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1.
Karst groundwater protection in the Kupa River catchment area and sustainable development 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
One of the most significant water resources in the Republic of Croatia is the catchment area of the Kupa River, located in
the region bordering the Republic of Slovenia. About 88% of the total amount of water in this catchment originates in Croatia
and just 12% from Slovenia; therefore, the largest part of the catchment area (about 1000 km2) is on the Croatian side of the border. It is a typical karst area of the Dinarides with aquifers characterized by a relatively
rapid water exchange, high groundwater flow velocities and aquifers open to human impact from the surface. Consequently, the
aquifers are highly vulnerable and at risk. Due to the availability of large quantities of high-quality spring water (about
6 m3/s), the entire area has a strategic importance within the context of any future development strategy pertaining to the western
part of Croatia. The catchment area on the Croatian side was investigated using a wide range of research methods that included
a classical hydrogeological approach, the detailed hydrologic calculation of water balance to the hydrogeochemical analyses
and modelling. The objective was to determine protection zones and protection measures for the whole area. The difficulties
are increased due to the fact that the karst catchment area is crossed by major traffic corridors, oil pipelines and a railway
and that many settlements and a highly developed wood industry are present. The combination of protecting water resources
with adequate prevention measures and necessary remedial activities that should satisfy the very strict requirements necessary
for the protection of the karst aquifers while still allowing for present and future human activities is difficult – but not
impossible – to achieve. One good example is the present highway with a closed dewatering system and waste water treatment
before the water passes into the karst underground system. 相似文献
2.
Stanislav Frančišković-Bilinski Vlado Cuculić Halka Bilinski Hermann Häusler Philipp Stadler 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2013
Complementary geochemical and stable isotope investigations of the Gorski Kotar karst aquifer system in western Croatia were obtained for the first time, to answer the question whether both studied rivers drain the same aquifer system or not. The two main rivers, the Kupa and the Rje?ina, rise under the same mountain range, but belong to two different watersheds (Black Sea and Adriatic Sea). The karst aquifer of Gorski Kotar is a potentially important source of drinking water for two neighboring countries, Croatia and Slovenia (Central and South Europe), and is strongly influenced by both Mediterranean and continental weather conditions. It is a part of the Dinaric karst, which is “locus typicus” for karst worldwide and one of the most typical karst areas in the world. 相似文献
3.
江苏宁芜北段自然重砂异常特征及其对铜金矿的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
宁芜火山岩盆地是长江中下游成矿带中重要的铁、硫、铜、金成矿区。基于宁芜北段自然重砂建库数据,通过ZSAPS2.0软件GIS平台,选择与火山热液充填型铜金矿相关的特征矿物,圈定了自然重砂组合异常。通过自然重砂组合异常特征发现,铜矿物(黄铜矿、斑铜矿、蓝铜矿、辉铜矿、孔雀石)、自然金、黄铁矿、重晶石等重矿物组合对火山热液充填型铜金矿响应明显。在组合异常的基础上,圈定自然重砂综合异常,以成矿地质条件、与已知矿床的对应关系、异常强度、异常规模、重砂异常套合程度等为指标,对综合异常进行评价,从而为宁芜火山岩盆地北段铜金矿找矿远景区的划定提供依据。 相似文献
4.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(4):307-316
Stratabound barite and celestite deposits, related mainly to three evaporitic sequences, occur in the Mesozoic Neuquen Retroarc Basin, developed to the east of the Andean Cordillera of western Argentina. This basin is filled with Jurassic and Cretaceous marine to continental sediments that unconformably overlie basement rocks of Paleozoic to Triassic age. Celestite deposits formed by initial precipitation from seawater, with later crystallization during diagenesis and recrystallization related to Eocene intrusive activity. This is supported by evidence of evaporitic associations, textures, and Sr and S-isotope data. The barite deposits were deposited in a near-shore environment and could have formed as a result of interaction between barium absorbed in clay minerals (derived from weathering of basement rocks) and hypersaline seawater. This genetic model is supported by evidence such as the stratabound setting, textures, and Sr and S-isotope data. Carbon and oxygen-isotopic compositions of carbonates, which are interbedded with celestites, are in the range expected for marine carbonates. Lead-isotopic compositions of galenas from bedded and vein barite deposits of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous ages are consistent with Pb remobilization from a source located at high levels of the upper crust, possibly the basement rocks. 相似文献
5.
The Pecos River, situated in eastern New Mexico and western Texas, receives water from a drainage area of 91 000 km2. There are primarily two major water inputs, namely snowmelt from winter storms in the headwater region of the southern Rocky Mountains and runoff from warm-season monsoonal rainfall in the lower valley. The Pecos River suffers from high levels of total dissolved solids (TDS >5000 mg L−1) under normal flow conditions. This not only poses serious problems for agricultural irrigation and safe drinking water supply, but also results in a permanent loss of biodiversity. This study examines changes in stream flow and water chemistry of the Pecos River over the last 70 a to better understand the long-term variability in stream salinity and the role of agricultural practices in salt transfer. A TDS record from the lower Pecos River near Langtry (Texas) back to 1935 was extracted to show a distinct pattern of decadal variability similar to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), in which stream salinity is overall above average when the PDO is in positive (warm) phase and below average when the PDO is in negative (cold) phase. This is due to: (1) the dissolved salts contributed to the river are largely from dissolution of NaCl and CaSO4-bearing minerals (e.g., halite and gypsum) in the upper basin, (2) the amount of the dissolved salts that reach the lower basin is mainly determined by the stream flow yield in the upper basin and (3) the stream flow yield from the upper basin is positively correlated with the PDO index. This further attests that large-scale climatic oscillation is the major source of long-term changes in stream flow and salinity of the Pecos River. On the other hand, there is also a strong indication that the rate of salt export has been affected by reservoir operations and water diversions for agricultural practices. 相似文献
6.
Fatty acids isolated in sedimentary black barite (BaSO4) from Arkansas and Nevada were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The dominant or major fatty acids found in these beds of barite are C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1. The occurrence and distribution of these acids in this type of rock may serve as “molecular fingerprints” of microbial biogeochemical processes. The organic matter and associated microorganisms are shown to be trapped within the finely crystalline barite, thus forming a closed system for microbial diagenesis.Important differences that occur in the distribution of the lesser or minor fatty acids probably result from: (1) the nature of the progenitor organic detritus in the environment of barite deposition: and (2) the subsequent degree of microbiological alteration of the parent organic debris swept into and trapped in the depositional environment.Three general models of sedimentary environments are proposed in which anoxic conditions may prevail and where barium sulfate (BaSO4) may precipitate: (1) in a silled basin with semi-restricted circulation; (2) on an outer continental shelf where the slope is encroached upon by water of the oxygen minimum layer; (3) on a low-energy, inner shelf or semi-restricted embayment impinged by a wedge of anoxic water.The major geochemical and geological parameters which are believed to be the significant factors controlling the formation and high grade of these organic-rich, black bedded barites are: (1) a unique source of barium-rich fluid that only contains trace amounts of other elements; (2) the presence of an anoxic bottom environment within the depositional basin; (3) a reflux source of sulfate ion; (4) an adequate source of organic matter.The results of this study may serve as guidelines for future exploration in similar, untested sedimentary basins, especially those with rocks of middle Paleozoic age. 相似文献
7.
大坪—金岭重晶石矿床位于南秦岭平利复背斜南翼,处于大巴山平利穹隆南西缘。通过区域地质构造背景、矿床地质特征、碳氧同位素与稀土元素分析,初步探讨了大坪—金岭重晶石矿床的成矿物质来源和矿床成因。通过地球化学分析结果可知,样品δ18OV-SMOW介于1.44‰~2.20‰,测得温度介于60.72~122.87 ℃。矿石与围岩具相似的稀土元素特征,具高LREE/HREE值,δEu负异常,δCe也为负异常,说明重晶石与围岩物质的来源可能相同。结合矿床地质特征研究,认为大坪—金岭重晶石矿床赋矿层位为寒武系鲁家坪组,矿床形成于大陆边缘斜坡,该沉积环境为$SO_{4}^{2-}$形成提供优越的条件,震旦系灯影组地层可能为大坪—金岭重晶石矿床Ba的主要来源,矿床为受断层破碎带控制的低温热液矿床。 相似文献
8.
The Me?a River Valley has been a center of mining, ore processing and iron- and steel-based metallurgical industry for more than 300 a. This paper deals with stream sediments draining this area. Loads of potentially toxic metals and metal-bearing phases were investigated 10 a after the cessation of Pb and Zn mining. Sediments in the upper Me?a River Valley show significant pollution with Pb and Zn as a consequence of mining and ore processing. The highest contents of Pb and Zn were found in the Me?a tributaries, which directly drain mine waste deposits (maximum values: 19,300 mg/kg Pb and 37,900 mg/kg Zn). These results reflect transport of contaminated material from mine waste sites and indicate that the inactive mine and its mine wastes are sources of metal contamination in the surrounding environment. Contents of Cr, Ni, Cu and Co are increased in the lower Me?a River Valley, in the area of Ravne, as a result of the iron and steel industry. The contribution of the Me?a River to the metal-load in the Drava River is evident.Metal-bearing phases, identified in stream sediments by SEM/EDS, are assigned to three areas, according to their source and genesis. The Me?ica mining district source area is characterized by ore minerals of geogenic/technogenic origin (cerussite, sphalerite, smithsonite and galena), the Ravne source area is characterized by technogenic trace metal-bearing Fe-alloys, Fe-oxides and spherical trace metal-oxides and the Me?a and Drava River catchment areas are represented by geogenic metal-bearing accessory and common rock-forming minerals, such as zircon, ilmenite, rutile, sphene, barite and monazite. SEM/EDS analyses of stream sediments agree well with the results of chemical analyses and they prove to be a very useful tool for identification of metal-bearing phases and their characterization according to source and genesis. 相似文献
9.
Environmental geochemistry of the derelict Webbs Consols mine,New South Wales,Australia 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
Small-scale mining and mineral processing at the Webbs Consols polymetallic PbZnAg deposit in northern New South Wales, Australia has caused a significant environmental impact on streams, soils and vegetation. Unconfined waste rock dumps and tailings dams are the source of the problems. The partly oxidised sulphidic mine wastes contain abundant sulphides (arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena) and oxidation products (scorodite, anglesite, smectite, Fe-oxyhydroxides), and possess extreme As and Pb (wt% levels) and elevated Ag, Cd, Cu, Sb and Zn values. Contemporary sulphide oxidation, hardpan formation, crystallisation of mineral efflorescences and acid mine drainage generation occur within the waste repositories. Acid seepages (pH 1.9–6.0) from waste dumps, tailings dams and mine workings display extreme As, Pb and Zn and elevated Cd, Cu and Sb contents. Drainage from the area is by the strongly contaminated Webbs Consols Creek and although this stream joins and is diluted by the much larger Severn River, contamination of water and stream sediments in the latter is evident for 1–5 km, and 12 km respectively, downstream of the mine site. The pronounced contamination of local and regional soils and sediments, despite the relatively small scale of the former operation, is due to the high metal tenor of abandoned waste material and the scarcity of neutralising minerals. Any rehabilitation plan of the site should include the relocation of waste materials to higher ground and capping, with only partial neutralisation of the waste to pH 4–5 in order to limit potential dissolution of scorodite and mobilisation of As into seepages and stream waters. 相似文献
10.
青藏高原东部金沙江流域是研究高原隆升与陆地风化的理想地区。本文通过对金沙江河流系统的取样,从河流溶质载荷主要离子和悬浮载荷粘土矿物等方面揭示青藏高原东部金沙江流域盆地陆地风化特征。研究表明,金沙江流域盆地陆地岩石风化主要是碳酸盐岩、蒸发盐岩和硅酸盐岩。利用S i、S i/TZ+*、S i/Na*+K和S i/K以及(Na*+K)/TZ+等5个指标结合流域区域岩石分布和土壤特征揭示出流域硅酸盐岩为浅表性初级风化,风化产物主要是富含阳离子的次生粘土矿物。 相似文献
11.
马莲河流域地处鄂尔多斯盆地南部黄土高原区,按储水介质和埋藏条件可将地下水分为黄土潜水、基岩潜水和基岩承压水三类,利用2015—2018年流域的295组地下水水化学数据,分析了地下水中锶(Sr2+)的质量浓度水平、垂向分布及沿流向分布的特征,并采用因子相关性研究地下水中Sr2+的来源和富集成因。结果表明:马莲河流域地下水富锶现象显著,黄土潜水、基岩潜水和基岩承压水中锶的平均质量浓度分别为1.14 mg/l、1.39 mg/l和5.24 mg/l;地下水中锶富集成因主要是含锶矿物天然状态下的水-岩作用,黄土潜水、基岩潜水和基岩承压水三类地下水中Sr2+的主要来源分别为碳酸盐岩与铝硅酸盐岩、碳酸盐岩与硫酸盐和碳酸盐矿物的溶滤作用;地下水中Sr2+的质量浓度沿流向呈逐渐增大的趋势,在不同区域中随深度变化的趋势不一致。 相似文献
12.
The Danube River inception: Evidence for a 4 Ma continental‐scale river born from segmented ParaTethys basins 
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下载免费PDF全文 Before reaching the Black Sea, the Danube River passes through a string of Para‐Tethyan (Vienna, Pannonian and western and eastern Dacian) basins. The key question is, when and how did the Danube River become a continental‐scale river with a drainage similar to present? New data presented here show that the Late Miocene deepwater strata in the Black Sea have a significant sediment source and depositional style change at about 4 Ma. However, the presence of active Miocene basins within the Danube catchment raises questions about the timing of Danube River inception and whether the upstream palaeogeography would have allowed or disallowed delivery of large sediment volumes to the deepwater Black Sea. Stratigraphic analyses in the Pannonian and Dacian basins reveal a phase of coeval sedimentary fill of the basins along the Danube at about 4 Ma. This multi‐basin observation points to a concurrent basin‐fill model rather than the basin fill‐and‐spill or Messinian‐type lowstand models previously proposed for Danube inception. 相似文献
13.
Leslie Ruppert Robert Finkelman Emilija Boti Milan Milosavljevic Susan Tewalt Nancy Simon Frank Dulong 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1996,29(4):235-258
Trace element data from 59 Pliocene lignite cores from the lignite field in the Kosovo Basin, southern Serbia, show localized enrichment of Ni and Cr (33–304 ppm and 8–176 ppm, respectively, whole-coal basis). Concentrations of both elements decrease from the western and southern boundaries of the lignite field. Low-temperature ash and polished coal pellets of selected bench and whole-coal samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. These analyses show that most of the Ni and Cr are incorporated in detrital and, to a lesser degree, in authigenic minerals. The Ni- and Cr-bearing detrital minerals include oxides, chromites, serpentine-group minerals and rare mixed-layer clays. Possible authigenic minerals include Ni---Fe sulfates and sulfides. Analyses of three lignite samples by a supercritical fluid extraction technique indicate that some (1–11%) of the Ni is organically bound. Ni- and Cr-bearing oxides, mixed-layer clays, chromites and serpentine-group minerals were also identified in weathered and fresh samples of laterite developed on serpentinized Paleozoic peridotite at the nearby Glavica and
ikatovo Ni mines. These mines are located along the western and northwestern rim, respectively, of the Kosovo Basin, where Ni contents are highest. The detrital Ni- and Cr-bearing minerals identified in lignite samples from the western part of the Kosovo Basin may have been transported into the paleoswamp by rivers that drained the two Paleocene laterites. Some Ni may have been transported directly into the paleoswamp in solution or, alternatively, Ni may have been leached from detrital minerals by acidic peat water and adsorbed onto organic matter and included into authigenic mineral phases. No minable source of Ni and Cr is known in the southern part of the lignite field; however, the mineral and chemical data from the lignite and associated rocks suggest that such a source area may exist. 相似文献
14.
在甘肃省石羊河流域历史水资源开发利用情况简述基础上,结合城镇化进程,提出目前武威市的农业用水来源于祁连山山前水库拦蓄地表水,景电二期延伸工程向民勤所调黄河水及部分地方开采地下水;工业、生活用水均取自地下水,水量供给与天然补给上已处于严重失调状态。就城市地下水源地保护区划分而言,以传统的地下水开采影响半径为基本依据所进行的现代地下水源地保护区划分是不合理、不够科学的,应当在地下水补给、径流、排泄条件分析基础上,将水源地上游整个流域划定为保护区,以永久性解决城市地下水供水中存在的水源地安全问题。另外,针对石羊河流域重点治理规划中的调水方案,比较科学、合理的做法是：应从石羊河流域地下水文地质条件出发,遵循第四世地质历史时期形成的地下水补给、径流、排泄通道,在全流域实施压减灌溉面积、减少地下水开采量的同时,将景电二期延伸工程所调黄河水与祁连山山前部分水库地表水部分地或全部地从石羊河上游———武威盆地上游区域通过灌溉或其它方式下渗,补给进入地下水系统中,最终达到六河水系及下游地下水位停止下降,石羊河下游民勤盆地地下水位持续回升的综合治理规划目标,而不是将水直接调入下游民勤盆地。 相似文献
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洞庭盆地两护村孔重矿物特征及其对第四纪构造活动与环境演变的响应 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
第四纪洞庭盆地主体自西向东分为安乡凹陷、赤山隆起和沅江凹陷等3个次级构造单元。在安乡凹陷东南部两护村新施工揭穿第四系的ZKC1孔,其地层组成自下而上依次为早更新世华田组、汨罗组,中更新世早期—中期洞庭湖组,晚更新世坡头组以及全新统等。对钻孔岩芯进行了系统的重矿物分析,进而根据特征重矿物来源和含量变化,结合钻孔岩性和岩相变化以及区域地质和地理背景,探讨洞庭盆地南部早—中更新世沉积环境暨河湖变迁以及构造沉降过程。研究表明,洞庭盆地存在幕式断陷活动,早更新世早期、早更新世末期和中更新世中—后期等3个时期强烈断陷沉降,相对湖平面上升,来源于盆地南缘中段的资江河水部分向西注入安乡凹陷,导致ZKC1孔华田组下段下部、汨罗组顶部、洞庭湖组上段等相应层位中的锆石、金红石、锐钛矿和菱铁矿等(主要来源于资江流域)含量显著增高。其它时期断陷作用较弱,河湖水位低,沅水和资江分别沿其主水道于赤山隆起西侧和东侧向北汇入长江,导致ZKC1孔相应沉积层位中锆石、金红石、锐钛矿和菱铁矿的含量明显偏低。对重矿物特征指数变化与孢粉和化学蚀变指数所反映的气候变化的相关性研究,暗示上述3次相对湖平面上升的主要原因不是降水增加,而是构造沉降增强。 相似文献
17.
Water and suspended sediment samples were collected along a longitudinal transect of the Bhagirathi – a headwater stream of the river Ganga, during the premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons, in order to assess the solute acquisition processes and sediment transfer in a high elevation river basin. Study results show that surface waters were dominated by HCO3 and SO4 in anionic abundance and Ca in cationic concentrations. A high concentration of sulphate in the source region indicates oxidative weathering of sulphide bearing minerals in the drainage basin. The combination of high concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate and sulphate in river water suggests that coupled reaction involving sulphide oxidation and carbonate dissolution are mainly controlling the solute acquisition processes in the drainage basin. The sediment transfer reveals that glacial weathering and erosion is the major influence on sediment production and transfer. The seasonal and spatial variation in ionic concentration, in general, is related to discharge and lithology. The sediment mineralogy and water mineral equilibrium indicate that water composition is in equilibrium with kaolinite. The river Bhagirathi annually delivers 0.74 M.tons of dissolved and 7.88 M.tons of suspended load to the river Ganga at Devprayag. The chemical and physical denudation rate of the Bhagirathi is 95 and 1010 tons/km2/yr, higher than the Indian and global average. 相似文献
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We report Li isotopic compositions, for river waters and suspended sediments, of about 40 rivers sampled within the Mackenzie River Basin in northwestern Canada. The aim of this study is to characterize the behaviour of Li and its isotopes during weathering at the scale of a large mixed lithology basin. The Mackenzie River waters display systematically heavier Li isotopic compositions relative to source rocks and suspended sediments. The range in δ7Li is larger in dissolved load (from +9.3‰ to +29.0‰) compared to suspended sediments (from −1.7‰ to +3.2‰), which are not significantly different from δ7Li values in bedrocks. Our study shows that dissolved Li is essentially derived from the weathering of silicates and that its isotopic composition in the dissolved load is inversely correlated with its relative mobility when compared to Na. The highest enrichment of 7Li in the dissolved load is reported when Li is not or poorly incorporated in secondary phases after its release into solution by mineral dissolution. This counterintuitive observation is interpreted by the mixing of water types derived from two different weathering regimes producing different Li isotopic compositions within the Mackenzie River Basin. The incipient weathering regime characterizing the Rocky Mountains and the Shield areas produces 7Li enrichment in the fluid phase that is most simply explained by the precipitation of oxyhydroxide phases fractionating Li isotopes. The second weathering regime is found in the lowland area and produces the lower δ7Li waters (but still enriched in 7Li compared to bedrocks) and the most Li-depleted waters (compared to Na). Fractionation factors suggest that the incorporation of Li in clay minerals is the mechanism that explains the isotopic composition of the lowland rivers. The correlation of boron and lithium concentrations found in the dissolved load of the Mackenzie Rivers suggests that precipitation of clay minerals is favoured by the relatively high residence time of water in groundwater. In the Shield and Rocky Mountains, Li isotopes suggest that clay minerals are not forming and that secondary minerals with stronger affinity for 7Li appear.Although the weathering mechanisms operating in the Mackenzie Basin need to be characterized more precisely, the Li isotope data reported here clearly show the control of Li isotopes by the weathering intensity. The spatial diversity of weathering regimes, resulting from a complex combination of factors such as topography, geology, climate and hydrology explains, in fine, the spatial distribution of Li isotopic ratios in the large drainage basin of the Mackenzie River. There is no simple relationship between Li isotopic composition and chemical denudation fluxes in the Mackenzie River Basin. 相似文献
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云南景洪盆地地热地质特征及成因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
景洪盆地隶属滇藏地热带之滇西中-高温地热区,区内岩浆岩分布较为广泛,活动性断裂较为发育,拥有形成地热的良好地质条件。研究表明,以澜沧江断裂（F1）为界,盆地内可划分出嘎洒-曼达-曼迈和曼贺蚌-曼养广东西两个地热田。西部地热田的热储层为临沧-勐海花岗岩体,东部热储层为南联山杂岩体。大气降水的入渗补给为地热水提供了丰富的水... 相似文献