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1.
真武断裂带是高邮凹陷主要含油构造带之一,圈闭落实是该区油气勘探关键;断层活动及演化规律研究是建立地震解释模式、提高构造解释精度的前提。通过真武断裂带区域构造背景、构造样式、断层活动速率及平衡剖面等研究,明确了该区构造特征、断层活动及演化规律,为该区复杂小断块精细解释及断层组合提供了地质依据,取得较好的应用效果。 相似文献
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3.
Method for Stochastic Inverse Modeling of Fault Geometry and Connectivity Using Flow Data 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper focuses on fault-related uncertainties in the subsurface, which can significantly affect the numerical simulation
of physical processes. Our goal is to use dynamic data and process-based simulation to update structural uncertainty in a
Bayesian inverse approach. We propose a stochastic fault model where the number and features of faults are made variable.
In particular, this model samples uncertainties about connectivity between the faults. The stochastic three dimensional fault
model is integrated within a stochastic inversion scheme in order to reduce uncertainties about fault characteristics and
fault zone layout, by minimizing the mismatch between observed and simulated data. 相似文献
4.
长昌-鹤山凹陷为珠江口盆地珠四坳陷NE-SW走向的凹陷,是珠江口盆地继白云、荔湾深水区油气突破之后的又一个深水战略性勘探区块,目前无钻井,属于勘探新区,因此基础地质研究尤为重要。通过断层解释和地层厚度分析,认为文昌组和恩平组分别对应早期强裂陷阶段和晚期弱裂陷阶段,并识别多种不同级别和类型的构造变换带。以经典层序地层学理论为指导,通过对全区二维地震资料追踪闭合,将长昌-鹤山凹陷文昌组-恩平组划分为2个二级层序和7个三级层序。在三级层序格架内,根据地震相特征结合经典的地震相-沉积相转换关系,重建了研究区沉积充填演化过程。通过平面断层组合分析认为,研究区发育两个级别(Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级)、六种类型(同向未叠覆型、同向叠覆型、同向平行型、同向共线型、对向叠覆型和背向叠覆型)构造变换带。断陷活动的强弱控制着层序和沉积体系的发育,构造变换带、坡折带类型控制着砂体的分布与规模。针对研究区是深水勘探新区,可通过该思路从构造与沉积耦合度高的区域进行有利区带的预测,为低勘探程度深水研究区的油气勘探提供了科学依据。 相似文献
5.
柯东构造带是揭示西昆仑山前冲断带变形过程的关键区之一,也是当前油气勘探重要的目标区。由于该区构造变形
强、地层速度变化快以及地表条件复杂等因素,导致当前勘探面临着地震勘探资料品质差,构造建模多解性强等问题。文
章利用R型因子降维分析方法,通过对柯东构造带甫沙地区的重、磁、电反演成果进行降维分析,结果表明甫沙地区深部
发育断块构造,不存在地震剖面上显示的背斜构造;同时联合地震资料的综合解释,认为现今的甫沙地区发育的断块构造
是早期的完整背斜受早更新世山前右旋走滑断裂改造的结果。在柯东构造带的综合建模实践表明,通过地震与非地震方法
的联合约束可以为认识复杂冲断带的构造变形提供有效的手段。 相似文献
6.
【研究目的】川西坳陷东坡侏罗系沙溪庙组气藏常规构造优势区挖掘潜力已不大、对于勘探程度较低的复杂断裂夹持区的气藏地质认识明显滞后。【研究方法】基于近年来的勘探开发资料和数据,运用构造控藏理论,本文研究了断裂断面形态类型和流体势差对油气成藏的控制,探讨了断裂夹持区内的油气分布规律,总结了南北断裂系统油气富集的差异性。【研究结果】断裂断面形态中以坡坪式断裂所控制的河道油气充注程度高、有利于高效成藏,低角度铲式断裂次之,高角度平直-铲式断裂成藏性最差;流体势差使得烃源岩天然气途径高势区向远距离砂体充注困难;断裂夹持区虽然在较窄的两端裂缝网络发育导致油气逸散很难成藏,但较宽的中部若由坡坪式断裂和低角度铲状断裂夹持输导则可形成相对较好的油气富集带。【结论】综合认为南部构造总体上优于北部、中部夹持区具有一定潜力,成藏的关键因素仍然受断裂形态特征和输导能力的控制。创新点：针对川西坳陷东坡地区沙溪庙组不同断裂,按照断面形态研究其对油气成藏的控制、流体势差对油气运移的影响;探讨了“垒式、堑式”断裂夹持区内的油气分布规律、明确了南北断裂系统油气富集的差异性。 相似文献
7.
构造断阶对沉积的控制:来自地震、测井和露头的实例 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
构造断阶是裂谷盆地(特别是裂谷盆地发育早期)或断陷盆地边缘发育的一种构造样式,反映盆地边缘因断块差异沉降所形成的沉积斜坡地形的阶梯变化。在地震剖面可以解释出许多不同类型的断阶带,并在此框架下根据地震反射结构解释地震相和沉积相。构造断阶带的不同类型控制了不同的沉积样式。构造断阶的识别约束了地震解释的多解性。测井资料的运用可以证实断阶带的沉积控制作用,约束地震解释,也可以进行沉积微相及空间分布的精细研究.地震、测井的实例分别来自松辽盆地徐家围子断陷和渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷。来自胶莱盆地野外露头的实例从另一方面证实了这种控制作用。与钻井或测井资料相比,露头资料具有连续性。露头的详细分析可得到构造断阶对沉积和地层结构控制的细节。构造断阶(带)与沉积作用关系的模式可以提供油气勘探的地质模型。 相似文献
8.
Uncertainty in the interpretation of geological data is an inherent element of geology. Datasets from different sources: remotely sensed seismic imagery, field data and borehole data, are often combined and interpreted to create a geological model of the sub-surface. The data have limited resolution and spatial distribution that results in uncertainty in the interpretation of the data and in the subsequent geological model(s) created. Methods to determine the extent of interpretational uncertainty of a dataset, how to capture and express that uncertainty, and consideration of uncertainties in terms of risk have been investigated. Here I review the work that has taken place and discuss best practice in accounting for uncertainties in structural interpretation workflows. Barriers to best practice are reflected on, including the use of software packages for interpretation. Experimental evidence suggests that minimising interpretation error through the use of geological reasoning and rules can help decrease interpretation uncertainty; through identification of inadmissible interpretations and in highlighting areas of uncertainty. Understanding expert thought processes and reasoning, including the use of visuospatial skills, during interpretation may aid in the identification of uncertainties, and in the education of new geoscientists. 相似文献
9.
In this paper, seismic risk scenarios for Bucharest, the capital city of Romania, are proposed and assessed. Bucharest has one of the highest seismic risk levels in Europe, and this is due to a combination of relatively high seismic hazard and a building stock built mainly before the devastating Vrancea 1977 earthquake. In this study, the seismic risk of Bucharest is assessed using the most recent information regarding the characteristics of the residential building stock. The ground motion amplitudes are evaluated starting from random fields obtained by coupling a ground motion model derived for the Vrancea intermediate-depth seismic source with a spatial correlation model. The seismic risk evaluation method applied in this study is based on the well-known macroseismic method. For several structural typologies, the vulnerability parameters are evaluated based on a damage survey performed on 18,000 buildings in Bucharest after the March 1977 earthquake. Subsequently, the risk metrics are compared with those from other studies in the literature that apply a different risk assessment methodology in order to gain a better view of the uncertainties associated with a seismic risk study at city level. Finally, the impact of several Vrancea intermediate-depth earthquake scenarios is evaluated and the results show that the earthquake which has the closest epicenter to Bucharest appears to be the most damaging.
相似文献10.
11.
Abstract The definition of the active fault geometry and kinematics in young evolving orogens may be difficult owing to changes in the structural architecture which may occur with a frequence of few hundred thousand years. Cases from the central Apennines well illustrate this problem. The Avezzano-Bussi and Vallelonga-Salto Valley fault systems (65 and 85 km long, respectively) show clear evidence of Pliocene-early Pleistocene activity and have been responsible for the formation of intermontane basins. Available geological data, however, indicate that only minor segments (the Tre Monti and Trasacco faults, both 7 km long) of the mentioned faults have to be considered active during the late Pleistocene-Holocene, as faults accommodating minor deformations inside an intermontane basin. The L'Aquila fault system underwent significant geometrical and kinematic modifications during the Quaternary, with the reactivation of minor portions of parallel normal faults to draw a new system of en-echelon normal-oblique left-lateral faults. The Laga Mts. fault experienced an along-fault activity migration. The portion of the fault which was active earlier during the Quaternary shows a significant decrease or end of the activity while a portion previously not active displays impressive evidence of late Pleistocene-Holocene displacements. Structural changes in the intermontane basins bounded by the Colfiorito fault system also indicate that the intensity of the tectonic activity decreased during the Quaternary. Not defining the structural evolution in the above mentioned cases would imply wrong conclusions for both the fault geometry and kinematics which may be delivered for seismotectonics and seismic hazard assessment. This typically leads to overestimate the fault length and the expected magnitude or to the increase in the number of seismogenic sources affecting an area. Finally, the definition of the structural evolution permits to select between different geometrical options in terms of active faulting framework (e.g. a system of parallel normal faults vs. a system of en-echelon normal oblique faults as in the case of the L'Aquila fault system) related to different geometries at depth (detachment normal fault vs. high-angle oblique fault). © 2001 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS 相似文献
12.
构造转换带是油气藏勘探开发研究的重要领域,分布在多种类型的挤压或伸展盆地中。基于转换带的理论基础,认为同沉积时期其对砂体的汇聚具有显著的控制作用。平湖斜坡带孔雀亭地区平湖组处于断拗转换期,厘清该时期同沉积断裂体系所组成的构造转换带如何控砂控相,对下步勘探开发具有重要意义。基于三维地震资料解释和录井资料研究,通过构造样式、断裂体系与生长指数梳理,厘清孔雀亭地区平行、共线与叠覆三种转换带类型;同时,转换带控制洼隆相间古地貌的形成,进而控制沉积砂体在近断裂转换点且可容纳空间大的地势低洼区卸载与富集,发育形成坡积扇、前缘水下扇和复合砂坝等沉积微相。根据古地貌特征、转换带类型与沉积砂体的匹配关系,厘定挠曲型平行转换带控砂模式、雁列型共线转换带控砂模式和扭动改造型叠覆转换带控砂模式。其中,挠曲型平行转换带与雁列型共线转换带聚砂效果最为显著。论文工作为后续构造—岩性油气藏勘探提供一定经验。 相似文献
13.
We propose an analytical method, namely the SORTAN method, to determine the sense of slip on faults as induced by stresses. This method is useful to infer the sense of motion along faults whose surface cannot be directly accessed, such as faults imaged in the subsurface. Because the SORTAN method is based on the Wallace–Bott hypothesis, we assume that the shear stress vector applied to a given fault is parallel to the slip vector on this fault. The assumptions allow for simplification of the method that in turn implies very short calculation times. A concise formalism is adopted. We introduce the stress ratio ' that accounts for (1) the type of stress regime (i.e., strike-slip, reverse or normal) and (2) the degree of anisotropy of the stress state. The formalism of the SORTAN method permits an easy exploration and imaging of the complete collection of slip motions that may theoretically occur on fault planes. The input parameters are the fault plane orientation, the type and anisotropy of the stress regime, and the azimuth of the horizontal stress axes. 相似文献
14.
吐木休克断裂是塔里木盆地西部的一条大型基底卷人断裂,构成塔里木盆地次级构造单元阿瓦提凹陷和巴楚隆起的边界,由于断裂附近大量地层的缺失,难以确定断裂活动时间。通过对吐木休克断裂带典型地震剖面的系统解释,根据剖面特征,将其自西向东划分为5段,结合区域构造背景、沉积地层展布特征及其接触关系,重新厘定了吐木休克断裂的活动期次。结果表明吐木休克断裂具有多期活动特征,晚加里东期已开始逆冲活动,早侏罗世一早白垩世时期发生大规模冲断活动,巴楚隆起北缘构造在此时已形成雏形,喜山期为继承性冲断活动并最终定型。在此基础上建立了巴楚北缘油气成藏演化模式,认为吐木休克断裂上盘第一排构造带的碳酸盐岩圈闭及断裂下盘碎屑岩断鼻圈闭是下步有利勘探区带,关键是加强油气保存条件评价,巴楚北缘仍具有较好油气勘探前景。 相似文献
15.
构造楔形体的形成需要两个条件,一是两条相互连接的断层,二是这两条断层的位移传递方向相反。当反向传递的位移量切割了上覆地层,通常在楔形体前翼形成具指示意义的背斜构造,此类背斜可作为判断深部构造楔形体存在的直接依据。准噶尔盆地南缘3排背斜内带的构造楔形体模式非常典型,并表现为“混序”的特征。在山前深部楔形体沿侏罗系西山窑组煤层向北扩展过程中,部分位移量沿构造楔顶部的反冲断层向南消减,并切割上覆地层形成第一排背斜带,另一部分位移量则继续向北传递,在断坡位置引发褶皱变形,形成第二排和第三排背斜带。在总位移量保持稳定的前提下,这3排背斜带在走向上的此消彼长反映了位移量在南、北两个方向上的转换。准噶尔盆地南缘第二、三排背斜带中-新生界内部发育多个小型的构造楔形体,这些互相叠置的楔形构造横向延伸不大,但有可能构成独立的成藏系统,具有不同的油气水特征,从而造成同一个背斜带不同部位的含油气性迥异。在油气勘探中应通过加强地震采集、处理和解释攻关,力求精细刻画各个楔形构造在三维空间的展布,再针对已落实的楔形体展开钻探。 相似文献
16.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(2):144-164
The Salado River fault (SRF) is a prominent structure in southern Mexico that shows evidence of reactivation at two times under different tectonic conditions. It coincides with the geological contact between a structural high characterized by Palaeozoic basement rocks to the north, and an ～2000 m thick sequence of marine and continental rocks that accumulated in a Middle Jurassic–Cretaceous basin to the south. Rocks along the fault within a zone up to 150 m across record crystal-plastic deformation affecting the metamorphic basement of the Palaeozoic Acatlán Complex. Later brittle deformation is recorded by both the basement and the overlying Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. Regional features and structural textures at both outcrop and microscopic scale indicate two episodes of left-lateral displacement. The first took place under low-to medium-grade P-T conditions in the late Early Jurassic (180 Ma) based on the interpretation of 40Ar/39Ar ratios from muscovite within the fault zone; the second occurred under shallow conditions, when the fault served as a transfer zone between areas with differing magnitudes of shortening north and south of the fault. In the southern block, fold hinges were dragged westward during Laramide tectonic transport to the east, culminating in brittle deformation characterized by strike–slip faulting in the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. North of the fault, folds are not well defined, and it is clear that the fold hinges observed in the southern block do not continue north of the fault. Although the orientation and kinematics of the SRF are similar to major Cainozoic shear zones in southern Mexico, our new data indicate that the fault had become inactive by the time of Oligocene volcanism. 相似文献
17.
K. Vozoff D. Kerr R. F. Moore D. L. B. Jupp R. J. G. Lewis 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):361-375
The Murray Basin is geologically featureless, has been sparsely covered by geophysics, and is penetrated by a few scattered wells. Only drilling and reflection seismic work have provided consistently reliable depth information. They have indicated the presence of narrow troughs, which contain more than 3 km of Palaeozoic sediment, covered by basement highs with less than 300 m of Mesozoic and Cainozoic cover. Six widely spaced magnetotelluric (MT) sites were occupied in the north central Murray Basin. Results showed a 5 km thick horizontal section at Pooncarie, with a probably average porosity of 10%. Higher porosities, and probably a thicker section, were indicated near Little Topar, but the structural complexity there requires that additional data be acquired for positive interpretation. A persistent conductivity increase near 100 km suggests that the method may respond well to the base of the tectonic plate. The MT method appears well suited to the onshore exploration problems currently faced in Australia. 相似文献
18.
Prospectivity analyses are used to reduce the exploration search space for locating areas prospective for mineral deposits.The scale of a study and the type of mineral system associated with the deposit control the evidence layers used as proxies that represent critical ore genesis processes.In particular,knowledge-driven approaches(fuzzy logic)use a conceptual mineral systems model from which data proxies represent the critical components.These typically vary based on the scale of study and the type of mineral system being predicted.Prospectivity analyses utilising interpreted data to represent proxies for a mineral system model inherit the subjectivity of the interpretations and the uncertainties of the evidence layers used in the model.In the case study presented,the prospectivity for remobilised nickel sulphide(NiS)in the west Kimberley,Western Australia,is assessed with two novel techniques that objectively grade interpretations and accommodate alternative mineralisation scenarios.Exploration targets are then identified and supplied with a robustness assessment that reflects the variability of prospectivity value for each location when all models are considered.The first technique grades the strength of structural interpretations on an individual line-segment basis.Gradings are obtained from an objective measure of feature evidence,which is the quantification of specific patterns in geophysical data that are considered to reveal underlying structure.Individual structures are weighted in the prospectivity model with grading values correlated to their feature evidence.This technique allows interpreted features to contribute prospectivity proportional to their strength in feature evidence and indicates the level of associated stochastic uncertainty.The second technique aims to embrace the systemic uncertainty of modelling complex mineral systems.In this approach,multiple prospectivity maps are each generated with different combinations of confidence values applied to evidence layers to represent the diversity of processes potentially leading to ore deposition.With a suite of prospectivity maps,the most robust exploration targets are the locations with the highest prospectivity values showing the smallest range amongst the model suite.This new technique offers an approach that reveals to the modeller a range of alternative mineralisation scenarios while employing a sensible mineral systems model,robust modelling of prospectivity and significantly reducing the exploration search space for Ni. 相似文献
19.
借助三维地震数据体资料,通过构造剖面解释、断层落差计算、平衡剖面构造演化史分析,以及变换带类型的划分,对冀中坳陷宝坻-桐柏镇变换带形成机制进行研究。结果表明:宝坻-桐柏镇变换带属于同向传递型,内部构造样式为地垒和变换断层,而琥珀营断层、杨税务断层等对其起反向调节作用;沙四期变换带南北两侧伸展差异最大,沙三期强烈活动并构造定型,沙二-沙一时期继承性发育并迅速减弱,东营期活动再次变强,之后衰亡,构造活动呈现出阶段式减弱的趋势。结合区域构造分析表明,宝坻-桐桐柏镇变换带为调节大厂-武清凹陷与廊固凹陷伸展差异的构造,构造变形与边界断层活动具有时空匹配性。最新油气勘探研究表明,变换带两侧的强、弱构造域分别发育烃源岩和圈闭,而变换断层则沟通源储,故该区域是油气勘探的有利指向区。 相似文献
20.
石坑岽矿区位于龙永煤田南部、抚市向斜的西翼,总体构造形态为一轴向近东西的背斜,受构造影响,背斜形态受到破坏严重。隔溪井田位于石坑岽矿区的东北,已查明的构造形态由多个钻孔控制,井田内的F11断层为逆断层,资料证实该断层延伸至石坑岽矿区,但在石坑岽矿区被确定为正断层（F5）,为此利用隔溪井田中的10、17、23号钻孔资料及石坑岽矿区已有研究成果,对矿区内多条断层进行了重新解释,认定石坑岽矿区F5即为隔溪井田的F11逆断层。重新厘定的矿区构造形态,为石坑岽矿区转入详查勘探具有理论指导作用。 相似文献