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1.
网络环境下矢量瓦片数据应用广泛,引发多用户、多线程的非法爬取等安全问题。该文针对网络环境矢量瓦片数据版权保护和用户追溯的需求,提出了一种抗拼接攻击、鲁棒性强的矢量瓦片水印算法。首先,在水印信息生成阶段对两段编码进行设计,在保证区分度的同时,提供尽可能多的用户编码;其次,在水印嵌入和检测阶段,改进了经典的量化索引调制方法,根据矢量瓦片的精度划分更多数量的区间,以提高水印容量。实验结果表明,该文提出的矢量瓦片水印算法能够保证数据的可用性,并且对增加、删除、更新以及多用户的拼接攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性,实现了矢量瓦片的版权保护和用户追溯功能。  相似文献   

2.
基于数据库存储方案的高性能瓦片地图服务研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
实时渲染与网络传输是影响WebGIS性能的两大因素,瓦片技术是改进系统性能的最佳选择,它通过对地图数据预先渲染、切片,有效减轻服务器处理压力,减少网络负载和响应延迟,但瓦片数据量庞大,磁盘存储碎片化,影响IO性能,数据可迁移性差,无论是数据备份、迁移或是恢复都耗时漫长。该文设计实现了一种新的基于文件数据库的瓦片存储方案,并将分布式缓存系统Memcached作为缓存支持集成在方案中,不仅克服了传统瓦片储存的缺陷,还在性能方面取得了优异的表现,是构建高性能瓦片地图服务的有益尝试。  相似文献   

3.
GIS中矢量多边形网格化问题研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
在实际的GIS空间分析过程中,为了更加简便快捷的实现某些特定的空间分析功能,常常需要将不规则的矢量多边形区域转化为规则的格网区域。该文介绍了矢量多边形网格化的四类算法:中心点归属法、面积占优法、重要性法和面积内插法。其中面积内插法又可分为面积权重内插法、基于表面模型的面积内插法和基于统计模型的面积内插法。同时介绍了各类算法的实现思想,并比较了其优劣及应用范围,认为基于表面模型的面积内插法是一种比较理想且极具发展前景的矢量多边形网格化方法。  相似文献   

4.
渐进传输被认为是解决目前海量空间数据传输与实时用户体验之间矛盾的有效方法。栅格数据渐进传输的相关研究比较成熟,但矢量数据的渐进传输理论和技术还存在问题。为了推进矢量数据渐进传输的相关研究,该文对与矢量数据渐进传输密切相关的二维矢量数据、三维表面模型两种数据的多分辨率表达和渐进传输的研究现状进行归纳与总结,指出相关研究的发展方向,为海量空间数据适用于分布式网络传输提供参考依据。  相似文献   

5.
矢量地理数据在实际使用过程中通常经过多次分发,已有数字指纹算法多基于单次分发设计,仅能追踪单级分发下的数据泄露,难以追踪整个流通链条。该文提出一种面向多级分发的矢量地理数据数字指纹算法。首先,对矢量地理数据的顶点坐标进行归一化处理;然后,将归一化值的高位与分发级数建立哈希映射,将顶点划分为若干互不重叠的集合;最后,将各级指纹通过QIM方法分别嵌入划分所得的各个顶点集合中。其中,多级指纹编码采用级联码,外码为I码,内码为GD-PBIBD码。仿真实验表明,该算法对缩放、平移、增删点、裁剪等攻击具有较好的鲁棒性,且可有效抵抗常见的线性指纹攻击,准确地追踪到叛逆用户。该算法可用于矢量地理数据多级分发中,为版权保护及盗版追踪提供有力支持。  相似文献   

6.
基于蚁群优化算法的城市生态用地空间规划模型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
城市生态用地规划是城市生态系统保护的重要基础和前提。针对传统空间规划方法的不足,提出基于蚁群优化算法的城市生态用地空间规划模型。研究对蚁群优化算法的空间禁忌策略、选择策略进行改进,考虑了城市生态用地的生态效益和空间集约性,在规划目标函数中引入生态适宜性、空间紧凑度和最邻近距离指数,并设计最邻近距离指数的栅格计算方法。以广州市为例,分别模拟城市生态用地占广州市面积15%,30%和50%情景下的生态用地规划方案,取得了较好的效果。研究表明:基于蚁群优化算法的城市生态用地空间规划模型能够合理的对城市生态用地的空间布局进行配置,明显提高了城市生态用地生态效益和空间集约性。  相似文献   

7.
研究了HBase存储机制,针对现有存储查询方法效率低等缺陷,设计了HBase矢量空间数据存储表模式,如行键、过滤列族、几何列族及非几何列族等,以MapReduce算法为基础改进了原有的区域查询方法,上述改进有效提高了HBase中矢量空间数据查询效率。以某地近100 a地质灾害数据进行实验,结果表明:设计的存储模型可行,查询算法与传统查询算法相比效率更高;由于MapReduce运行过程中的通信等原因,当数据量小于5万级时,算法优势并不明显;当数据量大于10万级时,算法查询时间低于原来的1/2,而数据量达到100万级时,算法查询时间仅为算法改进前查询时间的1/20。数据量越大,并行化处理优势越明显。  相似文献   

8.
喀斯特地区下垫面的特殊复杂性使得地表发生显著坡面径流需要达到更大的降水累积阈值,碳酸盐岩岩石成土速率的缓慢和空间异质性导致喀斯特地区的土壤存量被严重高估和均一化等,因此,传统经典的土壤侵蚀模型在喀斯特地区难以适用。本文依据喀斯特关键带岩性的差异,确定其有效降水侵蚀阈值,并对降雨侵蚀力进行重新测算;根据碳酸盐岩化学成分的差异,计算其成土速率并作为土壤允许流失量;通过地貌—水文分析法提取喀斯特洼地空间分布信息,对喀斯特关键带土壤侵蚀算法进行多次改进和创新。结果显示:① 传统算法忽视了喀斯特关键带下垫面的特殊性,致使其平均降雨侵蚀力被高估47.35%,且喀斯特区域的平均降雨侵蚀力仅相当于非喀斯特区域的59.91%;② 传统算法可能将一些无土或少土可流区计算为土壤的高侵蚀量区,而连续性碳酸盐岩、碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩互层的土壤允许流失量仅分别为0.21 t ha-1 yr-1、1.2 t ha-1 yr-1、2.89 t ha-1 yr-1;③ 传统算法通常将有坡度和耕作的洼地视为土壤侵蚀的高发区,但其实际应是地表侵蚀的沉积区,喀斯特洼地在空间上的连续性与碳酸盐岩的分布区基本重合;④ 传统算法高估土壤侵蚀面积27.79%,土壤侵蚀量47.72%。总之,传统经典模型会大大高估喀斯特地区的土壤侵蚀量,因此,应该建立一种精确适用的模型。另外,由于喀斯特地区的成土速率慢而土层薄、总量少,土壤允许流失量远低于非喀斯特区域侵蚀标准,应制定适用于喀斯特地区的土壤侵蚀分类分级标准和风险评价方法。  相似文献   

9.
以“美丽中国中脊带”区域97个地级及以上行政单元为研究对象,从本体价值禀赋、遗产资源组合优势、区域社会经济发展环境及区域旅游发展水平4个维度构建传统村落旅游响应评价体系,通过熵值法、TOPSIS法计算各单元旅游响应度,并运用ArcGIS 10.2进行可视化处理。结果表明:(1)各单元传统村落旅游响应度差异明显,南方高于北方,胡焕庸线东侧高于西侧,呈现由高到低依次为南部、中部、北部的空间格局;省际之间传统村落旅游响应度较低、空间分布较为均衡;传统村落资源丰富,但旅游开发利用程度整体不高,79.38%的研究单元旅游响应度在3级以下。(2)传统村落旅游响应3级及以上的景观亚区均位于胡焕庸线的东侧,空间分异明显;景观区、景观亚区传统村落数量与该区域旅游响应相关性不强;景观大区传统村落数量与该区旅游响应度有一定的耦合性。  相似文献   

10.
基于DEM的地形单元多样性指数及其算法   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
在阐述地形信息表达研究进展的基础上,提出基于DEM地形单元多样性指数的概念和算法。地形单元多样性指数综合了高程、坡度、坡位、坡向、汇流量和水域信息等要素。其算法集成地形位置指数和地形湿度指数算法,采用图层叠加分析,设定分类、分级指标,进行重分类组合,划分地形单元类型,利用窗口分析法计算地形单元多样性指数。以四川省为试验区,利用精度为100 m的DEM数据和水域分布数据进行模拟计算,地形单元划分为13种典型类型,统计窗口半径设为900 m,计算出的多样性指数值小于0.5的区域仅占总面积的11%,大于0.75的区域达57%,符合实验区地形特征,并对算法进行了可行性分析和验证。结果表明,该算法提取的地形单元多样性指数可以有效反映地表形态的多样性特征及其变化。该研究结果为进一步探讨基于DEM地表形态信息的概念体系,以及从微观到宏观的地形信息空间分析研究创造了条件。  相似文献   

11.
Geospatial tile popularity reflects the general characteristics of user preferences in tile access. However, tile access has both long-term popularity features (characterized as stable) and short-term popularity features (characterized as explosive). Specific features of tile popularity are an important theoretical basis for improving the accuracy of caching and prefetching. This article considers both long-term and short-term popularity features for tile access and presents a Markov prefetching model in a cluster-based caching system based on a Zipf distribution. First, it describes the navigation path and the transition probability path for tile access based on the global features of tile access to find a way to estimate the transition tile access probabilities based on the access pattern, which satisfies Zipf's law. Then, based on temporal and spatial local changes in tile access patterns, the basic Markov model is used to prefetch tiles with the highest probability in the follow-up state for current hot tiles and these tiles are labeled as the set of prefetched objects. Finally, based on the access probability for prefetched tiles, they are evenly distributed in a cluster-based caching system. This method takes into account both global and local space–time changes in tile access patterns. This method not only makes the set of cached objects relatively stable but also adapts to changes in access distribution. Experimental results reveal that this method has a higher prefetch hit rate and a shorter average response time for tile requests and thus can improve the efficiency and stability of cluster-based caching systems.  相似文献   

12.
Geometric buffers are important for spatial analysis in many applications of geographic information systems (GISs), such as environmental measurement and management, human health, urban planning, etc. Geometric buffer generation algorithms are well studied in the Euclidean space where the buffer distance is measured by Euclidean metrics; however, very few algorithms are available for generating geometric buffers on the terrain surface in a virtual globe where the buffer distance is measured by geodesic metrics. This paper proposes a tile-based method for geodesic buffer generation according to the characteristics of a virtual globe. It extends the vector tile model (VTM) to organize terrain and vector data, and the XYH algorithm is improved to build geodesic distance fields for terrain meshes. Based on the data organization and the improved XYH algorithm, a geodesic buffer is generated via three main steps: selecting and assembling tiles, updating geodesic distance fields and tracing the boundaries of buffer zones. This method is implemented with multi-scale terrain and vector data, and the experimental results show that it is valid and exact and can be applied in practical applications.  相似文献   

13.
The increasing popularity of web map services has motivated the development of more scalable services in the spatial data infrastructures. Tiled map services have emerged as a scalable alternative to traditional map services. Instead of rendering map images on the fly, a collection of pre-generated image tiles can be served very fast from a server-side cache. However, during the start-up of the service, the cache is initially empty and users experience a poor quality of service. Tile prefetching attempts to improve hit rates by proactively fetching map images without waiting for client requests.

While most popular prefetching policies in traditional web caching consider only the previous access history to make predictions, significant improvements could be achieved in web mapping by taking into account the background geographic information.

This work proposes a regressive model to predict which areas are likely to be requested in the future based on spatial cross-correlation between an unconstrained catalog of geographic features and a record of past cache requests. Tiles that are anticipated to be most frequently requested can be pre-generated and cached for faster retrieval. Trace-driven simulations with several million cache requests from two different nation-wide public web map services in Spain demonstrate that accurate predictions and performance gains can be obtained with the proposed model.  相似文献   

14.
南大洋海冰分布是南极考察过程中影响破冰船航行的重要因素,也是南极研究的重要内容之一。目前国际上不同机构发布的南大洋海冰分布图,大多是球面投影,不能直接用于主流的瓦片地图发布。将极方位立体投影海冰图转换为目前主流的网络墨卡托投影地图,并利用合适的图像重采样方法,按照不同级别比例尺进行瓦片切割和编号存储,最终实现海冰影像地图的发布共享是本文的主要研究内容。笔者对不同的图像重采样方法进行了比较,分析了最邻近点采样方法、双线性内插和双三次卷积重采样方法的优劣,针对本文的研究优选双线性内插方法进行影像地图瓦片的切割,并最终叠加融合在Google地图上,实现了Google底图、准实时海冰影像图与破冰船走航位置的集成显示,为雪龙船的冰区航行提供了重要的数据支撑。  相似文献   

15.
Group-user intensive access to WebGIS exhibits spatiotemporal behaviour patterns with aggregation features and regularity distributions when geospatial data are accessed repeatedly over time and aggregated in certain spatial areas. We argue that these observable group-user access patterns provide a foundation for improved optimization of WebGIS so that it can respond to volume intensive requests with a higher quality of service and improve performance. Subsequently, a measure of access popularity distribution must precisely reflect the access aggregation and regularity features found in group-user intensive access. In our research, we considered both the temporal distribution characteristics and spatial correlation in the access popularity of tiled geospatial data (tiles). Based on the observation that group-user access follows a Zipf-like law, we built a tile-access popularity distribution based on time-sequence, to express the access aggregation of group-users with heavy-tailed characteristics. Considering the spatial locality of user-browsed tiles, we built a quantitative expression for the correlation between tile-access popularities and the distances to hotspot tiles, reflecting the attenuation of tile-access popularity to distance. Moreover, given the geographical spatial dependency and scale attribute of tiles, and the time-sequence of tile-access popularity, we built a Poisson regression model to express the degree of correlation among the accesses to adjacent tiles at different scales, reflecting the spatiotemporal correlation in tile access patterns. Experiments verify the accuracy of our Poisson regression model, which we then applied to a cluster-based cache-prefetching scenario. The results show that our model successfully reflects the spatiotemporal aggregation features of group-user intensive access and group-user behaviour patterns in WebGIS. The refined mathematical method in our model represents a time-sequence distribution of intensive access to tiles and the spatial aggregation and correlation in access to tiles at different scales, quantitatively expressing group-user spatiotemporal behaviour patterns with aggregation features and a regular distribution. Our proposed model provides a precise and empirical basis for performance-optimization strategies in WebGIS services, such as planning computing resource allocation and utilization, distributed storage of geospatial data, and providing distributed services so as to respond rapidly to geospatial data requests, thus addressing the challenges of volume-intensive user access.  相似文献   

16.
GIS中对原始矢量数据进行拓扑分析和重建是对其进行存储和使用的前提。引入包括规则格网和四叉树格网在内的索引结构,将全局的矢量拓扑分析转化为单个格网范围内足够少的矢量线段求交过程,减少了运算的复杂度;并用一种重组算法实现将原始矢量数据转化为符合“逢交必断”标准的矢量数据。试验表明,该算法适合海量和高散乱度的矢量数据。  相似文献   

17.
东江流域近50年径流系数时空变化特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于东江流域1964-2012 年降雨、蒸发和径流等气象水文资料,采用线性倾向估计、M-K趋势检验及变化幅度和变化弹性等多种方法,结合ArcGIS自相关等空间统计分析技术,分析了东江流域径流系数的时空变化特征及其对降雨、蒸发和地表植被等影响因素的空间对应关系。结果表明:近50 年来,东江流域年径流系数均呈上升趋势,且随着流域空间尺度的增大而增加,总体形成“南北低、中间高”的空间分布格局;径流系数变化幅度及变化弹性在20 世纪90年代之后显著增加。径流系数变化幅度热度指数高值区大致位于东源及其以北地区。相较于蒸发和地表植被覆盖,流域降雨变化趋势与径流系数及其变动幅度热度指数的空间分布格局具有较好的一致性。本文可为识别变化环境下流域来水过程变异提供科学参考依据。  相似文献   

18.
矢量数据向栅格数据转换的一种改进算法   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
地理信息系统的发展与空间数据结构的优化密不可分,栅格数据与矢量数据之间的高效转换是GIS的关键技术之一。由于栅格数据十分有利于空间分析中的叠置分析,因而通常需要将矢量数据转换成栅格数据。该文分析对比了地理信息系统的两种基本数据结构,在总结已往矢量数据转换为栅格数据方法的基础上,依据边界代数多边形填充算法的基本原理,结合绘图作业时采用的正负法,提出了一种改进的折线边界(数据串)跟踪方法。该算法原理简单,不需进行复杂的距离比较运算,运算速度快,并且通过简单的角度判断保证了填充的精度。  相似文献   

19.
以ALOS、RapidEye卫星数据为基础,结合ArcGIS和ERDAS软件,提取老挝琅南塔省现有耕地,并以现有耕地为基础,综合考虑海拔、坡度、坡向因素因子,采用统计方法,建立评价模型,进而采用空间分析、统计方法,得出老挝琅南塔省马铃薯种植适宜性评价等级分类。将马铃薯适宜性评价定为各耕地评价单元的土地适宜性,分为高度适宜(〉70)、适宜(60~70)、基本适宜(50~60)、不适宜(〈50)4个等级,并建立马铃薯种植区域适宜性评价等级矢量图。  相似文献   

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