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区分"源兆"与"场兆",系地震预测探索中的重要课题。根据云南4组6级以上地震的地下流体前兆异常资料,系统分析了强震源兆的流体前兆异常特征。结果表明,在6级多强震的源兆区,即震中距100 km范围内,异常项目计有水位、水温、水氡、水汞及气汞;以中期、短期异常为主,临震异常很少;源兆异常台站和台项的比例均高于场兆。这些流体源兆特征的认识,可为利用流体异常判断地震危险区提供一定依据。 相似文献
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共和7.0级地震前地下流体前兆的动态演化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
使用４０个地下流体观测点的资料,对１９９０年４月２６日青海省共和ＭＳ７．０地震的前兆动态特征进行了系统研究．结果表明：（１）地震带内观测点的水氡趋势异常及水化、水位群体异常及频次异常与断层平均形变速率呈同步变化．地下流体群体异常频次的累加值曲线在地震前表现为指数加速变化图形．（２）震源外围２４０ｋｍ范围内的水氡中短期趋势上升异常,表现为由震源逐渐向外围扩散的特点．在短临阶段各测点水氡的异常变化基本同步．（３）流体短临前兆出现明显的起伏加剧和层次现象,突出的表现是流量、断层气日变化在临震阶段出现３次加剧,且异常幅度一次高于一次 相似文献
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大量观测事实表明 ,赋存于地壳深部的流体 (水、气、油 )作为弹性介质 ,对深层地壳应力的分布、变化、转移过程及地震孕育、发生等有着较为灵敏的反映。地震的形成与区域构造应力活动强度密切相关 ,这种大范围的区域应力作用会形成多个应力集中点 ,在众多应力集中点上可产生地下流体前兆异常变化。在对新疆地下流体数十年的监测中 ,发现强震前出现大量与地震有关的由区域构造应力活动引起的前兆异常 ,异常范围广且种类繁多 ,它们在成因、特征上与震源应力活动的前兆异常明显不同 ;这种地下水位地震前兆异常场 ,不能完全孤立地与单个地震事件相对应 ,应充分考虑到它与一组或系列地震有关 ,而这些地震往往与块体挤压、断裂活动等区域性的应力活动有关。因此 ,正确区分并掌握其不同的特性 ,对地震预报具有一定的意义 相似文献
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A method is proposed to detect buried magnetite concentrations within river sediments. Model studies show that relatively small (thickness 1 m, width 10 m) plate-shaped volumes with magnetite contents of 0.5% within a non-magnetic matrix can be detected by a detailed ground magnetic survey using a sensitive (0.1 nT) magnetometer. Tests along lines perpendicular to the river but at a different angle to the bedrock trend (or the aeromagnetic anomaly trend) reveal that essentially all total field and vertical’gradient’anomalies detected in the profiles are elongated in the river and/or valley direction. This shows that the anomaly sources are (buried) volumes of higher magnetite content within the river sediments. Further evidence for this is (1) that higher intensity total field and vertical’gradient’anomalies occur in an area where the river cuts through strongly magnetic serpentinites, (2) the absence of high frequency anomalies over unsorted glacial till, and (3) some features on power spectra. Relatively large volumes of high magnetite concentrations within the river sediments may well contain the highest concentration of heavy economic minerals such as gold. Consequently, the areas of greatest interest in the exploitation of buried placers may be selected from maps obtained by detailed magnetic surveys either on the ground or at low altitude by helicopter. 相似文献
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Geochemical precursors to seismic activity 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Donald Thomas 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,126(2-4):241-266
Studies of earthquake precursory phenomena during the last several decades have found that significant geophysical and geochemical changes can occur prior to intermediate and large earthquakes. Among the more intensely investigated geochemical phenomena have been: (1) changes in the concentrations of dissolved ions and gases in groundwaters and (2) variations in the concentrations of crustal and mantle volatiles in ground gases. The concentration changes have typically showed no conanomalies trend (either increasing or decreasing), and the spatial and temporal distribution of the observed anomalies have been highly variable. As a result, there is little agreement on the physical or chemical processes responsible for the observed anomalies. Mechanisms proposed to account for precursory groundwater anomalies include ultrasonic vibration, pressure sensitive solubility, pore volume collapse, fracture induced increases in reactive surfaces, and aquifer breaching/fluid mixing. Precursory changes in soil gas composition have been suggested to result from pore volume collapse, micro-fracture induced exposure of fresh reactive silicate surfaces, and breaching of buried gas-rich horizons. An analysis of the available field and laboratory data suggests that the aquifer breaching/fluid mixing (AB/FM) model can best account for many of the reported changes in temperature, dissolved ion and dissolved gas concentrations in groundwater. Ultrasonic vibration and pressure sensitive solubility models cannot reasonably account for the geochemical variations observed and, although the pore collapse model could explain some of the observed chemical changes in groundwater and ground gas, uncertainties remain regarding its ability to generate anomalies of the magnitude observed. Other geochemical anomalies, in particular those associated with hydrogen and radon, seem best accounted for by increases in reactive surface areas (IRSA model) that may accompany precursory deformation around the epicenter of an impending earthquake. Analysis of the probable response of these models to the earthquake preparation process, as well as to other environmental factors, suggests that geochemical monitoring programs can provide information that may be valuable in forecasting the probability of an earthquake; however, because of the complexity of the earthquake preparation process, the absolute prediction of seismic events using geochemical methods alone, does not presently appear to be feasible. 相似文献
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使用40个地下流体观测点的资料,对1990年4月26日青海省共和MS7.0地震的前兆动态特征进行了系统研究.结果表明:(1)地震带内观测点的水氡趋势异常及水化、水位群体异常及频次异常与断层平均形变速率呈同步变化.地下流体群体异常频次的累加值曲线在地震前表现为指数加速变化图形.(2)震源外围240km范围内的水氡中短期趋势上升异常,表现为由震源逐渐向外围扩散的特点.在短临阶段各测点水氡的异常变化基本同步.(3)流体短临前兆出现明显的起伏加剧和层次现象,突出的表现是流量、断层气日变化在临震阶段出现3次加剧,且异常幅度一次高于一次. 相似文献