加固堤坝模型表层可有效提高其抗侵蚀力,防治由漫顶引起的堤坝破坏。对加固后的表层取样进行测试,结果表明：无侧限抗压强度可高达9 MPa,渗透系数从4×10?4 m/s 降低至7.2×10?7 m/s。试验说明,微生物胶结技术在加固堤坝表层方面具有潜在的工程实用价值和广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
4.
缓冲／回填材料——砂-膨润土混合物研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
砂-膨润土混合物已被很多核能国家选为核废物地质处置库中理想的缓冲/回填材料。膨润土中加入砂可提高热传导系数和强度,维持适当的膨胀力,使其工程上易于处理并节省成本;但同时会导致其阻水能力和自愈性减弱。研究表明,影响砂-膨润土混合物以上各性质的主要因素为：砂/膨润土配合比、初始含水量、干密度等,它们综合决定着砂/膨润土最优配合比的选取。石英砂对混合物的渗透性、热传导性、强度等的影响,最优配合比选取,以及非饱和状态下吸力变化对混合物渗透性的影响等,应该是今后一段时间内砂-膨润土混合物研究的重点。 相似文献
5.
采用磷酸镁水泥（MPC）对铅污染土进行固化/稳定化处理。基于无侧限抗压强度试验、渗透试验和浸出试验,研究了养护龄期和铅含量对污染土固稳性能的影响规律。试验结果表明：固化土的强度随养护龄期增加而增大,渗透系数和浸出浓度减小,7 d龄期的固化土强度和浸出浓度分别为0.36 MPa、1.75 mg/L,均满足环境安全标准;铅含量对固化土的强度及渗透特性的影响均存在临界值,为500 mg/kg。铅含量低于临界值时,固化土的强度随着铅含量的增加而增加,渗透系数随着铅含量的增加而减小。浸出浓度随铅含量的增加而增加,但浸出浓度均低于浸出安全标准。压汞试验结果表明,随养护龄期的增大,固化土孔隙体积减小,铅含量不超过临界值时,固化土孔隙体积随着铅含量的增大而减小。扫描电镜试验结果表明：随着养护龄期的增加,土颗粒团聚化越明显,胶结程度加强;铅含量不超过临界值时,土颗粒团聚体增多。镁钾磷酸盐晶体（MKP）主要通过减少孔径大于0.1 ?m的孔隙体积来影响固化土的渗透特性。 相似文献
6.
Yahia E.-A. Mohamedzein Mohammed Y. Al-Aghbari 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(6):1335-1344
Dune sands are problematic soils because they have low shear strength and are susceptible to collapse upon wetting. Dosages of municipal solid waste incinerator ash between 10 and 80?% were used to improve the engineering properties of dune sands. The soil-ash mixtures were allowed to cure for periods from 7 to 90?days. Laboratory tests such as compaction, unconfined compression, shear box and hydraulic conductivity tests were performed to measure the engineering characteristics of the stabilized material. The results showed that the maximum dry density remains approximately constant up to ash content of 30?% and then it decreases with the increase in ash content. The optimum water content increases with the increase in ash content. The unconfined compressive strength substantially increases with ash content up to 30?% and then decreases with the increase in ash content. The angle of friction follows similar trend to the unconfined compressive strength. However, the cohesion shows a steady increase with the ash content. The hydraulic conductivity of the stabilized material consistently decreases with the increase in the ash content. The effect of curing time on the hydraulic conductivity is minimal after 7?days of curing time. However, the unconfined compressive strength and the cohesion slightly increased with curing time up to 90?days. 相似文献
7.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):86-96
This laboratory project aims to investigate the influence of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) grout injection on sandy soil improvement. In order to make the polymeric material injectable through the soil particles, adhesive polymer is mixed with water in certain weight percentages. Fine grained sand with different dry densities in its loose, medium and dense state, is prepared in a cylindrical mould and subjected to this polymeric grout injection. Unconfined compression tests are conducted on grouted samples after passing their curing period. Results illustrate that increasing the polymer percent in grout leads to significant compressive strength and elastic modulus enhancement. On the other hand, by increasing grout concentration, loose sand demonstrated higher compressive strength and elastic modulus improvement in comparison with medium and dense sand. 相似文献
8.
聚氨酯是一种高聚物,可以通过填充孔隙、胶结土颗粒的作用达到提高强度和整体性的目的。采用聚氨酯对海砂进行固化处理,设计无侧限抗压强度试验和三轴剪切试验,分析不同胶凝时间和不同固化剂含量下固化海砂的强度特性和变形特性。试验结果表明,随着胶凝时间的增加,固化海砂的强度提高,在固化时间3 h时就可达到稳定强度的80%以上,并且在试验所采取的质量比范围内,质量比越高,固化效果越好;聚氨酯泡沫填充到孔隙中使颗粒之间的咬合力增大,增强了黏聚力;颗粒重排列的阻力增大,使得海砂抵抗变形的能力增加,峰值强度提高,静力特性发生明显变化。 相似文献
9.
The combined effect of clay and moisture content on the behavior of remolded unsaturated soils 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Naser A. Al-Shayea 《Engineering Geology》2001,62(4):319-342
The behavior of unsaturated clayey soil is highly influenced by the coupled interaction between water and clay content. Various aspects of the behavior of artificial clay–sand mixtures with variable water content were experimentally studied. Laboratory tests were utilized for the determination of consistency limits, the stress–strain relationship, strength parameters, hydraulic conductivity, and volume change characteristics for various combinations of water and clay content in soil mixtures.
Results presented for various clay–sand mixtures include: new normalized consistency limits; the combined effect of clay content and water content on the stress–strain relationship and on the strength parameters (c and φ); and the effect of clay content on hydraulic conductivity and swelling potential. The cohesion of clayey sand is found to increase with increasing water content to a certain limit, above which it decreases. The angle of internal friction for clayey sand is found generally to decrease with increasing water content. The degree of saturation is found to be better than the water content in explaining the strength behavior. The hydraulic conductivity sharply decreases with increasing clay content up to 40% beyond which the reduction becomes less significant. Simple empirical equations are proposed for predicting the swelling potential of clayey soils as a function of either the clay content or plasticity index. 相似文献
10.
本文采用高分子固化剂和聚丙烯纤维对砂土进行复合加固,通过对不同聚丙烯纤维含量、固化剂含量和干密度的重塑试样进行抗拉试验,测量试样破坏时的最大拉应力,对比不同试样抗拉强度的变化规律,并结合扫描电镜对复合加固机理进行较为深入的分析。试验结果表明,高分子固化剂和聚丙烯纤维的复合加固能够显著提高砂土的抗拉强度,纤维含量、固化剂含量和干密度对改良砂土的抗拉强度均具有较大的影响。当干密度和高分子固化剂含量一定时,砂土抗拉强度随纤维含量的增加逐渐增加,当固化剂含量为4%,干密度为1.5 g·cm-3时,纤维含量从0.2%到0.8%,抗拉强度从79.06 kPa增加到194.51 kPa;当干密度和纤维含量一定时,砂土抗拉强度随着高分子固化剂含量的增加而增加,当纤维含量为0.8%,干密度为1.5g·cm-3时,固化剂含量从1%到4%,抗拉强度从63.16 kPa增加到194.51 kPa;当高分子固化剂含量和纤维含量一定时,抗拉强度随着干密度的增加先增加后减小,在干密度为1.55 g·cm-3左右达到峰值。复合加固结合物理和化学加固的优点,通过纤维在颗粒间的相互作用力和固化剂在颗粒间的联结力,从而提高改良砂土的抗拉性能。本研究结果为进一步研究砂土复合加固及其工程应用提供一定的参考依据。 相似文献
11.
Amer A. Al-Rawas Yahia E-A. Mohamedzein Abdulaziz S. Al-Shabibi Salem Al-Katheiri 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1365-1383
Absrtract This paper investigates the potential use of sand–attapulgite (palygorskite) mixtures as a landfill liner. The sand and attapulgite
clay used in this study were brought from Wahiba (eastern Oman) and Al-Shuwamiyah (southern Oman), respectively. Initially
the basic properties of the sand and clay were determined. Then the attapulgite clay was added to the sand at 5, 10, 20 and
30% by dry weight of the sand. The sand–attapulgite clay mixtures were subjected to mineralogical, chemical, microfabric and
geotechnical analyses. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) qualitative analysis showed that attapulgite is the major clay mineral.
The chemical compounds, exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity (CEC) for the␣samples were determined. The CEC for
the sand–clay mixtures is low but increases with the increase in clay content. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination
showed that the addition of clay developed coating between and around the sand grains which results in filling the voids and
reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the sand–clay mixtures. The hydraulic conductivity values for the pure clay and sand
+ 30% clay mixture prepared at 2% above optimum water content are slightly higher than hydraulic conductivity requirements
for landfill liners but can be acceptable. The geotechnical study which included grain size distribution, Atterberg limits,
specific gravity, compaction, hydraulic conductivity and shear strength tests showed that the sand+30% clay mixture prepared
at 2% above optimum water content can be considered to satisfy the requirements for landfill liners. For all sand–clay mixtures
no swelling was recorded and the addition of clay to the sand improved the shear strength. 相似文献
12.
Gap-graded granular soils are used as construction materials worldwide, and their hydraulic conductivity depends on their relative content of coarse and fine grains, initial conditions, and particle shape. In this study, a series of constant head hydraulic conductivity tests were performed on gap-graded granular soils with different initial relative densities, fine contents, and particle shapes. The test results show that the hydraulic conductivity decreases with an increase in fine fraction and then remains approximately constant beyond the “transitional fine content.” The role of the structural effect on the hydraulic conductivity is different from that on the mechanical properties (such as stiffness and shear strength). This can be attributed to the degree of filling within inter-aggregate voids, disturbance of soil structure, and densified fine bridges between coarse aggregates. The equivalent void ratio concept was introduced into the Kozeny–Carman formula to capture the effect of fines (aggregates) on the “coarse-dominated” (“fine-dominated”) structure, and a simple model is proposed to capture the change of hydraulic conductivity of gap-granular soils. The model incorporates a structural variable to capture the effect of fines on “coarse-dominated” structure and coarse aggregates on “fine-dominated” structure. The performance of the model was verified with experimental data from this study and previously reported data compiled from the literature. The results reveal that the proposed model is simple yet effective at capturing the hydraulic conductivity of gap-graded granular soils with a wide range of fine contents, initial conditions, and particle shapes.
相似文献13.
14.
为制备具有力学性质递变特征的相似材料试样,本文通过水泥石膏相似材料的配比试验,得到了两种骨料(标准砂和河沙)相似材料力学性质与配比间的关系.在拟合河沙相似材料的室内力学测试数据的基础上,得到了配比值关于抗压强度和弹性模量的确定公式.试验表明:用水量、成型压力和平均骨料粒径对相似材料的力学性质均有不同程度的影响,在制样过程中需要加以控制; 低强度相似材料的抗拉强度不易控制,而单轴抗压强度和弹性模量对配比的变化有明显响应; 河沙相似材料的力学性质与配比间呈明显的线性关系,而标准砂相似材料存在临界骨料含量和临界水泥含量表现出明显的非线性特征; 在调整配比所能实现的抗压强度和弹性模量的变化范围内,相似材料能够较好地模拟单轴抗压强度大于3MPa的风化岩. 相似文献
15.
Material engineers are continually confronted by depletion of quality construction materials for road and airfield construction.
Even if good quality construction materials for road and airfield are available, the haul costs may preclude their use. Stabilization
of soils in order to improve strength and durability properties often relies on cement, lime, fly ash, and asphalt emulsion.
These materials are inexpensive, relatively easy to apply, and provide benefits to many different soil types. In addition,
there are a variety of nontraditional soil stabilization/modification additives available from the commercial sector such
as polymer emulsions, acids, lignin derivatives, enzymes, tree resin emulsions, and silicates. These additives may be in liquid
or solid state and are often touted to be applicable for most soils. Polymers may be easy to apply in permeable materials
such as sand and may achieve good stabilization in relatively shorter periods of time. These polymer materials can be used
for stabilizing, soil in road shoulders, slopes, and pads of military and emergency airports. In addition, these types of
materials can be used to prevent the movement of the dune sands on the sides of railroads and stabilizing the dust on the
surface of access roads. Within the present research, two different polymers of wide range of dosages have been applied. Following
results have been achieved: (1) These polymers improve the compressive strength from 0.03 N/mm2 for control sample to 5.2 N/mm2
for improved sample. (2) The optimum curing time of dune sands with different polymers is 7 days. (3) The UC strength of stabilized
samples soars with an increase in the temperature, in the first 24 h of the curing process. (4) When the concentration of
salt increased from 1 to 10 percent, UC strength of stabilized samples decreased. 相似文献
16.
The hydraulic conductivity represents an important indicator parameter in the generation and redistribution of excess pore pressure of sand–silt mixture soil deposits during earthquakes. This paper aims to determine the relationship between the undrained shear strength (liquefaction resistance) and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the sand–silt mixtures and how much they are affected by the percentage of low plastic fines (finer than 0.074 mm) and void ratio of the soil. The results of flexible wall permeameter and undrained monotonic triaxial tests carried out on samples reconstituted from Chlef river sand with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 % non-plastic silt at an effective confining pressure of 100 kPa and two initial relative densities (D r = 20, 91 %) are presented and discussed. It was found that the undrained shear strength (liquefaction resistance) can be correlated to the fines content, intergranular void ratio and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results obtained from this study reveal that the saturated hydraulic conductivity (k sat) of the sand mixed with 50 % low plastic fines can be, in average, four orders of magnitude smaller than that of the clean sand. The results show also that the global void ratio could not be used as a pertinent parameter to explain the undrained shear strength and saturated hydraulic conductivity response of the sand–silt mixtures. 相似文献
17.
为了提升微生物固化砂土的效果,考虑火山灰的多孔结构及活性特征,设计进行了火山灰增强微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀（MICP）固化砂土试验,综合宏观物理力学试验和微细观检测,系统分析了火山灰对微生物固化砂土的增强效果及增强机制。结果表明：（1）火山灰能够显著提高砂土微生物加固过程中的固菌率和胶结物产量,火山灰掺量在10%左右达到最佳,与常规MICP相比,固菌率提高了118.28%,胶结物生成量提高了29.55%。（2）火山灰的掺入提高了固化体的抗压强度和抵抗变形的能力,不同围压下固化体的抗压强度提升了52.26%～62.96%,破坏时的应变增加了100.00%～112.58%。（3）火山灰掺入后,固化体的孔隙大小及孔隙率明显减小,整体的密实性及抗渗性能进一步提升,孔隙率从20.12%减小为14.17%,渗透系数降低了一个数量级。（4）火山灰对微生物固化砂土的增强机制主要包括3个方面,一方面,火山灰在砂颗粒间起到了良好的充填作用,大幅减少了颗粒间的大孔隙,使得固化体的密实性增强;另一方面,火山灰良好的吸附作用有效提高了试样内细菌的含量,使固化体碳酸钙的产量及分布的均匀性均增加;第3方面,火山灰中的活性物质参与反应生成的胶凝物质与碳酸钙晶体形成复合凝胶体,使得固化体的胶结性能和密实程度进一步增强。 相似文献
18.
废旧轮胎胶粉用于填埋场衬垫材料改性,是提高衬垫系统有效性和扩展废旧轮胎资源化利用途径的一种手段。以高岭土作为黏性土的代表,开展废旧轮胎胶粉-高岭土混合土的力学和水力学性质试验,重点探讨胶粉掺量及尺寸对混合土渗透性、压缩性和收缩性的影响规律。研究表明,废旧轮胎胶粉-高岭土混合土的渗透系数、压缩系数、回弹指数、固结系数和体缩率等均随胶粉掺入比的增加而增大。高岭土及混合土的无侧限抗压强度大于200kPa,50kPa和200kPa压力下渗透系数满足≤1.0×10-7cm·s-1的要求,均属于中压缩性土,且体缩率小于体积应变合格值4%。与30目胶粉相比,12目胶粉-高岭土混合土压缩性和回弹量较小、固结系数较大,胶粉尺寸对无侧限抗压强度、体缩率和渗透系数的影响不显著。在本文试验条件下,为提高黏土衬垫对有机污染物的吸附能力并满足渗透性、强度及变形的要求,12目25%胶粉改性黏土可作为填埋场黏土衬垫材料。 相似文献
19.
砂-膨润土混合屏障材料渗透性影响因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
膨润土因具有渗透性低、阳离子交换能力高等优点被认为是最适合高放废物深地质处置库中屏障系统的缓冲材料,工程实践发现随着水化过程的进行,纯高压实膨润土强度不断降低,并最终影响到工程屏障系统功能的发挥。针对这一问题,在膨润土中加入一定比例的石英砂,可以有效地提高工程屏障的热传导特性、压实性、力学强度和长期稳定性,降低工程造价。本文研究了影响砂-膨润土混合物渗透性的主要因素,包括膨润土含量、粒径分布、含水量和干密度、压实方法以及膨润土类型等。结果表明,砂土混合物渗透性主要受膨润土的渗透性控制,渗透系数随着膨润土含量和干密度的增加而减小,当膨润土含量超过某一界限值后,继续增加膨润土含量对降低渗透系数的作用有限;细颗粒和级配良好的混合物渗透系数小,当土体内部发生渗透侵蚀将增大渗透系数;最优含水量条件下压实得到的渗透系数最低,高于最优含水量压实得到的渗透系数比低于最优含水量压实得到的渗透系数要小。 相似文献
20.
Mohamed Ahmed Khalil 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(1-2):269-281
Estimation of hydraulic conductivity from surface resistivity measurements is one of the most difficult and challenging hydrogeophysical targets. The promising side of this relation is the analogy between electric current flow and water flow, whereas the grand ambiguity is the non-dimensionality between both two quantities. Imaginary surface conductivity component is used recently to deduce the hydraulic conductivity via complex resistivity measurements. Since there are similar properties between imaginary (out-of-phase) and real (in-phase) surface conductivity components, the latter is used in this paper to predict the hydraulic conductivity. Two mathematical parameters were determined to express the electrical equivalent of hydraulic conductivity in sand and clay systems based on the mode of electrical double-layer formation in both systems. The reliability of the proposed method is tested through applying on two datasets representing sand and clay systems. The first dataset is a clean sand and gravel aquifer in the Keritis basin in Chania, Crete, Greece. The second is mostly clayey sand aquifer in Wadi El-Assuity, Egypt. Application of the present approach in these two cases resulted in promising nearly identical values with the measured hydraulic conductivity via pumping test or geometric hydraulic conductivity via grain size analysis. 相似文献