共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
讨论了广义相对论的引力时延。根据Mini－ASTROD空间计划方案，利用地面深空激光测距来检验引力时延，给出了测量值与理论值直接比对的方案，并拟合出空间曲率参数γ的值。文中采用非同步的激光应答器、皮秒事件记数器等设备，可以提高测量的精度和稳定性。在地面站和行星探测器之间直接进行激光测距，不仅可以验证广义相对论的引力时延，而且还可以使γ的精度提高至少1－2个量级。这对于宇宙学和引力理论具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
2.
《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》2016,(0)
介绍了在广义相对论框架下建立的微米级卫星激光测距时延模型。为考察新模型对于参数化后牛顿系数β和γ解算精度的影响,将该模型用于定轨软件Utopia对Ajisai,Lageos 1,Lageos 2,Etalon 1四颗卫星的模拟观测资料进行批处理,并假设大气、固体潮等观测模型的效应以及动力学模型的误差已精确扣除。结果表明,在当前的仿真条件下采用微米级时延模型解算的参数化后牛顿系数解算精度比采用现有的标准时延模型的解算精度高2个量级。 相似文献
3.
小行星Icarus激光测距空问任务是在第1566号小行星上放置激光反射器、定时器并与地面站之间进行激光干涉测距,对PPN参数γ和β、太阳四极矩J2、万有引力常数的时间变化率G/G和太阳系天体的质心引力常数进行精确测量.随着激光技术的发展,10ps(用测距量表示是3mm)的计时精度是可以实现的.2015年Icarus与地球接近,为Icarus着陆器提供了良好的发射窗口.本文采用PMOE 2003行星历表框架,从2015年9月25日起,对地面站和小行星之间的激光测距进行了为期800天的模拟,应用Kalmam滤波方法,得到18个参数的不确定度,其中γ,β、J2和G/G的不确定度分别为7.8×10-8、9.0×10-7,9.8×10-11和7.0×10-15yr-1,均高于现有实验的精度1-3个数量级.模拟结果表明,这个空间任务对相对论的检验、太阳系基本参数的测定、以及时空基本定律的检验等都有重要的科学意义. 相似文献
4.
广义相对论是继牛顿万有引力理论后,在强引力场、强动态时空区域更精准的引力理论,大量的天文观测验证了广义相对论的正确性.但广义相对论与量子理论在逻辑体系上不相容,广义相对论还存在时空奇点的理论问题,宇宙学中还存在暗物质和暗能量的引力本质问题等.在使用Yunes等人提出的Einstein-aether理论修改引力波模板的基... 相似文献
5.
针对采样返回任务中多探测器精密短弧定轨问题,研究了甚长基线干涉测量(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,VLBI)技术在两探测器间的交替观测模式、2π模糊度解算方法和数据差分处理方法,给出了星载信标的设计原则和方案。利用日本SELENE探月卫星的两个小卫星R-star和V-star的同波束VLBI相关相位生成了交替VLBI相位观测量,对其进行了差分处理求解差分时延,然后利用差分时延和测速测距数据进行定轨计算。对差分时延的分析表明,交替VLBI差分群时延RMS值为46 mm,测量精度与同波束VLBI差分群时延相当;交替VLBI差分相时延RMS值为1.6 mm,测量精度与同波束VLBI差分相时延相当。定轨结果表明,交替VLBI在进行多探测器的短弧定轨时能达到同波束VLBI相当的精度。 相似文献
6.
《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》2014,(0)
介绍了2013年度上海天文台卫星激光测距系统常规观测、系统改造及科研实验情况。应用多种高效率滤波技术、精确指向模型等手段,在国内同类型测距系统中首次实现了同步轨道卫星白天千赫兹重复率激光测距,测量能力达到国际先进水平。采用高稳定光子探测器及其温度控制等方法,提升了系统时延标定稳定性,测距资料质量得到改善。对使用多年的主副镜重新镀膜,提升了532 nm波长激光反射效率,同时兼顾了1064 nm工作波长,为开展1064 nm波长激光测距技术研究奠定了基础。基于已有基础,国内首次开展了高重复率空间碎片激光测量,实现了关键技术的突破,测量能力得到大幅提升。与1.56米天文望远镜建立了网络通信链路,实现了1.56米/60厘米双望远镜激光测距控制与数据传输,开展了多接收望远镜在提升空间目标激光测距能力方面的实验验证,促进了中国卫星激光测距技术发展与应用。 相似文献
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8.
《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》2014,(0)
空间目标包括在轨卫星、空间碎片等,对其测定轨是空间攻防和空间利用的重要前提。由于地面测站资源有限,单站测量是目前对空间目标尤其是空间碎片测定轨较常用的方式。卫星激光测距(satellite laser ranging,SLR)技术测量精度很高,可达米级(非合作目标),甚至厘米级(合作目标),但不能单独用于单站短弧定轨;电荷耦合器件(charge coupled device,CCD)天文定位技术可观测距离较远的目标,但测量精度为角秒级,换算至空间距离不如SLR技术高。两者的联合为空间目标的高精度定位和跟踪提供了可能,并成为未来空间目标地基测量的发展方向。作为空间碎片单站监测的前期工作,对合作目标的单站定轨精度进行了评估。处理了1500 km高AJISAI低轨卫星的实测数据,分析了单站CCD测角和激光测距数据对低轨空间目标的联合定轨能力,并充分考虑两类不同类型观测数据的精度,数据综合时对其进行合理加权。利用全球激光站资料进行精密定轨,并以此作为参考轨道,采用上海佘山站AJISAI卫星2010年、2011年4天6圈的实测激光测距数据,以及CCD测角数据,开展了单站单圈和单站多圈定轨和预报试验。试验结果表明,测距数据的加入对定轨精度和24小时预报精度的改善非常明显,可提高至少一个数量级;单站单圈联合定轨和24小时预报的精度分别为20 m以内及数百米,单站多圈联合定轨和24小时预报的精度分别在米级及数十米。期望实验结果为中国未来的空间碎片望远镜建设提供参考。 相似文献
9.
《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》2015,(0)
佘山1.56米光学望远镜观测站与卫星激光测距(satellite laser ranging,SLR)观测站是进行天文地球动力学研究的重要观测站。应用这些观测站进行空间测量需要这两个观测站在空间的准确坐标。为此重点介绍了1.56米望远镜与SLR望远镜旋转不动点的观测方案和计算方法。归心结果经确认达到厘米精度,能够实施相应的观测任务。 相似文献
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11.
In this paper we first emphasize why it is important to know the successive zonal harmonics of the Sun's figure with high
accuracy: mainly fundamental astrometry, helioseismology, planetary motions and relativistic effects. Then we briefly comment
why the Sun appears oblate, going back to primitive definitions in order to underline some discrepancies in theories and to
emphasize again the relevant hypotheses. We propose a new theoretical approach entirely based on an expansion in terms of
Legendre's functions, including the differential rotation of the Sun at the surface. This permits linking the two first spherical
harmonic coefficients (J
2 and J
4) with the geometric parameters that can be measured on the Sun (equatorial and polar radii). We emphasize the difficulties
in inferring gravitational oblateness from visual measurements of the geometric oblateness, and more generally a dynamical
flattening. Results are given for different observed rotational laws. It is shown that the surface oblateness is surely upper
bounded by 11 milliarcsecond. As a consequence of the observed surface and sub-surface differential rotation laws, we deduce
a measure of the two first gravitational harmonics, the quadrupole and the octopole moment of the Sun: J
2=−(6.13±2.52)×10−7 if all observed data are taken into account, and respectively, J
2=−(6.84±3.75)×10−7 if only sunspot data are considered, and J
2=−(3.49±1.86)×10−7 in the case of helioseismic data alone. The value deduced from all available data for the octopole is: J
4=(2.8±2.1)×10−12. These values are compared to some others found in the literature.
Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005238718479 相似文献
12.
B. P. Kondratyev 《Solar System Research》2013,47(1):1-10
A two-component theoretical model of the physical libration of the Moon in longitude is constructed with account taken of the viscosity of the core. In the new version, a hydrodynamic problem of motion of a fluid filling a solid rotating shell is solved. It is found that surfaces of equal angular velocity are spherical, and a velocity field of the fluid core of the Moon is described by elementary functions. A distribution of the internal pressure in the core is found. An angular momentum exchange between the fluid core and solid mantle is described by a third-order differential equation with a right-hand side. The roots of a characteristic equation are studied and the stability of rotation is proved. A libration angle as a function of time is found using the derived solution of the differential equation. Limiting cases of infinitely large and infinitely small viscosity are considered and an effect of lag of a libration phase from a phase of action of an external moment of forces is ascertained. This makes it possible to estimate the viscosity and sizes of the lunar fluid core from data of observations. 相似文献
13.
M. V. Samokhin 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1993,61(1):29-37
Using the well-known equation for the normal component of the current which exist near the tangential discontinuity in the plasma in the case of the frozen-in magnetic field, and supposing that the current closes in the ionosphere in the auroral oval in the region 1, one calculates and compares with the data of observations the dependence of the density of the field-aligned current at the level of the ionosphere on the local time. 相似文献
14.
15.
Yoshio Kubo 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2009,105(4):261-274
We calculate the so-called convective term, which shows up in the expression for the angular velocity of the elastic Earth,
within the Andoyer formalism. The term emerges due to the fact that the elasticity-caused perturbation depends not only on
the instantaneous orientation of the Earth but also on its instantaneous angular velocity. We demonstrate that this term makes
a considerable contribution into the overall angular velocity. At the same time the convective term turns out to be automatically
included into the correction to the nutation series due to the elasticity, if the series is defined by the perturbation of
the figure axis (and not of the rotational axis) in accordance with the current IAU resolution. Hence it is not necessary
to take the effect of the convective term into consideration in the perturbation of the elastic Earth as far as the nutation
is related to the motion of the figure axis. 相似文献
16.
Range of values of the Sun's mass quadrupole moment of coefficient J2 arising both from experimental and theoretical determinations enlarge across literature on two orders of magnitude, from
around 10-7 until to 10-5. The accurate knowledge of the Moon's physical librations, for which the Lunar Laser Ranging data reach an outstanding precision
level, prove to be appropriate to reduce the interval of J2 values by giving an upper bound of J2. A solar quadrupole moment as high as 1.1 10-5 given either from the upper bounds of the error bars of the observations, or from the Roche's theory, is not compatible with
the knowledge of the lunar librations accurately modeled and observed with the LLR experiment. The suitable values of J2 have to be smaller than 3.0 10-6.
As a consequence, this upper bound of 3.0 10-6 is accepted to study the impact of the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass on the dynamics of the Earth-Moon system. Such as
effect (with J2 = 5.5±1.3 × 10-6) has been already tested in 1983 by Campbell & Moffat using analytical approximate equations, and thus for the orbits of
Mercury, Venus, the Earth and Icarus. The approximate equations are no longer sufficient compared with present observational
data and exact equations are required. As if to compute the effect on the lunar librations, we have used our BJV relativistic
model of solar system integration including the spin-orbit coupled motion of the Moon. The model is solved by numerical integration.
The BJV model stems from general relativity by using the DSX formalism for purposes of celestial mechanics when it is about
to deal with a system of n extended, weakly self-gravitating, rotating and deformable bodies in mutual interactions.
The resulting effects on the orbital elements of the Earth have been computed and plotted over 160 and 1600 years. The impact
of the quadrupole moment of the Sun on the Earth's orbital motion is mainly characterized by variations of
,
, and
. As a consequence, the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass could play a sensible role over long time periods of integration of
solar system models.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Wu Lin-xiang 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1992,16(4):427-433
By means of a simple relation between the velocity v of the fluid particle and the velocity vf of the photospheric footpoint of the magnetic field line vz and Bz being respectively the components of v and the magnetic field B normal to the photospheric surface, it is shown formally that through the phtospheric surface the transport of all the quantities attributed to the magnetic field, such as the magnetic flux, the magnetic energy and the helicity, is independent of vz, and vf is the only kinematical quantity on which the transport depends. In addition, in the neighborhood of the neutral line the velocity vl of the moving curve of constant Bz is found to be equal approximately to the component of v or vf in the direction of vl. Since vl can be measured or extimated, so can the components of v and vf near the neutral line. 相似文献
18.
L. E. Cram 《Solar physics》1976,48(1):3-19
When the K-corona is formed by the scattering of photospheric radiation from free electrons, the Fraunhofer lines are greatly broadened by the thermal motions of the hot electrons. This paper discusses the possibility of measuring the coronal electron temperature from the residual depressions in the K-coronal spectrum. If the ratio of the intensities at 4100 Å and 3900 Å can be measured to an accuracy of ±1%, the coronal temperature can be inferred to an accuracy of ±0.2 MK. The temperature of a coronal inhomogeneity may also be measured by this method, provided the position angle is known.Now at Fraunhofer Institute, Freiburg, Germany. 相似文献
19.
G. M. Petrov 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1991,177(1-2):269-270
The classical method of determination of the absolute azimuth (or Bessel's parameter n) can secure sufficiently precision for RA from observations of stars at high geographical latitudes during polar night only. 相似文献
20.
介绍和论述了在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中在优越参考系和非优越参考系中经过参数化后引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应,其中特别重点介绍了年周期变化的效应。此外也将理论结果同观测结果相对比。 相似文献