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1.
太阳附近G矮星金属含量分布和化学演化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用新的太阳附近２５ｐｃ内的Ｇ矮星金属含量分布函数，本在假定星系介质丰度非均匀情况下，讨论了四种化学演化模型的合理性，结果表明，简单模型和坍缩模型与实际情况相差较大，而ＰＩＥ模型和ＰＰＹ模型不仅对金属含量分布函数拟合较好，而且传统的Ｇ矮星问题也可以得到解释，这表明太阳附近可能受银晕影响较小。 相似文献
2.
为解释名的Ｇ矮星问题,提出银河系化学演化的三成分模型,即由银晕、厚盘和薄盘所构成的演化模型。相邻演化阶段间隔着一个快速坍缩过程,对不同星族成分的演化过程分别进行模拟,并在总体上得到一个太阳附近区域的Ｇ矮星丰度分布函数,检验了三种不同的模型：初始富化模型、比例生成模型和坍缩模型,利用最小二乘拟合得到最佳模型的参数。结果表明,太阳附近区域的化学演化受物质交换的影响较小,至少在银河系演化的晚期,可将太 相似文献
3.
收集了一个新的较为完备的太阳附近25pc内的F,G矮星样本,利用最新的窄带测光资料和定标关系导出了148颗F矮星和382颗G矮星的金属含量的分布,讨论了对银河系化学演化的意义。 相似文献
4.
为解释著名的G矮星问题,提出银河系化学演化的三成分模型,即由银晕、厚盘和薄盘所构成的演化模型．相邻演化阶段间隔着一个快速坍缩过程．对不同星族成分的演化过程分别进行模拟,并在总体上得到一个太阳附近区域的G矮星丰度分布函数．检验了三种不同的模型：初始富化模型、比例生成模型和坍缩模型．利用最小二乘拟合得到最佳模型的参数．结果表明,太阳附近区域的化学演化受物质交换的影响较小,至少在银河系演化的晚期,可将太阳附近区域看作封闭系统．同时,单位质量中新合成的重元素比例对三种恒星成分可分别近似为常数,其差别则说明不同星族恒星的初始质量函数存在着显著差异． 相似文献
5.
红亚矮星是甚小质量恒星中的贫金属成员,质量从约0.5M⊙(M⊙为太阳质量)到H燃烧的最小质量(0:075M⊙0:085M⊙,取决于金属丰度),其寿命长于哈勃年龄,是银河系结构和化学增丰史的重要示踪体。与银盘上数量最多的恒星成员红矮星不同,红亚矮星在太阳附近非常稀少,并且其运动学特征与盘矮星有较大差异,属于年老银河系星族,即为年老盘星族、厚盘星族或晕星族。观测上,红亚矮星可以根据其不同于红矮星的自行、测光和光谱特征被识别和证认。由于其恒星表面大气温度很低,并且颜色比同质量的矮星更蓝,因此红亚矮星在赫罗图上位于主序带末端的下方,介于矮星与白矮星之间。红亚矮星的光学波段光谱由金属氧化物(如TiO和VO)和氢化物(如CaH和H2O)的分子吸收带占主导。红亚矮星可按其光谱形态和分子带特征分成不同的光谱型和金属丰度等级,其中晚M型到早L型的亚矮星既可能是小质量的恒星,也可能是较大质量的年轻褐矮星。介绍了对红亚矮星研究的历史背景和前沿动态,详细阐述了光谱分析方法在研究亚矮星中的重要性,以及根据光谱特征对亚矮星进行分类的方法。最后,总结了甚小质量恒星大气模型的发展过程,并探讨了如何利用模型对亚矮星的大气参数进行估算等热点问题。 相似文献
6.
在8000至8670的波长范围内,利用一个由144颗恒星光谱组成的光谱厍,我们对57个巨椭圆和S0星系(M_B<-21)的光谱和它们的平均光谱进行了光谱合成.这个光谐库包括了光谱型为G,K和M的巨星和矮星,它具有的金属丰度[Fe/H]覆盖了-0.1到-0.5的范围,表面重力log g为1.0至5.0.光谱合成的结果表明:巨椭圆和S0星系的金属丰度约为太阳的一倍半;有效表面重力分布在3.2—4.1的范围内;矮星在8400附近光的贡献可与巨星相比较. 相似文献
7.
本文是在银河系化学演化的基础上,利用银河系的三成分(threezone)(即晕、厚盘和薄盘)多相(multi phase)(气体,分子云,大、小质量恒星以及剩余物质)的化学演化的理论模型,讨论了以下观测约束:1、质量面密度、恒星形成率,各分区质量比;2、场星的年龄-金属丰度关系;3、α元素化学演化;4、太阳附近G矮星金属丰度分布;5、三成分金属丰度特征量;6、超新星爆发率;7、内落速率。结果表明,三成分多分量模型能够较好地满足观测约束,比较真实地反映星系演化过程。可以用该模型计算元素的星系化学演化。 相似文献
8.
本文是在银河系化学演化的基础上，利用银河系的三成分(threezone)(即晕、厚盘和薄盘)多相(multi-phase)(气体，分子云，大、小质量恒星以及剩余物质)的化学演化的理论模型，讨论了以下观测约束：1、质量面密度、恒星形成率，各分区质量比；2、场星的年龄-金属丰度关系；3、α元素化学演化；4、太阳附近G矮星金属丰度分布；5、三成分金属丰度特征量；6、超新星爆发率；7、内落速率。结果表明，三成分多分量模型能够较好地满足观测约束，比较真实地反映星系演化过程。可以用该模型计算元素的星系化学演化。 相似文献
9.
天文学家又发现一颗褐矮星天文学家在昂星团里又发现了一颗揭矮星。质量小于０．０８太阳质量的揭矮星不能积累维持核反应所需的中心温度和压力。但由它们的引力收缩（以及氖聚变的一个短暂阶段）释放的能量使它们发出的光和具有晚型Ｍ星光谱特征的暗天体相似。加那利岛天... 相似文献
10.
银河系厚盘的本地空间密度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用北银极天区的现代恒星计数资料，采用标准的银河系模型，通过恒星统计积分方程对参数值组合模型的亮度函数进行计数分析，证明了银河系厚盘恒星成份存在的必要性，并进一步得出太阳附近厚盘成份的空间密度的最佳期望值为薄盘密度的０．０４１． 相似文献
11.
Baolin Tan 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,332(1):65-72
Based on analysis of the annual averaged relative sunspot number (ASN) during 1700–2009, 3 kinds of solar cycles are confirmed:
the well-known 11-yr cycle (Schwabe cycle), 103-yr secular cycle (numbered as G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively since 1700);
and 51.5-yr Cycle. From similarities, an extrapolation of forthcoming solar cycles is made, and found that the solar cycle
24 will be a relative long and weak Schwabe cycle, which may reach to its apex around 2012–2014 in the vale between G3 and
G4. Additionally, most Schwabe cycles are asymmetric with rapidly rising-phases and slowly decay-phases. The comparisons between
ASN and the annual flare numbers with different GOES classes (C-class, M-class, X-class, and super-flare, here super-flare
is defined as ≥ X10.0) and the annal averaged radio flux at frequency of 2.84 GHz indicate that solar flares have a tendency:
the more powerful of the flare, the later it takes place after the onset of the Schwabe cycle, and most powerful flares take
place in the decay phase of Schwabe cycle. Some discussions on the origin of solar cycles are presented. 相似文献
12.
Sarbani Basu 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,298(3):719-728
Frequencies of intermediate-degree f modes of the Sun seem to indicate that the solar radius is smaller than what is normally used in constructing solar models. We investigate the possible consequences of an error in radius on results for solar structure obtained using helioseismic inversions. It is shown that solar sound speed will be overestimated if oscillation frequencies are inverted using reference models with a larger radius. Using solar models with a radius of 695.78 Mm and new data sets, the base of the solar convection zone is estimated to be at a radial distance of 0.7135 ± 0.0005 of the solar radius. The helium abundance in the convection zone as determined using models with an OPAL equation of state is 0.248 ± 0.001, where the errors reflect the estimated systematic errors in the calculation, the statistical errors being much smaller. Assuming that the OPAL opacities used in the construction of the solar models are correct, the surface Z / X is estimated to be 0.0245 ± 0.0006. 相似文献
13.
Yūki Kubo 《Solar physics》2008,248(1):85-98
This article discusses statistical models for the solar flare interval distribution in individual active regions. We analyzed
solar flare data in 55 active regions that are listed in the Geosynchronous Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) soft X-ray flare catalog for the years from 1981 to 2005. We discuss some problems with a conventional procedure to
derive probability density functions from any data set and propose a new procedure, which uses the maximum likelihood method
and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to objectively compare some competing probability density functions. Previous studies
of the solar flare interval distribution in individual active regions only dealt with constant or time-dependent Poisson process
models, and no other models were discussed. We examine three models – exponential, lognormal, and inverse Gaussian – as competing
models for probability density functions in this study. We found that lognormal and inverse Gaussian models are more likely
models than the exponential model for the solar flare interval distribution in individual active regions. The possible solar
flare mechanisms for the distribution models are briefly mentioned. We also briefly investigated the time dependence of probability
density functions of the solar flare interval distribution and found that some active regions show time dependence for lognormal
and inverse Gaussian distribution functions. The results suggest that solar flares do not occur randomly in time; rather,
solar flare intervals appear to be regulated by solar flare mechanisms. Determining a solar flare interval distribution is
an essential step in probabilistic solar flare forecasting methods in space weather research. We briefly mention a probabilistic
solar flare forecasting method as an application of a solar flare interval distribution analysis. The application of our distribution
analysis to a probabilistic solar flare forecasting method is one of the main objectives of this study. 相似文献
14.
We review high-spatial-resolution observations of the Sun which reflect on the role of mode coupling in the solar corona, and present a number of new observations. We show that typically polarization inversion is seen at 5 GHz in active region sources near the solar limb, but not at 1.5 GHz. Although this is apparently in contradiction to the simplest form of mode coupling theory, in fact it remains consistent with current models for the active region emission. Microwave bursts show no strong evidence for polarization inversion. We discuss bipolar noise storm continuum emission in some detail, utilizing recent VLA observations at 327 MHz. We show that bipolar sources are common at 327 MHz. Further, the trailing component of the bipole is frequently stronger than the leading component, in apparent conflict with the leading-spot hypothesis. The observations indicate that at 327 MHz mode coupling is apparently strong at all mode-coupling layers in the solar corona. The 327 MHz observations require a much weaker magnetic field strength in the solar corona to explain this result than did earlier lower-frequency observations: maximum fields are 0.2 G. This is a much weaker field than is consistent with current coronal models.On leave from the Indian Institute for Astrophysics, Bangalore, India. 相似文献
15.
R. Caimmi 《Astronomische Nachrichten》1997,318(6):339-364
Recent data on the empirical metallicity distribution of G dwarfs in the disk solar neighbourhood are fitted in two different ways. We use an extended Poisson distribution in the limit where the probability of star formation is small, and a Gauss distribution in the limit where a large number of physical variables is required to determine stellar metal abundance. Both are found to reproduce the data at the same (acceptable) extent, with a slight preference for the former. The emprirical, differential metallicity distribution of G dwarfs in the disk solar neighbourhood is compared with its theoretical counterpart, in the picture of a closed, comoving model of chemical evolution. The limits of the currently used infall models are discussed and a scenario of galactic formation and evolution is presented. The Galactic history is thought as made of two main phases: contraction (which produces the extended component) and equilibrium (which gives the disk). In this view, the stars observed within the solar cylinder did not necessarily arise from the primordial gas which later collapsed into the disk solar neighbourhood. It is found that the G-dwarf problem is strongly alleviated, with the possible exception of the low-metallicity and high-metallicity tail of the distribution. The best choice of parameters implies: (i) a metal yield in the contraction phase which is larger by a factor of about 5 with respect to the equilibrium phase; (ii) a model halo mass fraction of about 0.3; (iii) a model disk mass fraction of about 0.6. It provides additional support to the idea of a generalized Schmidt star formation law, which is different in different phases of evolution. The model, cumulative, G-dwarf metallicity distribution in the disk solar neighbourhood is found to predict too may low-metallicity stars with respect to its empirical counterpart, related to a Poissonian or Gaussian fit. The main resons for the occurrence of a G-dwarf problem are discussed. Finally, a stochastic process of star formation, related to a Poisson distribution, is briefly outlined. 相似文献
16.
G. Thuillier J. Claudel D. Djafer M. Haberreiter N. Mein S. M. L. Melo W. Schmutz A. Shapiro C. I. Short S. Sofia 《Solar physics》2011,268(1):125-149
In this paper we compare observed, empirical, and modelled solar limb profiles and discuss their potential use to derive physical
properties of the solar atmosphere. The PHOENIX, SolMod3D, and COSI radiative transfer codes as well as VAL-C models are used
to calculate the solar limb shape under different assumptions. The main properties of each model are shown. The predicted
limb shape as a function of wavelength for different features on the solar disk, such as quiet Sun, sunspots, and faculae,
is investigated. These models provide overall consistent limb shapes with some discrepancies that are discussed here in terms
of differences in solar atmosphere models, opacities, and the algorithms used to derive the solar limb profile. Our analysis
confirms that the most common property of all models is limb shapes that are much steeper than what is observed, or predicted
by the available empirical models. Furthermore, we have investigated the role of the Fraunhofer lines within the spectral
domain used for the solar limb measurements. Our results show that the presence of the Fraunhofer lines significantly displaces
the limb inflection point from its position estimated assuming only the photospheric continuum. The PICARD satellite, launched
on 15 June 2010, will provide measurements of the limb shape at several wavelengths. This work shows that the precision of
these measurements allows for discrimination among the available models. 相似文献
17.
The collision-dominated two-fluid plasma models of the solar wind are shown to become collisionless and subject to microinstabilities at a few solar radii. Assuming that once the plasma is unstable it stays close to marginal stability models of the solar wind are constructed including waves and proton heating. The resulting models have higher velocities and proton temperatures than the collision dominated two fluid models.Proceedings of the 14th ESLAB Symposium on Physics of Solar Variations, 16–19 September 1980, Scheveningen, The Netherlands. 相似文献
18.
Stability of toroidal magnetic field in a stellar radiation zone is considered for the cases of uniform and differential rotation. In the rigidly rotating radiative core shortly below the tachocline, the critical magnetic field for instability is about 600 G. The unstable disturbances for slightly supercritical fields have short radial scales ∼1 Mm. Radial mixing produced by the instability is estimated to conclude that the internal field of the sun can exceed the critical value of 600 G only marginally. Otherwise, the mixing is too strong and not compatible with the observed lithium abundance. Analysis of joint instability of differential rotation and toroidal field leads to the conclusion that axisymmetric models of the laminar solar tachocline are stable to nonaxisymmetric disturbances. The question of whether sun-like stars can posses tachoclines is addressed with positive answer for stars with rotation periods shorter than about two months. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
19.
Magnetic fields and the structure of the solar corona 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Several different mathematical methods are described which use the observed line-of-sight component of the photospheric magnetic field to determine the magnetic field of the solar corona in the current-free (or potential-field) approximation. Discussed are (1) a monopole method, (2) a Legendre polynomial expansion assuming knowledge of the radial photospheric magnetic field, (3) a Legendre polynomial expansion obtained from the line-of-sight photospheric field by a least-meansquare technique, (4) solar wind simulation by zero-potential surfaces in the corona, (5) corrections for the missing flux due to magnetograph saturation. We conclude (1) that the field obtained from the monopole method is not consistent with the given magnetic data because of non-local effects produced by monopoles on a curved surface, (2) that the field given by a Legendre polynomial (which is fitted to the measured line-of-sight magnetic field) is a rigorous and self-consistent solution with respect to the available data, (3) that it is necessary to correct for the saturation of the magnetograph (at about 80 G) because fields exceeding 80 G provide significant flux to the coronal field, and (4) that a zero-potential surface at 2.5 solar radii can simulate the effect of the solar wind on the coronal magnetic field. 相似文献
20.
Turbulent convection models (TCMs) based on hydrodynamic moment equations are compared with the classical mixing-length theory (MLT) in solar models. The aim is to test the effects of some physical processes on the structure of the solar convection zone, such as the dissipation, diffusion and anisotropy of turbulence that have been ignored in the MLT. Free parameters introduced by the TCMs are also tested in order to find appropriate values for astrophysical applications. It is found that the TCMs usually give larger convective heat fluxes than the MLT does, and the heat transport efficiency is sensitively related to the dissipation parameters used in the TCMs. As a result of calibrating to the present solar values, our solar models usually have rather smaller values of the mixing length to local pressure scaleheight ratio than the standard solar model. The turbulent diffusion is found to have important effects on the structure of the solar convection zone. It leads to significantly lowered and expanded profiles for the Reynolds correlations, and a larger temperature gradient in the central part of the superadiabatic convection region but a smaller one near the boundaries of the convection zone. It is interesting to note that, due to a careful treatment of turbulence developing towards isotropic state, our non-local TCM results in radially dominated motion in the central part and horizontally dominated motion near the boundaries of the convection zone, just as what has been observed in many 3D numerical simulations. Our solar models with the TCMs give small but meaningful differences in the temperature and sound speed profiles compared with the standard solar model using the MLT. 相似文献