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1.
Analysis of changes in the vertical distribution of tritium in the Caspian Sea water mass in 1994–1996 led to a conclusion that the sea level fall that started in 1996 was accompanied by a rearrangement of the water mass steady hydrological structure characteristic of the high sea-level stand.__________Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2005, pp. 406–409.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Brezgunov, Ferronskii.  相似文献   

2.
Probability distributions of water flow and its turbidity after passing through water intake structures are considered. Heavy tails with a power distribution are shown to exist. These distributions are used to find the dependence between water turbidity at the inlet to the water station and water flow in the river. Quantiles of these distributions are estimated to characterize the levels of water flow and turbidity with a given exceedance probability.Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 2, 2005, pp. 196–204.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Dolgonosov, Korchagin.  相似文献   

3.
Two main groups of methods used for comprehensive evaluation of continental surface water quality are analyzed. A new method of comprehensive evaluation of the degree of continental surface water contamination, developed by the authors of this paper based on a combination of the differentiated and comprehensive approaches, is described in detail.Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2005, pp. 61–69.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Nikanorov, Yemelyanova.  相似文献   

4.
A system of efficient on-line monitoring of the state of water in surface water bodies is developed. The expediency of using new general-purpose bioassays for the integral express evaluation of the natural-water toxic impact on living organisms is substantiated. Fundamentally new methods of bioassaying with gasteropoda from special laboratory cultures (“PRM-TESTS”) used as test organisms are presented. The results of complex hydrochemical and biological (toxicological) investigations with PRM-TESTS as applied to water bodies in St. Petersburg are discussed.__________Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2005, pp. 425–434.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Kurilenko, Zaitseva.  相似文献   

5.
A method is proposed for calculating the hydrodynamic parameters of flows in water bodies with shallow and deep zones. Calculation of flow parameters in the Sea of Azov is given as an example.Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2005, pp. 55–60.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Chikin.  相似文献   

6.
The results of microbiological water quality monitoring in the Amur and Sungary rivers after a technogenic accident in Tzilin province (China) in November 2005 are considered. Bioindication technique is used to show that various pollutants earlier entered the Amur with the Sungari runoff: low-molecular volatile benzene derivatives entered from November 28 to December 2; naphthalene derivatives entered from November 29 to December 7; and nitrobenzene and high-molecular polyaromatic hydrocarbons entered in December 15–23, 2005. The major portion of pollutants moved along the right bank. The most sensitive to the total pollution by toxic substances were nitrifying bacteria, especially in bottom water layers. The Amur water in the zone of influence of the Sungari was estimated to belong to the IV–V quality class and referred to the categories of “polluted” and “dirty.” The poor quality of Amur water persisted over 9 months throughout the Amur reach from the Sungari mouth to Khabarovsk City.  相似文献   

7.
Methodical principles of recreational studies of reservoirs are discussed. The impact of main types of recreational water use on water quality is revealed using the Ivankovo Reservoir as an example.Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2005, pp. 115–122.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Lantsova, Grigoreva, Tikhomirov.  相似文献   

8.
The seasonal variability of the distribution of dissolved forms of mineral phosphorus and silicon and water alkalinity is studied in the Northern Dvina River mouth. The non-conservative behavior of mineral phosphorus and silicon (presumably caused by the biological consumption of these elements) and the conservative distribution of alkalinity are established. The conservative distribution of alkalinity makes it possible to use the relationship between the values of this parameter and the concentrations of chlorides for the analysis of the genetic structure of water in the desalinized part of the Baltic Sea.__________Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2005, pp. 459–463.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Savenko, Shevchenko.  相似文献   

9.
The regularities of surge-induced water level variations in the Danube mouth are considered. The recurrence of level rises and drops in the near-shore mouth zone is evaluated. The regularities of the propagation of surge-induced level variations into the delta and over the near-delta reach of the Danube are established. The magnitude of positive and negative surges in the delta and the extent of their propagation are shown to depend on the surge phenomena in the offshore zone and the Danube water discharge.Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2005, pp. 35–47.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Isupova, Mikhailov, Morozov.  相似文献   

10.
The results of studying the vertical profile of wind velocity and the vortex-formation mechanism in the atmospheric layer immediately adjacent to the water surface under the condition of developing wind wave are considered. Materials of field and laboratory experiments are used.__________Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2005, pp. 295–300.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Anisimova, Pokazeev, Soboleva, A. Speranskaya, O. Speranskaya.  相似文献   

11.
The results of integrated microbiological studies of the Sheksna Reservoir are presented. The environmental conditions of its water and soil, which are exposed to diverse anthropogenic impact, are assessed. Parts of the reservoir with persistent anthropogenic pollution, which are environmentally unfavorable in terms of the state of silt microflora, are recognized.Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2005, pp. 70–78.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Dzyuban.  相似文献   

12.
Regularities of bacteria distribution in the bottom sediments of the Upper Volga reservoirs are studied. Human-induced changes in the structure and activity of bacteriobenthos communities occurring in water body areas adjacent to towns and settlements are described. Reservoir zones subject to long-term human impact are distinguished.__________Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2005, pp. 489–499.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Kosolapov, Krylova, Kopylov.  相似文献   

13.
Concentration of oil hydrocarbons in the bottom sediments of water bodies in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has been analyzed. Statistical methods have been used to confirm the dependence of contamination level on the frequency of accidents in oil fields. Areas with heavily contaminated bottom sediments have been singled out.Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2005, pp. 85–89.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Moskovchenko.  相似文献   

14.
Comparative analysis is applied to different management methods (compulsion, inducement, persuasion) in two- or three-level dynamic hierarchic models of river water quality in the cases of point sources of pollutants. Conclusions regarding the effect of additional control levels on the behavior of the hierarchic system are made.__________Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2005, pp. 504–511.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Ugol’nitskii, Usov.  相似文献   

15.
The role of wave processes and turbulence in impurity transport, flow interaction with bottom sediments, and the formation and destruction of ice cover was determined on the basis of analysis of field measurement data on flow velocities and water levels in the Rybinsk Headwork tailrace in the presence and absence of water releases in summer and winter.__________Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2005, pp. 274–281.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Debolskii, Dolgopolova, Eshchenko, Kotlyakov, Mordasov, Konov, Koreneva.  相似文献   

16.
The experience of application of special submerged artificial plant for the improvement of the quality of polluted waters in Guanting Reservoir in Northern China is considered. Under the hydrodynamic load of 0.15–0.45 m3/day, the efficiency of organic matter removal (in units of permanganate oxidability CODMn) and NH 4 + -N from water amounted to 50 and 70% in summer and 15 and 50% in winter, respectively. These characteristics were found to decrease with increasing hydrodynamic load and decreasing water temperature.__________Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2005, pp. 500–503.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Liu Hong, Dai Ming-li, Ouyang Wei, Kong Xiang-hui, Liu Pei-bin.  相似文献   

17.
Results of hydrochemical and microbiological studies of five largest water bodies belonging to the Gusino-Ubukunskaya group are presented. Present-day environmental state of the ecosystem subject to anthropogenic load is described. The possibility of using water quality parameters of the investigated lakes as indicators of the degree of contamination of waters flowing into the Baikal Lake is shown.Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2005, pp. 79–84.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Khakhinov, Namsaraev, Ulzetueva, Barkhutova, Abidueva, Banzaraktsaeva.  相似文献   

18.
The active crater of Nakadake at Aso Volcano, southwestern Japan, has been occupied by a lake during its dormant periods. Multiple ash emissions were observed from the crater lake between July 2003 and August 2005. The largest events occurred on 10 July 2003 and 14 January 2004. On 10 July 2003, ash (41 tons) was dispersed throughout an area extending 14 km east-northeast of the vent, and on 14 January 2004 ash (32 tons) extended 8 km to the east-southeast. Thereafter, small ash emissions were frequent at the crater lake, in which the water level fell considerably from April to August 2005. During this period major ash emitting events, producing mostly white aggregated ash, occurred on June 10–12, June 21 (4.2 tons) and July 25 (1.2 tons). Ash emissions at the Nakadake crater in 2003–2005 were classified into three types: gentle release of white aggregated ash from fumaroles inside the crater lake (e.g. daytime of 14 April, 10–12 June and 25 July 2005); emission of black ash from an almost dried-up vent (21 June 2005); and short-time (ca. 20 s) small-explosion-triggered gas-and-ash emission through the crater lake (10 July 2003, 14 January 2004 and 14 April 20h41m 2005). All products from these ash emissions consisted of fine-grained (< 1 mm) glass shards, crystals and lithic fragments, and contained neither lapilli nor blocks. Although the glass shards show varying degrees of crystallization and alteration, clear glass shards, which appear fresh, are probably juvenile materials. These observations suggest that the 2003–2005 ash emissions from the crater lake of Nakadake Volcano are related to newly ascending magma.  相似文献   

19.
The results of an analytical review of publications on the process of inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in groundwater are considered. The process of inactivation is described by a mathematical model based on an exponential dependence. The values of the inactivation rate factor for a number of pathogenic microorganisms are given. Recommendations are given regarding formulas for determining the dependence of the inactivation rate factor of bacteria and viruses on water temperature.Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 2, 2005, pp. 232–237.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Nevecherya, Shestakov, Mazaev, Shlepnina.  相似文献   

20.
Lake Averno is situated in the homonymous crater in the northwestern sector of the Campi Flegrei active volcanic system in Campania region, Italy. In February 2005 a fish kill event was observed in the lake, prompting a geochemical survey to ascertain the possible cause. In February 2005 a geochemical survey revealed that the lake water was unstratified chemically and isotopically, presumably, as a result of lake overturn. This fish kill phenomenon was recorded at least two other times in the past. In contrast to the February 2005 results, data collected in October 2005, shows the Lake Averno to be stratified, with an oxic epilimnion (surface to 6 m) and an anoxic hypolimnion (6 m to lake bottom at about 33 m).  相似文献   

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