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1.
The main biochemicals (such as lignin, protein, cellulose, sugar, starch, chlorophyll and water) of vegetation are directly or indirectly involved in major ecological processes, such as the functions of terrestrial ecosystems (i.e., nutrient-cycling processes, primary production, and decomposition). Remote sensing techniques provide a very convenient way of data acquisition capable of covering a large area several times during one season, so it can play a unique and essential role provided that we can relate remote sensing measurements to the biochemical characteristics of the Earth surface in a reliable and operational way. The application of remote sensing techniques for the estimation of canopy biochemicals was reviewed. Three methods of estimating biochemical concentrations of vegetation were included in this paper: index, stepwise multiple linear regression, and stepwise multiple linear regression based on a model of the forest crown. In addition, the vitality and potential applying value are stressed.  相似文献   

2.
To date, the interpretation of remote sensing images has not revealed wide-spread degradation of the vegetation in the Sahel. However, the interpretation of spectral information depends on a range of assumptions regarding the dynamics of the Sahelian vegetation as a function of rainfall variability and human management. Recent papers have presented diverging views on the vegetation dynamics of the Sahel and how these can be analysed with remote sensing images. We present a further analysis of the vegetation dynamics of semi-arid rangelands, in particular the Sahel, and the subsequent implications for the interpretation of remote sensing images. Specifically, the ecological processes driving the response of the Sahelian vegetation to rainfall variation are re-examined, and a regression analysis of NPP versus rainfall data is carried out. It is shown that the relation between the interannual variation in NPP and rainfall in the Sahel is non-linear and that this relation differs between sites with different average annual rainfall. It has been common practise in remote sensing studies for the Sahel to aggregate data from various Sahelian sites in order to obtain an average relation between rainfall, NPP and Rain Use Efficiency, and to assume these relations to be linear. This paper shows that this approach may lead to a bias in the interpretation of remote sensing images and that further work is required to clarify if wide-spread ecosystem degradation has occurred in the Sahel.  相似文献   

3.
借鉴国内外基于遥感手段监测植被的方法,利用MODIS-NDVI遥感影像数据,探讨如何对草地变化进行监测。提取青海湖流域典型草原遥感影像植被指数,并与野外调查获得的79个样方生物量数据进行对比分析,建立了多个回归模型用于研究植被指数与草地产草量的相关关系。结果表明,植被指数与草地产草量之间存在较好的相关性,但是不同的回归模型与草地产草量相关性程度存在一定的差别,非线性回归模型优于一元线性回归模型,该方法的提出有助于监测青海湖流域草地变化情况。  相似文献   

4.
Relationship between vegetation and environmental factors has always been a major topic in ecology, but it has also been an important way to reveal vegetation’s dynamic response to and feedback effects on climate change. For the special geographical location and climatic characteristics of the Qaidam Basin, with the support of traditional and remote sensing data, in this paper a vegetation coverage model was established. The quantitative prediction of vegetation coverage by five environmental factors was initially realized through multiple stepwise regression (MSR) models. However, there is significant multicollinearity among these five environmental factors, which reduces the performance of the MSR model. Then through the introduction of the Moran Index, an indicator that reflects the spatial auto-correlation of vegetation distribution, only two variables of average annual rainfall and local Moran Index were used in the final establishment of the vegetation coverage model. The results show that there is significant spatial autocorrelation in the distribution of vegetation. The role of spatial autocorrelation in the establishment of vegetation coverage model has not only improved the model fitting R2 from 0.608 to 0.656, but also removed the multicollinearity among independents.  相似文献   

5.
遥感对地观测为理解陆地植被动态与全球环境变化规律提供了数据基础,基于卫星观测的全球植被遥感数据产品近年来层出不穷,但缺乏基于数据使用者视角的系统梳理。本文回顾了全球植被遥感数据产品的发展历程,梳理了相关卫星计划及对应数据产品,分析了从植被光谱指数到生物物理特征参量、传统光学遥感反演到叶绿素荧光及星载微波反演产品、从单一传感器生产到多数据源—多数据集融合产品的发展脉络,阐述了全球植被遥感数据产品的来源、特征与关联关系。认为当前全球植被遥感数据产品的生产与应用存在一定脱节,遥感产品精度制约了对地球系统的深入理解。全球植被遥感数据产品正从宏观状态监测向专业化、精细化、标准化转变,建议未来制备全球遥感数据产品应充分利用目前已积累的长时序观测数据,融合多源观测资料,提升现有数据集的时空分辨率、精度及连续性;注重提高特殊区域与特定类型生态系统的反演精度,加强多维植被特征的一体化监测;建立全球植被产品数据共享平台,提供标准的全流程数据处理与分发服务,将数据不确定性信息高效、清晰提供给用户。  相似文献   

6.
植被覆盖度是监测生态系统及其功能的关键参数,如何提高大区域植被覆盖度的反演精度,对生态脆弱区环境可持续发展至关重要。本研究基于人工神经网络、支持向量回归和随机森林等机器学习方法,利用无人机、Worldview-2与Landsat 8 OLI遥感数据,对科尔沁沙地植被覆盖度进行多尺度反演。结果表明:随机森林模型比人工神经网络、支持向量回归模型表现佳,可在单元(试验区)、区域(研究区)尺度上较高精度地反演沙地的植被覆盖度,反演值与无人机实测值均在线性水平上呈显著相关(P<0.01);在单元、区域尺度上,构建的植被覆盖度反演模型测试集R2分别为0.84、0.80,MSE分别为0.0145、0.0370,一致性指数d分别为0.9576、0.8991。利用多源遥感数据和机器学习方法,通过局部区域的高精度反演逐步实现低空间分辨率遥感影像的大区域植被覆盖度反演,不仅可有效提高沙地植被覆盖度的反演精度(R2=0.78,大于0.63),也为区域生态环境监测与生态系统健康评价提供支持。  相似文献   

7.
植物物候遥感监测精度影响因素研究综述   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
基于植物物候的遥感监测对于研究植被对气候变化的响应具有重要的科学价值。本文在阐述植物物候遥感监测原理及其通用技术流程的基础上,分别从植被类型及其所处的地理条件、遥感数据源及其预处理、植物物候遥感识别方法和植物物候遥感监测结果评价4个方面分析了影响植物物候遥感监测精度的因素,并针对当前研究中存在的不足,探讨了提高植物物候遥感监测精度的可行性途径,即建立高分辨率的近地面遥感定点观测及数据共享网络,发展普适性更强的卫星遥感时序数据去噪及植被指数曲线重建方法,寻求稳定性更高的植物物候期遥感识别方法,探索综合运用地面观测、遥感监测与模型模拟实现物候观测空间尺度拓展的可能性。  相似文献   

8.
针对遥感影像混合像元光谱复杂,其非线性特征,传统LSMM分解模型难以进行有效的混合像元分解的不足。通过基于SVR的二端元混合像元分解的研究,从真实遥感影像上获取典型的植被、非植被光谱信息,构造二端元混合光谱库,进行SVR模型的混合像元分解。当样本量为6%时,交叉验证获得最佳模型参数(C=1024.0和g=4.0),进一步对全部混合像元进行混合像元分解。实验结果表明:SVR分解结果RMSE为5.95,R2为0.958,优于LSMM方法(RMSE=7.71,R2=0.932),且在各个不同真值丰度下具有更好的稳定性,证明该方法对于非线性混合光谱具有很好的学习和推广能力。此外,该方法的精度不随训练样本量的增加呈明显变化,体现出SVR在有限样本情况下能够保证高效率的训练能力。  相似文献   

9.
阜康绿洲生态系统生物量空间格局分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
 利用阜康绿洲平原地区于2003年8月,在野外实测的53个样方植物的生物量干重数据与同期陆地卫星MODIS影像的第1,2通道250 m遥感数据,通过分析植被指数NDVI与绿洲植被生物量的相关关系,进而建立该遥感植被指数与植被生物量的一元线性和非线性回归模型。研究表明:植被指数NDVI与绿洲生态系统植被生物量之间存在较好的相关性;所建遥感植被指数与绿洲植被生物量的回归模型中,三次方程为所得到的非线性回归模型中最适合用于阜康绿洲生态系统植物生物量和生长的监测;并利用该模型进行分析同年4~9月研究区内植物生物量的时空间分布,并得出阜康绿洲生态系统植物生物量的时空分布特征。总体格局是:绿洲内部农业生态系统的生物量时空特征变化是十分的明显,生物量的增长从5月底至8月;且于7月、8月生物量达到旺盛时期;随后开始呈下降趋势;荒漠植物群落生物量时空特征有一定程度的变化但表现不明显,且荒漠植物生物量的变化在时空上是非同步性。这都是由于在整个生长季节内不同植物群落的生长发育表现不同的时间,和荒漠植物在时间上表现出不同物候导致的。同时分析了绿洲生态系统植物生物量的时空分布特征及相关影响生物量的多种因素。  相似文献   

10.
新疆荒漠稀疏植被覆盖度信息遥感提取方法比较   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
植被覆盖度信息是荒漠生态环境表征的重要指标之一。荒漠区地表植被稀疏,在遥感光谱信息中表现较弱,通用的植被覆盖度遥感提取方法应用于干旱荒漠区存在一定的局限性,为了探寻一种满足大尺度荒漠地区的植被覆盖度信息的提取方法,必须对比和分析现有的遥感方法在干旱荒漠区的应用效果。以新疆荒漠区为例,利用MODIS遥感影像和野外植被覆盖度实测数据,对常用的6种遥感植被覆盖度提取方法(改进的三波段梯度差法、像元二分法、线型混合像元分解法、归一化植被指数法、增强型植被指数法和修正型土壤调整植被指数法)的结果进行精度验证和对比分析。结果表明:MODIS影像上较难提取纯荒漠植被像元,用农作物的像元值代替会降低像元二分法和线性混合像元分解模型的模拟精度;植被指数法对地面实测数据依赖性较大,模拟的精度差异很大,仅考虑红光和近红外的归一化植被指数法模拟精度最低,而综合考虑土壤和大气因素的增强型植被指数法的模拟结果精度最高;改进的三波段最大梯度差法虽然模拟精度稍次之(R2=0.74;RMSE=13.46),但依据光谱的物理特性,能显著地反映南、北疆荒漠植被覆盖度的差异,是目前大尺度的荒漠区覆盖植被信息提取较为适宜的方法之一。  相似文献   

11.
Evapotranspiration is the key driving factor of the earth’s water cycle, and an important component of surface water and energy balances. Therefore, it also reflects the geothermal regulation function of ecohydrological process. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the birthplace of important rivers such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The regional water balance is of great significance to regional ecological security. In this study, ARTS, a dual- source remote sensing evapotranspiration model developed on a global scale, is used to evaluate the actual evapotranspiration (ET) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1982 to 2014, using meteorological data interpolated from observations, as well as FPAR and LAI data obtained by satellite remote sensing. The characteristics of seasonal. interannual and dynamic changes of evapotranspiration were analyzed. The rates at which meteorological factors contribute to evapotranspiration are calculated by sensitivity analysis and multiple linear regression analysis, and the dominant factors affecting the change of evapotranspiration in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are discussed. The results show that: (1) The estimated values can explain more than 80% of the seasonal variation of the observed values (R2 = 0.80, P < 0.001), which indicates that the model has a high accuracy. (2) The evapotranspiration in the whole year, spring, summer and autumn show significant increasing trends in the past 30 years, but have significant regional differences. Whether in the whole year or in summer, the southern Tibetan Valley shows a significant decreasing trend (more than 20 mm per 10 years), while the Ali, Lhasa Valley and Haibei areas show increasing trends (more than 10 mm per 10 years). (3) Sensitivity analysis and multiple linear regression analysis show that the main factor driving the interannual change trend is climate warming, followed by the non-significant increase of precipitation. However, vegetation change also has a considerable impact, and together with climate factors, it can explain 56% of the interannual variation of evapotranspiration (multiple linear regression equation R2 = 0.56, P < 0.001). The mean annual evapotranspiration of low-cover grassland was 26.9% of high-cover grassland and 21.1% of medium-cover grassland, respectively. Considering significant warming and insignificant wetting in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the increase of surface evapotranspiration will threaten the regional ecological security at the cost of glacial melting water. Effectively protecting the ecological security and maintaining the sustainable development of regional society are difficult and huge challenges.  相似文献   

12.
虽然采用遥感图像提取的植被指数在空间上能较好的反映作物的状况,但其不能预测植被指数在空间上的变化范围,如果能从整体上了解不同市县在不同季节的平均植被指数值,就可以对该区域整体植被状态进行量化分析,也就可以从大范围内进行植被指数的预测分析.利用地理信息系统(GIS)和地统计学相结合的地理统计分析模块(ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst),根据MODIS遥感数据提取的每季度不同市县平均NDVI植被指数,采用Kriging插值的方法分析了海南岛归一化植被指数(NDVI)季节性变化趋势,并  相似文献   

13.
针对中亚地区的强生态脆弱性、高敏感性特征,有必要开展广域、长期的植被覆盖监测以匹配“绿色丝绸之路”的可持续发展目标。鉴于此,联合Landsat 5和Landsat 8卫星数据集,利用Google Earth Engine(GEE)地理空间数据云计算平台,估算了中亚地区1993—2018年间共12期的植被覆盖度。结果表明:(1)中亚地区植被覆盖总体水平较低,但也具有较为显著的空间异质性。(2)中亚地区1993—2018年间多数区域植被覆盖趋势较为稳定,哈萨克斯坦丘陵、费尔干纳盆地等区域植被覆盖度呈增加趋势,乌拉尔河流域和锡尔河流域等区域植被覆盖趋势为负。(3)植被覆盖度时序特征上,中亚地区1993—2018年间总体植被覆盖度累积增加3%,其中吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦植被覆盖分别增加3.96%和5.86%。(4)裸土区呈退缩趋势,面积总计减少25.9×104 km2,低植被覆盖区、中植被覆盖区和高植被覆盖区范围在呈现出的振荡式增加。研究结合遥感大数据和地理云计算对中亚地区进行区域尺度的植被覆盖动态监测,能对中亚地区生态评估和演替分析提供技术支持和定量数据。  相似文献   

14.
基于卫星遥感和再分析数据的青藏高原土壤湿度数据评估   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
范科科  张强  史培军  孙鹏  余慧倩 《地理学报》2018,73(9):1778-1791
土壤水是地表与大气在水热交换方面的关键纽带,是关键水循环要素,更是地表产汇流过程的关键控制因子。青藏高原是地球第三极,也是亚洲水塔,探讨青藏高原土壤水变化对于探讨青藏高原热力学特征变化及其对东亚乃至全球气候变化的影响具有重要意义,而获取高精度长序列大尺度土壤水数据集则是其关键。本文利用青藏高原100个土壤水站点观测数据,从多空间尺度(0.25°×0.25°,0.5°×0.5°,1°×1°)、多时间段(冻结和融化期)等角度,采用多评价指标(R、RMSE、Bias),对多套遥感反演和同化数据(ECV、ERA-Interim、MERRA、Noah)进行全面评估。结果表明:① 除ERA外,其他数据均能反映青藏高原土壤水变化,且与降水量变化一致。而在那曲地区,遥感反演和同化数据均明显低估实测土壤水含量。从空间分布来看,MERRA和Noah与植被指数最为一致,可很好地反映土壤水空间变化特征;② 青藏高原大部分地区土壤水变化主要受降水影响,其中青藏高原西部边缘与喜马拉雅地区土壤水变化则受冰雪融水和降水的共同影响;③ 除阿里地区外,大部分遥感反演和同化数据在融化期与实测土壤水相关性高于冻结期,其中在那曲地区,遥感反演和同化数据均高估冻结期土壤含水量,却低估融化期土壤含水量。另外,遥感反演和同化数据对中大空间尺度土壤水的估计要好于对小空间尺度土壤水的估计。本研究为青藏高原土壤水研究的数据集选择提供重要理论依据。  相似文献   

15.
水质遥感监测技术研究进展   总被引:20,自引:2,他引:18  
该文综述水质遥感监测研究的发展状况,阐述水质遥感监测的机理,介绍常用的遥感数据、遥感监测方法及其对叶绿素a、悬浮物、黄色物质等水质指标遥感监测的应用进展,提出该领域发展存在的主要问题,展望其发展方向和研究重点。  相似文献   

16.
黄河中游砒砂岩地区长川流域植被盖度及其动态分析   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
应用遥感监测并结合地面实测数据,分析黄河中游砒砂岩地区典型流域——内蒙古长川流域植被盖度及其变化特征。经野外实测数据进行检验植被盖度遥感监测的精度发现,以遥感手段通过植被盖度与归一化植被指数(NDVI)之间关系来估算长川流域植被盖度的精度达到81.3%。长川流域上游地区(北部)植被盖度相对较高,达到40%~70%;沟道两侧也有相对较高的植被盖度,也达到了30%~60%;一般梁峁地植被盖度较低,只有5%~15%。从1983年开始实施的小流域第一期水土流失重点治理和1993年至1997年期间实施的小流域第二期第一阶段水土流失重点治理的效果明显,使得长川流域植被盖度在该期间内大幅度增高。  相似文献   

17.
全球及区域模式中陆面过程的地表植被覆盖分类方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
全球和区域尺度上陆面生态系统与气候密切相关。全球和区域模式的发展对于我们认识气候与陆地生态的变化起到重要作用。在这些模型中,植被覆盖是影响大气-植被间热量、水分和CO2等交换的重要陆面参数。在分析了陆地植被覆盖分类原理基础上,介绍了目前全球不同植被覆盖分类方案,包括基于地基观测的植被分布、基于生物气候特征的分类方案(如:Holdridge的方案);特别近年来陆面过程试验表明,各种遥感数据源(如:NOAA—AVHRR,EOS—MODIS,Landsat—TM)等为我们提供了有利的工具来监测全球植被动态,完善植被分类,并且采用高时空分辨率的全球土地覆盖状况特征,在不同时空尺度揭示植被-大气相互作用。本文分析了代表性的3种基于卫星遥感技术的陆面植被分类方案,分别是BATS(18类)、SIB(9类)、SIB2(12类)和BIOME—BGC(31类)陆地模式的植被覆盖分类方案.最后分析了目前可用于全球植被覆盖分类的新的遥感数据库。  相似文献   

18.
Accurate quantification of aboveground biomass of grasslands in alpine regions plays an important role in accurate quantification of global carbon cycling. The monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), mean air temperature (Ta), ≥5℃ accumulated air temperature (AccT), total precipitation (TP), and the ratio of TP to AccT (TP/AccT) were used to model aboveground biomass (AGB) in grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. Three stepwise multiple regression methods, including stepwise multiple regression of AGB with NDVI and EVI, stepwise multiple regression of AGB with Ta, AccT, TP and TP/AccT, and stepwise multiple regression of AGB with NDVI, EVI, Ta, AccT, TP and TP/AccT were compared. The mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) values between estimated AGB by the NDVI and measured AGB were 31.05 g m-2 and 44.12 g m-2, and 95.43 g m-2 and 131.58 g m-2 in the meadow and steppe, respectively. The MAE and RMSE values between estimated AGB by the AccT and measured AGB were 33.61g m-2 and 48.04 g m-2 in the steppe, respectively. The MAE and RMSE values between estimated AGB by the vegetation index and climatic data and measured AGB were 28.09 g m-2 and 42.71 g m-2, and 35.86 g m-2 and 47.94 g m-2, in the meadow and steppe, respectively. The study finds that a combination of vegetation index and climatic data can improve the accuracy of estimates of AGB that are arrived at using the vegetation index or climatic data. The accuracy of estimates varied depending on the type of grassland.  相似文献   

19.
编制南北过渡带地区1∶25万和典型山地1∶5万植被类型图是南北过渡带综合科学考察的主要任务之一。以往植被类型图的编制都是采用大量的地面调查来完成的,地面调查方法虽然精确,但费时费力,并且由于自然条件的限制,地面调查往往只能覆盖较小的范围。遥感数据因为其全覆盖的优势,可以很好地弥补样方调查的局限性,但目前大范围的植被类型遥感信息提取尤其是自动提取方面仍然存在一定的困难和瓶颈。本文以1∶5万太白山植被类型图的编制为例,利用多源多时相的高分辨率遥感数据,结合地面调查数据、以往的各种比例尺的植被类型图数据和森林资源调查数据等,探讨并研究基于山地垂直带谱的中大比例尺植被类型图的遥感提取方法和制图方法。研究结果表明:① 山地植被垂直带谱可以有效地支持1∶5万山区植被类型图的遥感制图。利用太白山植被垂直带谱和1∶1万数字表面模型数据(DSM)可以生成具有垂直带谱信息的地形约束因子;将地形约束因子与多源多时相高分辨率遥感数据、地面调查数据、以往的小比例尺植被类型图数据等相结合,可以有效提取各级植被类型,从而实现中大比例尺植被类型图的编制。② 典型山地1∶5万植被类型图的遥感制图基本流程为植被型组解译→植被群系组、群系、亚群系解译→植被型、植被亚型分类,采取自上而下和自下而上相结合的分类方法来分类。本文的研究成果可以为中大比例尺植被类型图的编制提供示范和科学依据。  相似文献   

20.
张欣欣 《地理科学进展》2015,34(10):1288-1296
活动断层的位置分布及其地表变形变位特征的准确识别是研究和评价活动断层的基础,国内外学者利用数字高程模型(DEM)对断层提取进行了大量研究。本文基于DEM的活动断层位置的提取方法进行综述,总结了DEM提取断层位置的地貌形态特征分析、图像处理以及综合处理提取方法,突出介绍了高分辨率DEM在详细的断层位置分布提取中的优势,DEM在断层地表变形变位及其特征参数提取研究中的最新应用进展。随着高分辨率DEM的快速发展,DEM及其空间分析技术已成为一种常见的地学研究方法,将其与野外调查、遥感、测年等技术结合进行综合分析,能够促进对活动断层的深入研究,并成为断层定量化研究强有力的技术手段。  相似文献   

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