共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(4):101383
Groundwater is an important water resource. The total amount of active groundwater in a hydrological cycle is about 3.5 times that of the total amount of surface water. The information in the deep groundwater records the material exchange and dynamics in the earth’s evolution, which is an important aspect of the Deep-Time Digital Earth (DDE) plan. In recent years, scientists have discussed the distribution of transboundary aquifers and the environmental significance of groundwater resources through groundwater databases established by international organizations, such as the Global Groundwater Information System and the chronicles consortium, and national institutes, such as national geological surveys. The application of the groundwater database in the DDE plan, however, has been limited by the management, interactivity, and monitoring method of the groundwater data. The ability to further integrate data that are private and scattered across research institutions and individuals, while establishing an open, unified, and shared groundwater data platform, is essential to enhance our understanding of groundwater, ranging from shallow to deep water, which is a goal of the DDE plan. In this study, we introduced the current situation of groundwater database operations in domestic and international research and provided frontier research with groundwater big data. Considering the related objectives of the DDE plan and the limitations of existing groundwater databases, we proposed an improvement plan and new prospects for applying groundwater databases in the research of the deep earth. 相似文献
2.
在调查取样的基础上,充分利用前人成果资料,应用SPSS及地下水污染分析软件,对莲花山地区区域地质条件、水化学参数空间分布特征、地下水化学类型、地下水化学成因进行分析研究,认为：莲花山地区地下水的硬度较高且矿化度较大;HCO3-浓度的平均值最大,在地下水的离子中占据主导地位;TDS（溶解性总固体）浓度较高且不同区域间浓度相差较大;莲花山地区部分区域偏硅酸、锶达到矿泉水标准,是矿泉水开发潜力区;研究区Na+和K+同时来自岩盐和硅酸岩的溶解;研究区浅层地下水中的Ca2+和Mg2+主要来源于碳酸盐的溶解;莲花山地区浅层地下水发生了阳离子交换作用. 相似文献
3.
Groundwater investigation in the southern part of Gabes using resistivity sounding, southern Tunisia 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Abdelkader Mhamdi Ferid Dhahri Mouez Gouasmia Nadia Inoubli Mohamed Soussi Hamed Ben Dhia 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(2):601-614
The groundwater hydrogeology of southern Tunisia emphasizes two main groundwater bodies so-called Zeuss-Koutine and south Gabes. These groundwater bodies yielding economically important storage of useful water present complex internal architecture and heterogeneity allowing exchange flows throughout permeable or/and fractured bodies. A geophysical survey using resistivity soundings was carried out along this area to describe in detail the field structure and the 3D extent of these groundwater bodies by the hydrogeological new data and detailed subsurface mapping based on resistivity sounding and seismic data. This survey discusses also the potentialities of some permeable layer in water storage and purposes potential favorable areas for optimum groundwater mining. 相似文献
4.
This paper analyzed regional hydrogeochemical evolution characteristics of groundwater with respect to hydrogeological conditions in the Guanzhong Basin, China. Coefficient variation in the subregion between the Shichuan River and Luo River of the Guanzhong Basin is larger than other subregions, reflecting the more complicated hydrogeological conditions of this subregion. The hydrochemical components and hydrodynamic conditions of this area have distinct horizontal zoning characteristics, and hydrodynamic conditions play a controlling role in the groundwater’s hydrochemistry. The relationship between ions, and between ions and TDS (total dissolved solids) can give an indication of many charteristics of grounwater such as evaporation intensity, ion exchange, and the sources of chemical components. Results indicated that for the coefficient of variation (the coefficient of variation is a statistical measure of the distribution or dispersion of data around mean. This measure is used to analyze the difference of spread in the data relative to the mean value. Coefficient of variation is derived by dividing the standard deviation by the mean), the minimum value of pH parameters is 0.03-0.07, the minimum value of HCO3- parameters is 0.24, while the maximum is the SO42- coefficinet at 1.67. A PHREEQC simulation demonstrated that different simulation paths roughly have the same trend in dissolution and precipitation of minerals. Along the direction of groundwater flow, the predminant precipitation is of calcite and gypsum and the cation exchange of Na+ and Ca2+ in some paths. However, in other paths, the precipitation of calcite and dissolution of gypsum and dolomite are the main actions, as well as the exchange of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in addition to Na+ and Ca2+. 相似文献
5.
地下水人工调蓄研究进展与问题 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对国内外地下水调蓄有关资料分析,阐明了地下水库、地下调蓄和人工回灌补给理念之间差异及其关系；阐述了国外地下水人工调蓄研究状况及其发展趋势,回顾了国内地下水人工调蓄发展过程及存在的问题,给出了了地下水调蓄基本原理及其条件；结合我国北方地区水资源面临的危机,提出了急需研究的科学问题。 相似文献
6.
Marc Van Camp Ibrahimu Chikira Mjemah Nawal Al Farrah Kristine Walraevens 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(2):341-356
Management of groundwater resources can be improved by using groundwater models to perform risk analyses and to improve development strategies, but a lack of extensive basic data often limits the implementation of sophisticated models. Dar es Salaam in Tanzania is an example of a city where increasing groundwater use in a Pleistocene aquifer is causing groundwater-related problems such as saline intrusion along the coastline, lowering of water-table levels, and contamination of pumping wells. The lack of a water-level monitoring network introduces a problem for basic data collection and model calibration and validation. As a replacement, local water-supply wells were used for measuring groundwater depth, and well-top heights were estimated from a regional digital elevation model to recalculate water depths to hydraulic heads. These were used to draw a regional piezometric map. Hydraulic parameters were estimated from short-time pumping tests in the local wells, but variation in hydraulic conductivity was attributed to uncertainty in well characteristics (information often unavailable) and not to aquifer heterogeneity. A MODFLOW model was calibrated with a homogeneous hydraulic conductivity field and a sensitivity analysis between the conductivity and aquifer recharge showed that average annual recharge will likely be in the range 80–100 mm/year. 相似文献
7.
水文数据建模和数据共享是流域科学研究的重点工作, 也是"数字流域"研究的基础.目前集成观测数据和环境信息的流域信息基础设施已经成为"数字地球"技术在流域科学方面的重要应用.以水文数据模型和"协同促进水文科学发展大学联盟"水文信息系统(CUAHSI-HIS)为原型, 设计一个适合于黑河流域的集流域地理数据库、 观测系统数据库和数据共享发布系统于一体的流域水文信息系统.系统实现集成各种观测数据类型、 数据来源及观测数据的流域观测数据库, 通过统一地表和地下水的通用数据模型实现流域地表水和地下水信息的一体化存储管理, 同时存储、 组织和在线共享发布流域相关的观测数据和空间数据, 为流域科学研究提供在线生态环境数据的网络服务以及相应的流域观测数据服务, 有效的推动流域科学计划的研究. 相似文献
8.
Application of multiple-point geostatistics on modelling groundwater flow and transport in a cross-bedded aquifer (Belgium) 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Sedimentological processes often result in complex three-dimensional subsurface heterogeneity of hydrogeological parameter values. Variogram-based stochastic approaches are often not able to describe heterogeneity in such complex geological environments. This work shows how multiple-point geostatistics can be applied in a realistic hydrogeological application to determine the impact of complex geological heterogeneity on groundwater flow and transport. The approach is applied to a real aquifer in Belgium that exhibits a complex sedimentary heterogeneity and anisotropy. A training image is constructed based on geological and hydrogeological field data. Multiple-point statistics are borrowed from this training image to simulate hydrofacies occurrence, while intrafacies permeability variability is simulated using conventional variogram-based geostatistical methods. The simulated hydraulic conductivity realizations are used as input to a groundwater flow and transport model to investigate the effect of small-scale sedimentary heterogeneity on contaminant plume migration. Results show that small-scale sedimentary heterogeneity has a significant effect on contaminant transport in the studied aquifer. The uncertainty on the spatial facies distribution and intrafacies hydraulic conductivity distribution results in a significant uncertainty on the calculated concentration distribution. Comparison with standard variogram-based techniques shows that multiple-point geostatistics allow better reproduction of irregularly shaped low-permeability clay drapes that influence solute transport. 相似文献
9.
This article is an attempt to give a brief review on the status of groundwater studies in Egypt, their results, and the present plans for groundwater development that are usually based on the hydrogeological characteristics of the groundwater resources as well as on the environmental control of the discharge area.In terms of groundwater hydrology, Egypt can be divided into the following groundwater provinces: (1) the Western Desert, (2) the Eastern Desert, (3) the Nile Valley including the delta, (4) the Sinai Peninsula, (5) the Northern Coastal Zone, and (6) Wadi El-Natrun.The studies of volume and nature of groundwater and the environmental impact studies that were carried out in each of these provinces differed according to the importance given to development of projects in areas of interest and to the availability of funds. Recent studies and the surveys conducted for groundwater hydrological research by local and international organizations are described separately for each province. Special reference is made to groundwater hydro-geological setting, groundwater resources evaluation, and present and future utilization. The New Valley is the largest Egyptian irrigated agricultural development project that is solely dependent on groundwater resources. An outline showing its nature, objective, and size is included as an example of groundwater development. 相似文献
10.
桂林甑皮岩岩溶地下水硝酸盐来源与转化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
峰林平原是人类活动和居住的密集区，也是岩溶地下水系统的主要径流、排泄地段，地下水资源丰富。随着城市化的发展，地下水硝酸盐污染问题日渐突出。为研究桂林甑皮岩岩溶地下水硝酸盐来源与转化，分别于2018年10月、2019年2月、3月和4月采集地下水样，利用常规水化学及氮氧同位素技术识别硝酸盐来源与转化。结果表明:甑皮岩地下水中NO3-浓度在0~19.523 mg?L-1，δ15N-NO3-和δ18O-NO3-分别在-0.17‰～45.12‰和-5.82‰~16.47‰。硝酸盐氮氧同位素数据表明，甑皮岩地下水硝酸盐来源主要为粪便及污废水，少量来自降雨中的NH4+和土壤有机氮。受岩溶介质不均一性的控制，甑皮岩地下水中NO3-浓度、δ15N-NO3-和δ18O-NO3-均表现出明显的空间变异性。甑皮岩地下水硝酸盐的转化过程复杂，受控于季节和岩溶介质不均一性，表现为旱季以反硝化为主，雨季则以硝化过程为主。厘清硝酸盐来源与转化为治理甑皮岩地下水硝酸盐污染提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
11.
洛阳市浅层地下水硬度的灰色数列预测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
洛阳市浅层地下水硬度上升问题突出。要解决水质硬化问题，必须掌握市区浅层地下水硬度的时空发展趋势。灰色数列预测是一种较好的趋势预测方法，不需要大量数据，而且是一种动态的分析过程。本文将市区的浅层地下水硬度作为灰色量，用已有的硬度数据建立GM（1，1）灰色模型，预测其未来的变化趋势。目的在于为改善洛阳市浅层地下水质，解决水质硬化问题提供一个参考依据。预测结果显示，灰色模型具有较好的预测效果。除局部地段外，洛阳市大部分地方的浅层地下水硬度呈上升趋势；硬度在空间分布上会发生变化。 相似文献
12.
13.
Evaluation of hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of the lower Benue Trough, Nigeria 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of this work is to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of the lower Benue Through
in Nigeria as well as to evaluate the variation in groundwater chemistry data and the suitability of the groundwater for drinking
and other domestic purposes. This was based on chemical analyses of 44 water samples from existing wells and boreholes in
the study area. From the statistical analysis (wide ranges, median and standard deviation), it is obvious that there are significant
variations in the quality/composition of groundwater in the period of sampling. The calculated SAR, Na% and RSC values indicated
that the water is of excellent to good quality and is suitable for irrigation. Na and HCO3 are dominant with respect to the chemical composition of the groundwater. On the basis of water chemistry, hydrochemical
indices and factor analysis the dominant controls or processes affecting the distribution of geochemical variables in the
study area have been shown to be water/rock interaction which is mainly controlled by carbonate and silicate dissolution as
well as anthropogenic influence to a lesser extent. Additional processes include cation exchange reactions and reverse ion
exchange to a minor extent. 相似文献
14.
为了给吉林省白城市地下水资源合理开发利用提供科学依据,运用地下水模拟技术对白城市地下水位变化趋势进行预测。首先在分析研究区水文地质条件的基础上建立水文地质概念模型,将含水系统概化为潜水含水层、越流层和承压含水层,并确定了系统的边界条件。运用地下水模型软件(GMS)对研究区地下水流进行了模拟和预测,预测结果表明在扩大开采的情况下,潜水含水层水位总体下降约1~2 m;随着开采量的增加和时间的增长,含水层在洮儿河扇形地、洮南、研究区东北部、镇赉、大安南部等地相继出现疏干现象,最大降幅达5~6 m。承压含水层在大安南部、镇赉北部等地水位下降较大,但是流场整体降幅不大,总体降幅在0.5 m以内。最后提出了地下水合理开发利用建议。 相似文献
15.
The Palar and Cheyyar River Basins in Tamil Nadu state of Southern India are characterised by different geological formations, and groundwater is the major source for domestic, agricultural and other water-related activities. Hydrogeochemical studies were carried out in this area with the objective of identifying the geochemical processes and their relation to groundwater quality. Groundwater samples were collected once a month from 43 groundwater wells in this area from January 1998 to July 1999. Sampling procedures and chemical analysis were carried out as per the standard methods. Chemical data are used for mathematical calculations and graphical plots to understand the chemical process and its relation to the groundwater quality. The chemical composition of groundwater in the central part of the study area mainly depends on the recharge from lakes and the river, which is explained by a mixing mechanism. In addition, weathering of silicate minerals controls the concentration of major ions such as sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium in the groundwater of this area. Further, the activity ratios indicate that the groundwater is in equilibrium with kaolinite, smectite and montmorrillonite. The reverse ion exchange process controls the concentration of calcium, magnesium and sodium in hard rock formations, and dissolution of carbonate minerals and accessory minerals is the source of Ca and Mg, in addition to cation exchange in the sedimentary formations. In general, the chemical composition of the groundwater in this area is influenced by rock–water interaction, dissolution and deposition of carbonate and silicate minerals, ion exchange, and surface water interactions. 相似文献
16.
太原市地层空间异质性对地面沉降分布的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对比1956～2000年太原市地下水位与地面沉降资料发现,该区地面沉降漏斗与地下水位降落漏斗的空间分布基本相近,但不完全吻合,局部地区存在偏移。通过对黏性土层累计厚度分布、黏性土层与粗颗粒土层的组合特征、不同分区各深度处土的力学特征值与上述偏移的对比分析,认为太原市地层的空间异质性对地面沉降分布有如下影响：（1）与地下水位降落漏斗相比,地面沉降漏斗偏向于黏性土层较厚的一侧;（2）地层组合（黏性土的夹层数、单层厚度等）对地面沉降的空间分布影响较大,沉降多发生在黏性土夹层多、单层厚度较小的地区;（3）土的力学性质的差异是影响沉降分布的重要因素。 相似文献
17.
尕海镇幅位于柴达木盆地东北缘的巴音河山前平原,是1：50 000国际标准图幅。其水文地质图是根据中国地质调查局组织编制并即将颁布实施的《水文地质图编制规范（1：50 000）》的基本要求,结合区内发展建设的需求,利用2016年1：50 000水文地质调查最新获取的尕海镇幅钻孔抽水试验成果数据（本次施工以及收集已有钻孔资料共48个钻孔）,水化学（61个水样）、同位素（12个同位素样）和土壤易溶盐（55个土样）分析成果数据,地下水位统测成果数据（68个统测点）,以及已有资料与成果数据编制而成。编图以地下水系统理论和生态水文地质理论为指导,按地下水系统、水文地质结构、含水岩组及富水性、地下水补给-径流-排泄条件、地下水化学特征、地下水水位埋深与流场、地下水与生态植被关系、地下水开发利用等分类加工处理数据形成水文地质图数据集,使大量的信息在图面上以主图结合镶图的形式主次分明、层次清晰地加以展现,以便为当地水资源开发利用和生态环境保护提供直观易用的地下水资料支撑。 相似文献
18.
Oderson Antônio de Souza Filho Adalene Moreira Silva Armando Zaupa Remacre Sérgio Sacani Sancevero Anne Elizabeth McCafferty Mônica Mazzini Perrotta 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(4):905-916
Geostatistical modeling, using airborne and borehole electromagnetic data, was used to estimate electrical conductivity in groundwater within fractured paragneisses and migmatites in a semi-arid climate in northeastern Brazil. Despite the geologic heterogeneity of crystalline aquifers, the use of high resolution helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) data enabled the characterization of groundwater electrical conductivity where data from drilled wells were insufficient. The tacit assumption is that HEM measurements can be used to relate rock electrical conductivity to groundwater electrical conductivity. In this study, the HEM data were used as an external drift variable in non-stationary estimation and stochastic simulation to identify the variability of groundwater electrical conductivity. Validation tests, comparing predicted values for groundwater conductivity with measurements in new wells, confirmed the success of these models in locating fresh groundwater sources in crystalline bedrock. 相似文献
19.
砂岩型铀矿矿层渗透系数普遍具有空间非均匀性,但受试验和分析手段制约,非均匀渗透系数难以准确刻画,导致地浸采铀过程预测出现偏差,限制了地浸采铀过程精细化管控。针对该问题提出一种矿层非均匀参数分布随机表征方法,在此基础上,开展水盐耦合数值随机模拟,揭示不同渗透系数空间分布条件下,群井抽注所引起的溶浸剂储层内部迁移过程和影响范围。在内蒙古某铀矿床应用结果显示：沿区域地下水流方向渗透系数增加,有利于注入溶浸剂疏散;相反,溶浸剂易出现聚集效应。利用水位监测数据对模型边界条件进行识别与验证后,在均质假设条件下溶浸剂扩散速率为210 m2/d,20 a开采周期波及范围为1.53 km2;考虑矿层非均质性和参数不确定性,预测溶浸剂扩散速率为191～228 m2/d,波及范围为1.47～1.74 km2。相比于均质假设,溶浸剂扩散速率和波及范围不确定性显著,分别为17.62%和17.65%。考虑渗透系数非均质性和不确定性,使得溶浸剂迁移转化行为预测结果更具代表性,可为合理制定地浸采铀方案提供更加可靠的依据。 相似文献
20.
地下水-土壤水-大气水界面水分转化的研究有着重要意义。根据各种研究的出发点和侧重点,从三个方面论述了界面水分转化近年来的研究进展和各种研究方法的原理、优缺点和今后的研究方向。分析指出,界面水分转化的确定在小尺度范围内已取得很大进展,但是多数方法偏重于均匀下垫面均一介质条件下的水分交换研究,对于不均匀下垫面非均一条件下的水分交换问题和区域尺度问题未能很好的解决。在各种研究方法中值得注意的是遥感法、数值法和综合方法。 相似文献