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1.
选取40°N—60°N,80°E—120°E的区域作为西伯利亚高压的主要活动区域,利用NCEP/NCAR月均海平面气压再分析资料,对该区域西伯利亚高压(Siberian High,SH)从1979—2017年共38个冬季(12月至次年2月)进行经验正交函数分解(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)。结果表明,第1模态为全区一致的变化,第2模态为南北气压的反相变化关系,第3模态为东西部气压的反相变化关系,并且3个模态的时间序列都存在显著的年际变化。进一步对相关的大气环流和东亚气温异常的分析表明,第1模态相联系的大气环流在地面表现为海陆气压差的改变,500 h Pa高度上东亚大槽强度的变化,200 h Pa纬向风场上温带急流、副热带急流强度的变化,SH负位相时,东亚偏暖,SH正位相时,东亚偏冷;第2模态与北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation,AO)和北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)的变化有密切关系,在高度场上表现为一个准正压的南北环状模态,SH北强南弱时,环流场类似AO正位相,温带急流减弱,东亚东北部偏暖,SH北弱南强时,东亚东北部偏冷;而与第3模态相联系的大气环流主要出现在欧亚大陆局部区域,与北大西洋涛动(NAO)也存在一定的关联,SH东强西弱时,东亚北部偏暖,西南部偏冷,SH东弱西强时,东亚北部偏冷,西南部偏暖。 相似文献
2.
北大西洋海表面温度锋与大西洋风暴路径及大气大尺度异常的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用NCEP、Had ISST再分析资料,北大西洋涛动(NAO)月指数序列,探讨了海表面温度(SST)锋的时空变化特征,揭示了北大西洋SST锋的主要气候变率及其与北大西洋风暴轴和大气大尺度环流异常的关系。研究表明,剔除季节循环后的SST锋显示其最主要变率为锋区的向南/北摆动,其对应的风暴轴发生相应的西南/东北移动,并同时在北大西洋上空对应一个跨海盆的位势高度负/正异常。这种环流异常可引起高纬度海平面气压(SLP)的反气旋/气旋式环流,这有利于增强海表面风对大洋副极地环流的负/正涡度异常输入,进一步减弱/加强了高纬度上层冷水向SST锋区的输送。北大西洋SST锋的另一主要模态为锋区在南北方向的分支和合并。当SST锋异常在40°N~45°N以单支形式加强时,对流层位势高度场和SLP南北梯度增大,对应NAO正位相,此时风暴轴也为单支型;同时SLP异常场促使冰岛附近具有气旋式风应力异常,亚速尔地区具有反气旋式风应力异常,导致副极地环流和副热带环流均加强,增加高纬度冷水和低纬度暖水在锋区的输入,从而进一步增强40°N~45°N附近的SST锋区。当SST锋异常在40°N~45°N纬带南北发生分支时,风暴轴也同时出现北强南弱的南北分支,此时对应了负位相NAO,来自北南的冷暖水输送减弱,SST锋也发生减弱分支。此外,位于大洋内区的SST锋东端也存在一个偶极子型的模态,尽管其解释方差相对较小,但仍与偏东北的NAO型具有显著相关。谱分析表明,北大西洋SST锋与风暴轴具有1~3年和年代际共振,与中高纬大尺度环流也存在周期1~3年的共变信号,其中准一年共变信号体现了SST锋和NAO之间的对应关系。进一步诊断分析表明,SST锋上空的近表层大气斜压性和经向温度梯度随着SST锋的增强而增强,经向热通量的向北输送导致涡动有效位能的增加;海洋的非绝热加热产生更强的垂直热量通量,这有利于涡动有效位能释放成为涡动动能,从而表现为该区域的风暴轴加强,并进一步影响风暴轴中的天气尺度扰动与下游大尺度环流异常的相互作用过程。 相似文献
3.
4.
北半球冬季阻塞环流与NAO之间的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先根据Oman关于北大西洋涛动（NAO）指数冬季平均值的年际变化挑选出强NAO年,然后利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,分析了在强NAO年北半球冬季阻塞发生频率和生命期的统计特征,最后通过对强NAO年大气斜压性进行冬季气候平均,合成得到了三个区域（北大西洋、欧洲和北太平洋）对流层平均大气斜压性随纬度的分布情况。结果发现：北大西洋在NAO负位相时下游阻塞发生频率更高,持续时间更长;NAO正位相则有利于欧洲长生命阻塞的发生和维持;北太平洋阻塞在NAO负位相发生频率明显更高,在NAO正位相阻塞的平均持续时间更长。大气斜压性随纬度的分布与阻塞的发生有较好的对应关系,过强的大气斜压性会抑制阻塞的发生。 相似文献
5.
利用一个全球海气耦合模式(BCM),结合观测资料,讨论了热带太平洋强迫对北大西洋年际气候变率的影响。研究表明,BCM能够相对合理地模拟赤道太平洋的年际变率模态及相应的海温距平型和大气遥相关型,尽管其准3年的振荡周期过于规则。来自数值模式和观测上的证据都表明,北大西洋冬季海温的主导性变率模态,即自北而南出现的“- -”的海温距平型,受到来自热带太平洋强迫的显著影响,其正位相与赤道中东太平洋冷事件相对应。换言之,赤道太平洋暖事件的发生,在太平洋-北美沿岸激发出PNA遥相关型,进而通过在北大西洋产生类似NAO负位相的气压距平型,削弱本来与NAO正位相直接联系的三核型海温距平。北大西洋三核型海温距平对热带太平洋强迫的响应,要滞后2—3个月的时间。 相似文献
6.
北大西洋年际变率的海气耦合模式模拟Ⅱ:热带太平洋强迫 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用一个全球海气耦合模式(BCM),结合观测资料,讨论了热带太平洋强迫对北大西洋年际气候变率的影响.研究表明,BCM能够相对合理地模拟赤道太平洋的年际变率模态及相应的海温距平型和大气遥相关型,尽管其准3年的振荡周期过于规则.来自数值模式和观测上的证据都表明,北大西洋冬季海温的主导性变率模态,即自北而南出现的"-+-"的海温距平型,受到来自热带太平洋强迫的显著影响,其正位相与赤道中东太平洋冷事件相对应.换言之,赤道太平洋暖事件的发生,在太平洋-北美沿岸激发出PNA遥相关型,进而通过在北大西洋产生类似NAO负位相的气压距平型,削弱本来与NAO正位相直接联系的三核型海温距平.北大西洋三核型海温距平对热带太平洋强迫的响应,要滞后2-3个月的时间. 相似文献
7.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2017,(5)
利用1993年1月至2015年12月的海表面高度异常资料引入黑潮延伸体偶极子模态指数(KED模指数),发现KED模存在正位相(南正北负偶极子模态)和负位相(南负北正偶极子模态)之间的年代际变化,并对海洋锋和北太平洋风暴轴产生影响。研究结果显示,黑潮延伸体北侧海洋锋和延伸体海洋锋都与KED模存在很好的相关关系。在黑潮延伸体北侧海洋锋区域,KED负模态下海洋锋的强度增强,延伸体区域海洋锋则相反。另外在KED负模态下,风暴轴会减弱北移,与风暴轴有关的西风也在风暴轴下游区域北移。进一步分析得到KED模态的转换可以改变海洋锋的强度从而改变上空经向热量通量,进而影响风暴轴。 相似文献
8.
南极涛动和北半球大气环流异常的联系 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
使用ECMWF逐日再分析资料分析研究了北半球冬季南极涛动和北半球大气环流异常之间的联系。资料的分析结果表明, 南极涛动和滞后其25～40天位于北大西洋地区的一个弱的类似于北大西洋涛动 (North Atlantic Oscillation, 简称NAO) 的偶极子模态, 以及伴随这一偶极子模态而出现的北半球中纬度纬向风异常之间存在着统计上的联系。处于正 (负) 位相的南极涛动对应着滞后25～40天后, 北大西洋高纬极区出现位势高度负 (正) 异常, 副热带大西洋出现位势高度正 (负) 异常; 同时, 在北半球中高纬度地区(45°N～65°N) 出现西 (东) 风异常, 中低纬度地区(25°N～40°N)出现东 (西) 风异常。文中也对资料分析结果进行了简单的动力学分析, 表明与南极涛动相联系的涡动动量异常是驱动北半球纬向平均纬向风异常的主要原因。 相似文献
9.
《高原气象》2018,(5)
使用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、GPCC(Global Precipitation Climatology Centre)降水资料和中国气象局台站降水资料,系统研究了冬季太平洋-北美型遥相关(Pacific-North America,PNA)和北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)在年际尺度上的不同配置及其与我国冬季降水的可能联系。结果表明,在年际尺度上,冬季PNA与NAO两种遥相关无显著相关关系,两者的相关系数只有-0. 13。PNA或NAO的正位相期间,我国华南沿海均出现了显著的降水正异常中心。根据两种遥相关的位相和强度,可将两者的配置划分为以下四种:PNA与NAO均为正位相(第一类配置),PNA为正位相但NAO为负位相(第二类配置),PNA与NAO均为负位相(第三类配置),PNA为负位相但NAO为正位相(第四类配置)。与单个PNA或NAO因子相比,PNA与NAO呈现不同极端位相配置类型时大气环流异常更强,但中国降水异常并不是单因子效应的简单叠加。GPCC和台站降水资料都表明,第一类配置时,黄河以南的降水表现为南涝北旱;第二类配置时,西南至华南西部偏旱,而长江出海口偏涝;第三类配置时,黄河以南整体偏旱;第四类配置时,东北东部、西南至华南西部偏涝,东南沿海偏旱。 相似文献
10.
春季北大西洋三极型海温异常变化及其与NAO和ENSO的联系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1951—2016年HadISST逐月海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)资料,NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及1958—2016年美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,WHOI)提供的OAFlux数据集,运用经验正交函数分解(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)和偏相关分析等统计方法,研究了春季北大西洋海温异常的主要特征及其与春季NAO和前期冬季ENSO联系。结果表明:春季北大西洋海温异常EOF的第一模态是自北而南出现的三极结构的海温距平型,其方差贡献率为35.7%。春季北大西洋三极型海温异常的形成主要受到春季NAO主导作用,还受到前期冬季热带中东太平洋海温异常的影响。消除前期冬季Niňo3.4的影响后,春季北大西洋三极型海温异常指数与同期北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)指数的偏相关系数分别为0.50,通过了99%置信度水平的显著性检验。消除春季NAO的影响后,春季北大西洋三极型海温异常指数与前期冬季Niňo3.4指数的偏相关系数为-0.26,通过了95%信度水平的显著性检验。春季NAO正(负)位相引起的海表风场和海表湍流热通量的异常,进而激发出正(负)位相的北大西洋三极型海温异常。前期冬季ENSO事件可以引起春季大气环流异常和热带外海温异常,进而调制春季NAO对北大西洋三极型海温异常的影响。 相似文献
11.
A. Persechino R. Marsh B. Sinha A. P. Megann A. T. Blaker A. L. New 《Climate Dynamics》2012,39(3-4):1021-1042
A wide range of statistical tools is used to investigate the decadal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and associated key variables in a climate model (CHIME, Coupled Hadley-Isopycnic Model Experiment), which features a novel ocean component. CHIME is as similar as possible to the 3rd Hadley Centre Coupled Model (HadCM3) with the important exception that its ocean component is based on a hybrid vertical coordinate. Power spectral analysis reveals enhanced AMOC variability for periods in the range 15–30 years. Strong AMOC conditions are associated with: (1) a Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly pattern reminiscent of the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) response, but associated with variations in a northern tropical-subtropical gradient; (2) a Surface Air Temperature anomaly pattern closely linked to SST; (3) a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like pattern; (4) a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The primary mode of AMOC variability is associated with decadal changes in the Labrador Sea and the Greenland Iceland Norwegian (GIN) Seas, in both cases linked to the tropical activity about 15 years earlier. These decadal changes are controlled by the low-frequency NAO that may be associated with a rapid atmospheric teleconnection from the tropics to the extratropics. Poleward advection of salinity anomalies in the mixed layer also leads to AMOC changes that are linked to processes in the Labrador Sea. A secondary mode of AMOC variability is associated with interannual changes in the Labrador and GIN Seas, through the impact of the NAO on local surface density. 相似文献
12.
Cold-season atmospheric response to the natural variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
The influence of the natural variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) on the atmosphere is studied in multi-centennial simulations of six global climate models, using Maximum Covariance Analysis (MCA). In all models, a significant but weak influence of the AMOC changes is found during the Northern Hemisphere cold-season, when the ocean leads the atmosphere by a few years. Although the oceanic pattern slightly varies, an intensification of the AMOC is followed in all models by a weak sea level pressure response that resembles a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The signal amplitude is typically 0.5?hPa and explains about 10% of the yearly variability of the NAO in all models. The atmospheric response seems to be due primarily due to an increase of the heat loss along the North Atlantic Current and the subpolar gyre, associated with an AMOC-driven warming. Sea-ice changes appear to be less important. The stronger heating is associated to a southward shift of the lower-tropospheric baroclinicity and a decrease of the eddy activity in the North Atlantic storm track, which is consistent with the equivalent barotropic perturbation resembling the negative phase of the NAO. This study thus provides some evidence of an atmospheric signature of the AMOC in the cold-season, which may have some implications for the decadal predictability of climate in the North Atlantic region. 相似文献
13.
The role of salinity in the decadal variability of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
An OGCM hindcast is used to investigate the linkages between North Atlantic Ocean salinity and circulation changes during
1963–2003. The focus is on the eastern subpolar region consisting of the Irminger Sea and the eastern North Atlantic where
a careful assessment shows that the simulated interannual to decadal salinity changes in the upper 1,500 m reproduce well
those derived from the available record of hydrographic measurements. In the model, the variability of the Atlantic meridional
overturning circulation (MOC) is primarily driven by changes in deep water formation taking place in the Irminger Sea and,
to a lesser extent, the Labrador Sea. Both are strongly influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The modeled interannual
to decadal salinity changes in the subpolar basins are mostly controlled by circulation-driven anomalies of freshwater flux
convergence, although surface salinity restoring to climatology and other boundary fluxes each account for approximately 25%
of the variance. The NAO plays an important role: a positive NAO phase is associated with increased precipitation, reduced
northward salt transport by the wind-driven intergyre gyre, and increased southward flows of freshwater across the Greenland–Scotland
ridge. Since the NAO largely controlled deep convection in the subpolar gyre, fresher waters are found near the sinking region
during convective events. This markedly differs from the active influence on the MOC that salinity exerts at decadal and longer
timescales in most coupled models. The intensification of the MOC that follows a positive NAO phase by about 2 years does
not lead to an increase in the northward salt transport into the subpolar domain at low frequencies because it is cancelled
by the concomitant intensification of the subpolar gyre which shifts the subpolar front eastward and reduces the northward
salt transport by the North Atlantic Current waters. This differs again from most coupled models, where the gyre intensification
precedes that of the MOC by several years. 相似文献
14.
Simulated variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
To examine the multi-annual to decadal scale variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) we conducted a four-member ensemble with a daily reanalysis forced, medium-resolution global version of the isopycnic coordinate ocean model MICOM, and a 300-years integration with the fully coupled Bergen Climate Model (BCM). The simulations of the AMOC with both model systems yield a long-term mean value of 18 Sv and decadal variability with an amplitude of 1–3 Sv. The power spectrum of the inter-annual to decadal scale variability of the AMOC in BCM generally follows the theoretical red noise spectrum, with indications of increased power near the 20-years period. Comparison with observational proxy indices for the AMOC, e.g. the thickness of the Labrador Sea Water, the strength of the baroclinic gyre circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean, and the surface temperature anomalies along the mean path of the Gulf Stream, shows similar trends and phasing of the variability, indicating that the simulated AMOC variability is robust and real. Mixing indices have been constructed for the Labrador, the Irminger and the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) seas. While convective mixing in the Labrador and the GIN seas are in opposite phase, and linked to the NAO as observations suggest, the convective mixing in the Irminger Sea is in phase with or leads the Labrador Sea. Newly formed deep water is seen as a slow, anomalous cold and fresh, plume flowing southward along the western continental slope of the Atlantic Ocean, with a return flow of warm and saline water on the surface. In addition, fast-travelling topographically trapped waves propagate southward along the continental slope towards equator, where they go east and continue along the eastern rim of the Atlantic. For both types of experiments, the Northern Hemisphere sea level pressure and 2 m temperature anomaly patterns computed based on the difference between climate states with strong and weak AMOC yields a NAO-like pattern with intensified Icelandic low and Azores high, and a warming of 0.25–0.5 °C of the central North Atlantic sea-surface temperature (SST). The reanalysis forced simulations indicate a coupling between the Labrador Sea Water production rate and an equatorial Atlantic SST index in accordance with observations. This coupling is not identified in the coupled simulation. 相似文献
15.
20世纪北大西洋温盐环流的年代际变化试评估 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
根据相对丰富的大气器测资料,综合前人对有限的海洋资料的诊断分析,从北大西洋涛动(NAO)变率、表层海温(SST)变率、格陵兰海和拉布拉多海的深对流活动长期变化等不同角度,对20世纪大洋温盐环流(Thermohaline Circulation,THC)变率进行了试评估.结果表明:(1)19世纪末以来,大西洋温盐环流的变化可分为4个时期:1900年以前的一段时期,THC较强;1904年到1930年,THC较弱;1931年到1972年,THC较强;1973年至1995年,THC较弱,目前则又有所增强.(2)与THC的变化相联系,大西洋主要气候要素的变化,相互间存在着某种协调关系,THC强,NAO弱,北大西洋北部SST升高,格陵兰海的对流活动增强,拉布拉多海的对流活动则减弱. 相似文献
16.
We analyze decadal climate variability in the Mediterranean region using observational datasets over the period 1850–2009 and a regional climate model simulation for the period 1960–2000, focusing in particular on the winter (DJF) and summer (JJA) seasons. Our results show that decadal variability associated with the winter and summer manifestations of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO and SNAO respectively) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) significantly contribute to decadal climate anomalies over the Mediterranean region during these seasons. Over 30% of decadal variance in DJF and JJA precipitation in parts of the Mediterranean region can be explained by NAO and SNAO variability respectively. During JJA, the AMO explains over 30% of regional surface air temperature anomalies and Mediterranean Sea surface temperature anomalies, with significant influence also in the transition seasons. In DJF, only Mediterranean SST still significantly correlates with the AMO while regional surface air temperature does not. Also, there is no significant NAO influence on decadal Mediterranean surface air temperature anomalies during this season. A simulation with the PROTHEUS regional ocean–atmosphere coupled model is utilized to investigate processes determining regional decadal changes during the 1960–2000 period, specifically the wetter and cooler 1971–1985 conditions versus the drier and warmer 1986–2000 conditions. The simulation successfully captures the essence of observed decadal changes. Model set-up suggests that AMO variability is transmitted to the Mediterranean/European region and the Mediterranean Sea via atmospheric processes. Regional feedbacks involving cloud cover and soil moisture changes also appear to contribute to observed changes. If confirmed, the linkage between Mediterranean temperatures and the AMO may imply a certain degree of regional decadal climate predictability. The AMO and other decadal influences outlined here should be considered along with those from long-term increases in greenhouse gas forcings when making regional climate out-looks for the Mediterranean 10–20?years out. 相似文献
17.
Atmospheric response to the North Atlantic Ocean variability on seasonal to decadal time scales 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The NCEP twentieth century reanalyis and a 500-year control simulation with the IPSL-CM5 climate model are used to assess the influence of ocean-atmosphere coupling in the North Atlantic region at seasonal to decadal time scales. At the seasonal scale, the air-sea interaction patterns are similar in the model and observations. In both, a statistically significant summer sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly with a horseshoe shape leads an atmospheric signal that resembles the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during the winter. The air-sea interactions in the model thus seem realistic, although the amplitude of the atmospheric signal is half that observed, and it is detected throughout the cold season, while it is significant only in late fall and early winter in the observations. In both model and observations, the North Atlantic horseshoe SST anomaly pattern is in part generated by the spring and summer internal atmospheric variability. In the model, the influence of the ocean dynamics can be assessed and is found to contribute to the SST anomaly, in particular at the decadal scale. Indeed, the North Atlantic SST anomalies that follow an intensification of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) by about 9 years, or an intensification of a clockwise intergyre gyre in the Atlantic Ocean by 6 years, resemble the horseshoe pattern, and are also similar to the model Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). As the AMOC is shown to have a significant impact on the winter NAO, most strongly when it leads by 9 years, the decadal interactions in the model are consistent with the seasonal analysis. In the observations, there is also a strong correlation between the AMO and the SST horseshoe pattern that influences the NAO. The analogy with the coupled model suggests that the natural variability of the AMOC and the gyre circulation might influence the climate of the North Atlantic region at the decadal scale. 相似文献
18.
North Atlantic decadal regimes in a coupled GCM simulation 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The non-stationarity of the North Atlantic atmosphere-ocean coupling is investigated utilizing a long time integration of
a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (GCM) and a consistent atmospheric experiment forced by the climatological
sea surface temperature (SST) of the coupled GCM. The temporal behavior of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is non-stationary
with two different decadal regimes being identified: (a) phases with enhanced (active) low-frequency variability of the NAO
index are characterized by regional modes with a baroclinic Pacific-North America (PNA) and a dominant barotropic North Atlantic pattern; (b) in phases with
reduced (passive) low-frequency variability a global mode connects tropics and midlatitudes. The characteristic space scales are similar in the coupled and the consistent atmospheric
experiment; the time scales of the atmospheric eigenmodes are modified by ocean dynamics. In the active (passive) phase the
corresponding atmospheric mode is reinforced by the North Atlantic (tropical Pacific) SST.
Received: 15 September 2000 / Accepted: 30 March 2001 相似文献
19.
M. J. Salinger 《Climatic change》2013,119(1):23-35
Climatic variability has profound effects on the distribution, abundance and catch of oceanic fish species around the world. The major modes of this climate variability include the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) also referred to as the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Other modes of climate variability include the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO). ENSO events are the principle source of interannual global climate variability, centred in the ocean–atmosphere circulations of the tropical Pacific Ocean and operating on seasonal to interannual time scales. ENSO and the strength of its climate teleconnections are modulated on decadal timescales by the IPO. The time scale of the IOD is seasonal to interannual. The SAM in the mid to high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere operates in the range of 50–60 days. A prominent teleconnection pattern throughout the year in the Northern Hemisphere is the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) which modulates the strength of the westerlies across the North Atlantic in winter, has an impact on the catches of marine fisheries. ENSO events affect the distribution of tuna species in the equatorial Pacific, especially skipjack tuna as well as the abundance and distribution of fish along the western coasts of the Americas. The IOD modulates the distribution of tuna populations and catches in the Indian Ocean, whilst the NAO affects cod stocks heavily exploited in the Atlantic Ocean. The SAM, and its effects on sea surface temperatures influence krill biomass and fisheries catches in the Southern Ocean. The response of oceanic fish stocks to these sources of climatic variability can be used as a guide to the likely effects of climate change on these valuable resources. 相似文献
20.
S. Hetzinger J. Halfar J. V. Mecking N. S. Keenlyside A. Kronz R. S. Steneck W. H. Adey P. A. Lebednik 《Climate Dynamics》2012,39(6):1447-1455
Decadal- to multidecadal variability in the extra-tropical North Pacific is evident in 20th century instrumental records and has significant impacts on Northern Hemisphere climate and marine ecosystems. Several studies have discussed a potential linkage between North Pacific and Atlantic climate on various time scales. On decadal time scales no relationship could be confirmed, potentially due to sparse instrumental observations before 1950. Proxy data are limited and no multi-centennial high-resolution marine geochemical proxy records are available from the subarctic North Pacific. Here we present an annually-resolved record (1818–1967) of Mg/Ca variations from a North Pacific/Bering Sea coralline alga that extends our knowledge in this region beyond available data. It shows for the first time a statistically significant link between decadal fluctuations in sea-level pressure in the North Pacific and North Atlantic. The record is a lagged proxy for decadal-scale variations of the Aleutian Low. It is significantly related to regional sea surface temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index in late boreal winter on these time scales. Our data show that on decadal time scales a weaker Aleutian Low precedes a negative NAO by several years. This atmospheric link can explain the coherence of decadal North Pacific and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, as suggested by earlier studies using climate models and limited instrumental data. 相似文献