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1.
大尺度热源、热汇和地形对西风带的常定扰动(二) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文第二部分根据简单的两层斜压模式,用小扰动分别解出地形、热源的常定扰动和地形与热源的共同扰动.作者得到西藏高原对于东亚平均槽、脊的形成具有一定的作用.洛矶山加上格林兰高地后更能解释北美槽、脊的形成.在夏季由于西风带的北移,只有地形作用也使得平均槽的强度和位置发生变化.热源的扰动作用对平均槽的生成具有更显著的作用,冬季的西风急流和夏季小槽的生成都和热源扰动更有直接的关系.考虑了热源和地形的共同作用后所得的扰动流型更接近了实现.由此作者提出热源和地形作用通过动力过程在大气环流中相互制约的统一性. 相似文献
2.
本文对2007年3月3日-5日华北区域爆发的强寒潮,从大尺度环流形势特征、天气过程特点及特强降温的成因进行了分析,得出了强寒潮天气爆发预报着眼点。此次寒潮天气是由于西路冷空气和极地冷空气在贝加尔湖附近地区合并加强;横槽转竖,偏北气流引导冷空气南下,并且又有补充冷空气南下造成的。欧亚500hPa中纬度大“Ω”流型为寒潮天气的产生提供了有利的环流背景。该大“Ω”流型与常见寒潮倒“Ω”流型的槽脊位置在东北亚地区接近反位相。且波长更长。 相似文献
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东亚加热场和大地形对大气环流季节变化影响的数值试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
众所周知,地球的地貌以及由其引起的热力差异对于大气活动中心和平均槽脊的形成及其季节变化有很重大的影响。为了研究这种影响,我们最近用钱永甫等人设计的 P—σ二层原始方程模式和姚兰昌等人计算的1979年1—12月东亚大气平均冷热源进行了一些数值试验。试验共分两类,一类是有地形无冷热源,一类是有地形有冷热源,都做了12个月。试验的主要结果是(1)大尺度地形产生的扰动及其年变化和实测的西风带平均槽脊形势及其年变化是相似的。(2)大地形扰动的强度和西风带的强度成正比,可是大地形扰动的季节变化主要是与急流的位置变化有关。(3)加热场的一个主要作用在于加深东亚大槽和减弱高原北面的地形脊。(4)无论冬夏加热场作用总能使最大西风有所增加。加热场对对流层急流位置的季节变化有所贡献。(5)东亚的加热场对盛夏南亚高压的建立有重大贡献。还需指出的是看来热源处在对流层平均风速很小的东西风交界处是南亚高压生成的必要条件。 相似文献
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本文利用一个π坐标的3层模式描写对流层和平流层的大气运动。由线性化方程的解,讨论了大尺度地形和加热分布的控制作用和定常扰动。 结果得到:(1)地形和对流层热源的超长波扰动,可以传播到平流层中,扰动振幅向上增强,地形波的位相近于垂直,而热源波的位相随高度向西倾斜。(2)地形和热源对平流层平均槽脊的形成都是重要的。但对流层和平流层大气的热源、热汇对30mb阿留申高压的形成起了主要作用。(3)平流层扰动的强大振幅主要是由于平流层大气密度很小所造成的。 相似文献
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通过对金衢2005年6月11日暴雨过程的大尺度背景、天气学条件和α中尺度模型的分析．在大尺度两槽一脊，影响低槽还在加强的背景下，本次主要降水发生在能量锋区南缘，水汽通量具有提前的指示作用，底层垂直上升运动不是很强，从α中尺度模型分析，过程具有梅雨锋暴雨的三维特征。 相似文献
8.
罗哲贤 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1990,(8)
本文在强迫耗散KDV动力学的框架内,数值地研究了依次向东移行的低槽对其下游准定常高压脊的影响.结果指出:相应于移行低槽的不同强度,存在着两类低频瞬变.一类是强度瞬变,即高压脊的位置维持准定常,高压脊的强度发生瞬变.一类是流型瞬变,即高压脊位置准定常性破坏,脊区为槽区所替代,并形成脊、槽之间的多次转换. 相似文献
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本文根据两层斜压模式得到大尺度地形对1000—500mb 平均温度场的常定扰动.结果得到大地形对温度槽脊的形成具有一定的作用,而地形所造成的高度槽在垂直方向上没有倾斜现象. 相似文献
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川西地区夏季降水的年际变化特征及与大尺度环流的联系 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
分析了106°E以西的四川西部地区1951～2000年夏季降水的气候变化特征及其与大尺度环流异常的联系,通过分析得到的主要结论如下:(1)川西地区降水的季节和年际变化特征与华北地区的变化特征比较一致.川西地区的涝年与中高纬500hPa的乌拉尔山高脊、巴尔喀什湖至贝加尔湖之间的低压槽以及亚洲东部的高脊的两脊一槽环流型密切相关,在这种环流型下有利于川西地区降水偏多.(2)川西地区盛夏降水有显著的年代际变化,20世纪50年代至60年代初,为川西多雨时期,干旱发生的次数相对较少且弱,1961年以后降水有减少的趋势,进入20世纪90年代以后,降水明显偏少.(3)20世纪50年代与90年代,中高纬环流形势有显著的不同,50年代中高纬两脊一槽型偏强,90年代则偏弱,这是川西地区50年代明显多雨和90年代少雨的主要原因.(4)高原前期的热源偏弱时,7、8月川西地区的降水偏多. 相似文献
11.
The effect of transient eddy on interannual meridional displacement of summer East Asian subtropical jet 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Using ERA-40 reanalysis daily data for the period 1958-2002,this study investigated the effect of transient eddy(TE) on the interannual meridional displacement of summer East Asian subtropical jet(EASJ) by conducting a detailed dynamical diagnosis.The summer EASJ axis features a significant interannual coherent meridional displacement.Associated with such a meridional displacement,the TE vorticity forcing anomalies are characterized by a meridional dipole pattern asymmetric about the climatological EASJ axis.The TE vorticity forcing anomalies yield barotropic zonal wind tendencies with a phase meridionally leading the zonal wind anomalies,suggesting that they act to reinforce further meridional displacement of the EASJ and favor a positive feedback in the TE and time-mean flow interaction.However,The TE thermal forcing anomalies induce baroclinic zonal wind tendencies that reduce the vertical shear of zonal wind and atmospheric baroclinicity and eventually suppress the TE activity,favoring a negative feedback in the TE and time-mean flow interaction.Although the two types of TE forcing tend to have opposite feedback roles,the TE vorticity forcing appears to be dominant in the TE effect on the time-mean flow. 相似文献
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Dynamic and numerical methods are used to discuss the atmospheric response to SST thermal
forcing. The results show that for planetary scale systems, the standing SST thermal forcing can quickly excite a
stable atmospheric equilibrium state response, which is characterized by obvious large-scale teleconnection
oscillation in east-west and south-north directions. For synoptic scale systems, the SST thermal forcing mainly
excites the atmospheric low-frequency oscillation. Some basic relation and dynamic processes between SST
thermal forcing and atmospheric response pattern are revealed and some new viewpoints are presented. 相似文献
13.
An Improved Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Diurnally Varying Street-Canyon Flow 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
The impact of diurnal variations of the heat fluxes from building and ground surfaces on the fluid flow and air temperature distribution in street canyons is numerically investigated using the PArallelized Large-eddy Simulation Model (PALM). Simulations are performed for a 3 by 5 array of buildings with canyon aspect ratio of one for two clear summer days that differ in atmospheric instability. A detailed building energy model with a three-dimensional raster-type geometry—Temperature of Urban Facets Indoor-Outdoor Building Energy Simulator (TUF-IOBES)—provides urban surface heat fluxes as thermal boundary conditions for PALM. In vertical cross-sections at the centre of the spanwise canyon the mechanical forcing and the horizontal streamwise thermal forcing at roof level outweigh the thermal forces from the heated surfaces inside the canyon in defining the general flow pattern throughout the day. This results in a dominant canyon vortex with a persistent speed, centered at a constant height. Compared to neutral simulations, non-uniform heating of the urban canyon surfaces significantly modifies the pressure field and turbulence statistics in street canyons. Strong horizontal pressure gradients were detected in streamwise and spanwise canyons throughout the day, and which motivate larger turbulent velocity fluctuations in the horizontal directions rather than in the vertical direction. Canyon-averaged turbulent kinetic energy in all non-neutral simulations exhibits a diurnal cycle following the insolation on the ground in both spanwise and streamwise canyons, and it is larger when the canopy bottom surface is paved with darker materials and the ground surface temperature is higher as a result. Compared to uniformly distributed thermal forcing on urban surfaces, the present analysis shows that realistic non-uniform thermal forcing can result in complex local airflow patterns, as evident, for example, from the location of the vortices in horizontal planes in the spanwise canyon. This study shows the importance of three-dimensional simulations with detailed thermal boundary conditions to explore the heat and mass transport in an urban area. 相似文献
14.
The initiation of convective cells in the late morning of 24 June 2010 along the eastward extending ridge of the Dabie Mountains in the Anhui region,China,is studied through numerical simulations that include local data assimilation.A primary convergence line is found over the ridge of the Dabie Mountains,and along the ridge line several locally enhanced convergence centers preferentially initiate convection.Three processes responsible for creating the overall convergence pattern are identified.First,thermally-driven upslope winds induce convergence zones over the main mountain peaks along the ridge,which are shifted slightly downwind in location by the moderate low-level easterly flow found on the north side of a Mei-yu front.Second,flows around the main mountain peaks along the ridge create further convergence on the lee side of the peaks.Third,upslope winds develop along the roughly north–south oriented valleys on both sides of the ridge due to thermal and dynamic channeling effects,and create additional convergence between the peaks along the ridge.The superposition of the above convergence features creates the primary convergence line along the ridge line of the Dabie Mountains.Locally enhanced convergence centers on the primary line cause the initiation of the first convection cells along the ridge.These conclusions are supported by two sensitivity experiments in which the environmental wind(dynamic forcing) or radiative and land surface thermal forcing are removed,respectively.Overall,the thermal forcing effects are stronger than dynamic forcing given the relatively weak environmental flow. 相似文献
15.
A zonal-vertical two-dimensional equatorial model is used to study the possibility that the long period oscillation of the zonal mean flow occurring in the lower equatorial stratosphere (QBO) is caused by local thermal ac-tivities at the tropical tropopause. The model successfully reproduces QBO-like oscillations of the zonal mean flow, suggesting that the local heating or cooling at the tropical tropopause is probably the main reason of QBO’s genera-tion. The analysis of the dependence of the oscillation on the wave fencing indicates that the oscillation is not sensible to the forcing scale. The model can reproduce QBO-like oscillations with any forcing scale if the fencing period and amplitude take appropriate values, proving that the internal gravity waves generated by local thermal source take much important roles in QBO. 相似文献
16.
Non—Acceleration theorem in a primitive equation system: I. Acceleration of zonal mean flow 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Non-acceleration theorem in a primitive equation system is developed to investigate the influences of waves on the mean flow variation against external forcing. Numerical results show that mechanical forcing overwhelms thermal forcing in maintaining the mean flow in which the internal mechanical forcing associated with horizontal eddy flux of momentum plays the most important roles. Both internal forcing and external forcing are shown to be active and at the first place for the mean flow variations, whereas the forcing-induced mean meridional circulation is passive and secondary. It is also shown that the effects on mean flow of external mechanical forcing are concentrated in the lower troposphere, whereas those due to wave-mean flow interaction are more important in the upper troposphere. These act together and result in the vertically easterly shear in low latitudes and westerly shear in mid-latitudes. This verti-cal shear of mean flow is to some extent weakened by thermal forcing. 相似文献
17.
热力强迫对湿斜压大气中南亚高压平衡态的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于Lorenz的湿模式,引入地形效应并进行适当简化,在低谱近似下得到了描述大气运动的非线性耗散系统。讨论了在热力强迫与大气环流的非线性相互作用下,湿、斜压大气在参数空间的平衡态与南亚高压的流型分布及其东西摆动。结果表明:南亚高压典型的平衡态流型是西部型、东部型和带状高压,而且东西部流型的转换并非高压中心的连续位移,而是表现为一个高压中心消失后经过流场上的调整重新建立新的高压中心的过程。 相似文献
18.
罗哲贤 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1992,50(4):413-419
用一个带有热力强迫和耗散项的准地转正压模式,实施了16组积分时间大于7d的数值试验,研究了在环境流场和环境加热场共同作用下,热带气旋的移动路径问题。结果表明,随着环境流场参数、环境加热场参数和热带气旋尺度参数取值的不同,在模式大气中,清楚地复制出逆时针打转、蛇行摆动、向西移行和突然北折等截然不同的运动形态,并显示出具有非线性特色的临界点现象。 相似文献
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在中纬度北太平洋大气强斜压区,存在频繁的天气尺度涡旋活动,通过水分、动量和能量输送维持大气环流。为了进一步研究天气尺度涡旋发生发展与大尺度环流之间的联系,利用1981—2013年再分析资料,筛选出西部发展型天气尺度涡旋114个偏强日和87个偏弱日,给出了西部发展型天气尺度涡旋异常导致的动力和热力强迫的变化,同时从能量转换的角度分析了西部发展型天气尺度涡旋与平均流之间的相互作用,并探讨了其与西太平洋遥相关型的关系。结果表明:西部发展型天气尺度涡旋通过动力强迫和热力强迫影响平均流,其中动力强迫主要造成北太平洋中纬度上空的西风气流加速并向北移动;热力强迫的作用则是减弱中纬度大气斜压性。同时,强西部发展型天气尺度涡旋有利于西北太平洋上空对流层低层斜压有效位能向扰动动能的转化增大和扰动动能向平均流的转化增大,有利于中纬度地区对流层高层平均流向扰动动能的转化增大。此外,西部发展型天气尺度涡旋通过与平均流的作用,对维持西太平洋遥相关型的负位相有一定影响。 相似文献