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1.
本文利用1976年以来珠江口海域的调查资料,分析了珠江口海域海水和表层沉积物中放射性总α、总β的分布特征。结果表明,其含量分布水平受陆源物质的来源及水动力作用所控制,且海水和沉积物中放射性总α、总β含量分别与海水盐度和沉积物中的粘土、有机质、pH等环境因子有显著的相关性。多年监测结果表明,本海域的放射性含量的年变化不 相似文献
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采用共沉淀法分析测定了阳江核电站邻近海域2012—2013年海水样品总α、总β的放射性比活度、表层沉积物样品中总β的放射性比活度以及2013年生物样品中总β的放射性比活度。结果表明:2012—2013年两年间阳江核电站邻近海域海水中总α的放射性比活度范围为:0. 083～0. 205 Bq/L,平均值为0. 134 Bq/L;总β的放射性比活度范围为:0. 029～0. 059 Bq/L,平均值为0. 043 Bq/L。与渤海、黄海、东海、珠江口等其他海域相比,阳江核电邻近海域总α、总β放射性比活度水平相对较低。2012—2013年阳江核电站邻近海域表层沉积物中总β的放射性比活度范围为:620～1 125 Bq/kg (干重),平均值为814 Bq/kg (干重)。与渤海、黄海、东海、珠江口等各海域沉积物相比,研究海域沉积物中总β的放射性比活度位于中等水平。2013年阳江核电站邻近海域生物样品总β的放射性比活度范围为:16. 1～74. 7 Bq/kg,平均值为39. 4 Bq/kg,其中鱼类的总β平均值为64. 6 Bq/kg,虾类的总β平均值为36. 8 Bq/kg,贝类的总β平均值为16. 7 Bq/kg,呈现鱼类虾类贝类的分布趋势。 相似文献
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文章用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对湛江港海水中总锌（Zn）、总铬（Cr）的含量进行为期1年4个航次（春、夏、秋、冬）的调查和分析。结果表明：湛江港海水中总锌、总铬含量较低,年平均含量分别为1.42×10-2mg/L、2.65×10-2mg/L,其污染指数也较小,分别为0.284、0.265;但各季度海水中总锌、总铬平均含量变化趋势不同：总锌含量由大到小依次为春季、冬季、夏季、秋季,总铬含量由大到小依次为秋季、冬季、春季、夏季;最后用单因子污染指数法对湛江港海水中总锌、总铬含量进行评价,结果表明：湛江港海水中的总锌、总铬含量分别低于国家二、一类海水水质标准规定的限值,符合《广东省海洋功能区划》规定的国家二类海水水质标准。 相似文献
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本文根据１９９３～１９９５年对胶州湾进行得每年３个航次季节性环境监测资料,初步分析了该海域海水总汞含量及其分布特点。认为：１．无明显季节性差异,年平均值略呈上升趋势;２．各站位略有变化,即几个河口小部分水域略高于其他站位;３．表、底层含汞量基本一致;４．我国和日本国近海几个海区基本持平。总之,胶州湾海水总汞含量较低,尚未受到汞的污染。 相似文献
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南海环境污染调查先后历时六年,在七万多平方公里的海域上采集上千计的样品,应用PAN法分析海水、底质和海洋生物的总β和总α放射性,并对PAN富集到的核素和重金属进行连测,取得了较好的结果。本文着重介绍PAN法的试验情况、应用结果及分布规律。 相似文献
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若干南极环境样品的放射性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文观测比较了第六次南极考察采集的样品和190年采集的中国近海样品的放射性。结果表明,南极海洋沉积物的天然核素、~(137)Cs与中国近海沉积物一样均处于正常的波动范围,并有明显的沉积现象;南大洋表层海水的总β放射性比中国近海海水的少17%～52%;南极地衣对总β放射性的浓集系数达1.3×10~3～2.3×10~3,茎、果实是浓集放射性的关键器官,对~(137)Cs的浓集量达17.5Bq/kg(干),为中国近海海洋植物的8～14倍。 相似文献
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东海大陆架海水总β强度的测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于大部分人工放射性同位素能放出β粒子,所以,可通过测定海水总β放射性的方法来了解海洋污染的状况;特别是在有新的核试验时,这种方法更能达到快速的目的。1954年,美国在太平洋比基尼和安尼维托克岛进行核试验时,日本首先研究和使用了这个方法,至今,在日本一直保持了测定海水总β的项目。1979年我国出版了海洋调查规范,其中也规定了测定总β的方法和要求。1978年7—8月,我们在东海大陆架调查中测定了海水的总β强度,确定了总β放射性水平以及总β强度的水平和垂直分布变化状况。 相似文献
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10.
1 水样的采集和分析 1.1 水样的采集和预处理 在1988～1990年间,我们对南海近海(包括大亚湾核电站周围海区)进行了放射性本底监测。共布设11个采水站位(见表1),每年3～4月份采水样一次,每站均采其表层海水100L,将所采海水装入塑料桶,并按每升海水加1ml浓HCL的比例进行酸化处理。 1.2 海水中放射性物质的分析 相似文献
11.
山东半岛南部近岸全新世泥质区表层沉积物 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
泥质区沉积记录是全新世海洋环境演变的重要信息载体。中国近海沿岸发育着若干小型泥质沉积体,比较明确的有南海西部近海的泥质区,但尚未进行研究。通过对山东半岛南部近岸海域采集的浅地层剖面资料精细解释后发现,在该区近岸海域存在一个小型泥质沉积区,主要分布在青岛崂山头以北至乳山口附近的近岸海域,整体上平行海岸线呈条带状分布,由近岸向海逐渐变薄,等厚深度分布平行于岸线,沉积中心位于鳌山湾海域,沉积中心最厚可达22.5 m。AMS14C测年结果表明,该泥质区形成于全新世。本文利用在泥质区采集的表层沉积物的粒度、黏土矿物、碎屑矿物、地球化学元素等分析测试结果,对比研究区周边主要入海中小河流物质成分和黄河物质成分,探讨了山东半岛南部近岸海域泥质沉积区的沉积特征和物源情况。结果表明,该泥质区的形成是黄河与周边入海河流共同作用的结果。 相似文献
12.
This study presents a review of extensive literature and reports new findings extracted from previously collected cores. Globally lowered sea level during the last glacial maximum (LGM) reduced the cross-sectional area in the Korea Strait, minimizing volume transport of the paleo-Tsushima Current and increasing freshwater input to the East Sea. The higher supply of freshwater played an important role in compositional changes of surface water in the sea, indicated by low sea surface salinity (down to about 20‰) and light d 18O of planktonic Foraminifera (lighter than 1‰) recorded in core sediments. The Korean fluvial systems (Nakdong and Seomjin rivers) emptying into the southeastern sea of Korea may have contributed substantially to freshwater supply to the surface layer of the LGM East Sea, although Chinese paleo-river (Huanghe and Yangtze rivers) waters, together with the paleo-Tsushima Current, also seem to have supplied some freshwater to the sea. The higher supply of river waters to the East Sea is strongly evidenced by the high amount of terrigenous material (quartz, feldspar and rock fragments) in core sediments. In addition, high magnetic susceptibility, high grain density, and high C/N ratios were documented in cores MB98PC-11 and 95PC-1. In contrast with earlier studies, we propose that Korean rivers played a more substantial role in supplying freshwater to the East Sea during the LGM than previously thought. 相似文献
13.
《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1999,46(10):2205-2220
Under present-day conditions, rivers are the main source of fine sediments dispersed to the Bay of Biscay. They deliver about 2.5×106 t yr−1 of continental fine sediments, 60% of which is derived from the Gironde estuary. Of this flux, 65% is believed stored on the shelf. Two kinds of mud fields can be found in the Bay of Biscay: coastal mud and shelf mud belts. The total mass of fine sediments stored during the past 2000 years is 3.2×109 t. Consequently, about 0.9×106 t yr−1 could reach the shelf edge and eventually the open sea. From this amount of displaced material and the deposition surface areas, an evaluation of sediment fluxes across the margin during the late Holocene period is discussed. This evaluation is compared with results obtained from ECOsystéme du canyon du cap-FERret (ECOFER) data from sediment traps and surficial box cores. 相似文献
14.
海南岛东南浅海表层沉积物粒度特征及沉积环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对海南岛东南浅海377组表层沉积物样品(平均水深112.3 m)开展粒度测定及沉积物类型划分,并运用统计规律及沉积输运趋势分析,探讨了底质沉积物分布格局与物质来源及沉积动力环境关系。结果表明,海南岛东南浅海沉积物类型复杂,共分布13种沉积物类型,粒度组成以粉砂和砂为主,平均粒径均值为5.73Φ,优势粒级为细粉砂级(6~8Φ),分选差。不同海域沉积物粒径差异明显,北部近岸以含砾沉积为主,中部呈NE-SW向的砂质沉积区(水深80~120 m),西南近岸滨海、北中部海域以及东南部海域多为粉砂、黏土沉积。结合地理位置、沉积物源及水动力条件差异,研究区划分为3个沉积区:I区主要以含砾粗颗粒沉积为主,受控于海南岛上径流及强风浪作用,物质来源以万泉河等河流输运及岸线侵蚀物质为主,强动力(高能)沉积环境;II区以砂沉积为主,受到表层流及风浪等共同影响,可能主要是残留滨海沉积混入了海南岛径流及岸线侵蚀、少量珠江流域及外海复杂来源等现代细粒物质的混合沉积,中等动力沉积环境;III区以细粒沉积为主,主要受华南近岸流、风浪作用及南海暖流影响,推测物质来源主要为海南岛河流输入、岸线侵蚀及复杂外海来源细粒物质的加入,弱动力(低能)沉积环境。 相似文献
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Studies on the biogeochemical cycling of organic contaminants in the Mediterranean have demonstrated the importance of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as relatively stable markers of recent anthropogenic influence in ocean systems. This paper presents results of hydrocarbon analyses of deep water profiles, sediments and their associated surface flocculent layers, and zooplankton samples collected in the western basin. Seawater concentrations were higher than those previously reported for the eastern basin and were consistent with the presence of industrial sources in the northwestern segment. In the water column, the percent of PCBs associated with filterable particles was related to the ambient concentrations of total suspended matter, distance from coastal input sources and on depth. The occurrence of deep water residues primarily in the dissolved phase and observations of subsurface maxima in seawater concentrations during a season of high surface productivity were consistent with the predictions of vertical transport models based on residues associated with sinking particles and equilibrium partitioning. Flocculent layers at the sea/sediment interface contained two and three orders of magnitude, respectively, more PCBs and petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) than their associated surface sediments. The flocculent particles also contained several biogenic hydrocarbons presumably originating from plankton and relatively soluble and labile contaminants such as hexachlorohexane isomers (HCH) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), thus confirming that the majority of the flux of hydrocarbons to sediments is carried on rapidly settling large particles. By combining the sediment and flocculents data with published sedimentation rates for the deep basins of the Mediterranean, a yearly flux rate of PCBs to the open sea sediments was estimated as 13 μg m−2 yr−1 or less than half of the rate measured in a coastal sediment trap experiment. Analytical results are placed in the context of other distribution data for PCBs and long-term flux studies to construct a partial mass balance budget for this semi-enclosed sea. The computed coastal inventory showed that about 35% remains suspended in the water column while the majority of residues are deposited in coastal sediments. However in the open sea, the deep water column may contain up to 70% of the total inventory and may be a continually increasing reservoir of stable organic contaminants reaching the ocean. The budget shows that priority for improved research and monitoring efforts in ocean systems should be given to continued advancement in techniques for the precise measurement of deep water concentrations and for measuring current atmospheric inputs and sedimentation rates in order to develop more accurate ocean flux models. 相似文献
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沿岸某些人为地质灾害与沉积层的性质有关。我国沿岸沉积层的特征和分布依赖于河流输沙。注入构造沉降带的多为大河,其输沙量占入海河流输沙量的90％以上,且颗粒较细,形成厚层第四纪泥质沉积层。注入隆起带的河流其输沙量少于10％,且以沙砾为主,形成沙砾层。依据我国沿岸沉积层的分布格局,可以预测某些人为地质灾害。 相似文献
17.
Akira Kurata 《Journal of Oceanography》1970,26(2):81-86
Transudation of vitamin B12 from the surface layer of bottom muds in Maizuru Bay and in the Sea of Hiuchi was investigated in this report. The total counts of heterotrophs and bacteria producing vitamin B12 in the bottom muds in these coastal regions were also examined. Results obtained were as follows:
- In the marine bottom in these coastal regions, vitamin B12 is continuously transuded from the surface layer of bottom muds to sea water. Accordingly, it is reasonably supposed that the surface layer of bottom muds, in which vitamin B12 is produced and accumulated, is a source of provision of the vitamin in the coastal regions.
- On an average, the quantity of transudation of vitamin B12 from the surface layer of bottom muds to sea water is 2.6 μμg/cm2/hr and 5.2μμg/cm2/hr in Maizuru Bay and in the Sea of Hiuchi respectively.
- In the surface layer of bottom muds in these coastal regions, the quantity of transudation of vitamin B12 is correlated with the content of the vitamin and the counts of bacteria producing the vitamin.
18.
中国东部晚更新世以来的海水进退 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：19
我国东部滨海平原及其以东的浅海陆架,是第四纪冰川时期海岸线往复迁移的地带.要掌握海水的进退边界及反复过程,必须在沉积层序学和年代学的广泛研究基础上,依据古滨线沉积和残留地貌标志,与世界典型地区的海面变化模式进行对比,才能获得冰川性海面变化及构造型海面变化在我国东部海面升降及海水进退过程中互相影响、相互消长的时空表现. 相似文献
19.
长江口细颗粒泥沙絮凝作用及其制约因素研究 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
简要介绍了人海河口细颗粒泥沙的絮凝机理;以长江口细颗粒泥沙絮凝作用的研究为例,概述了影响河口细颗粒泥沙絮凝的若干因子;着重介绍了长江口水体生物地球化学过程对于细颗粒泥沙絮凝作用影响的研究进展。在此基础上,结合国内外相关研究的最新进展以及河口工程与环境中的泥沙问题,提出未来工作设想。 相似文献
20.
Stable isotope ratios (δ13C) of total organic carbon were measured in surface sediments from the continental margins of the northern and western Gulf of Mexico, the north coast of Alaska and the Niger Delta. Gulf of Mexico outer-shelf isotope ratios were in the same range as has been reported for Atlantic coastal shelf sediments, ?21.5 to ?20‰. Off large rivers including the Mississippi, Niger and Atchafalaya (Louisiana), δ13C values increased from terrigenous-influenced (around ?24‰) to typically marine () within a few tens of kilometers from shore. This change was accompanied by a decrease in the amount of woody terrigenous plant remains in the sediment. Alaskan continental margin samples from the cold Beaufort Sea had isotopically more negative carbon (?25.5 to ?22.6‰) than did warmer-water sediments. The data indicate that the bulk of organic carbon in Recent sediments from nearshore to outer continental shelves is marine derived. 相似文献