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1.
本文叙述了APPLE－Ⅱ微机控制光电等高仪观测的系统，该系统可以实现自动导星、定位、跟踪与换星。在控制系统中应用了高精度的圆感应同步测角器和简单的恒星时钟卡。该系统的望远镜定位精度达±3″，跟踪精度达±5″。该套设备现在已投入正常使用，对改善观测条件和提高观测质量取得了明显效果。 相似文献
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上海天文台Ⅱ型光电等高仪从70年代开始进行时间、纬度及等高星表的观测。观测精度在BIH系统和FK5系统中均获得好评。但是,其自动化程度和极限星等(6.5mag)较低,削弱了它在星表等工作中的应用。为此,我们对它进行了现代化改造。用一台IBM-PC微机,通过步进电机及同步测角器控制望远镜自动定位,自动跟踪。采用光子计数方法记录恒星过等高圈的时刻。观测结果直接由 相似文献
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作者利用1978年1月至1981年6月期间陕西天文台光电等高仪(Ⅰ)的专门星表观测资料,归算了820颗恒星的星表位置改正Δα和Δδ。文章介绍了观测方案、归算方法以及仪器某些系统误差的分析等。所得到的818颗星的Δα和568颗星的Δδ的平均内部精度分别为m_(Δα)=±0~S.0043,m_(Δδ)=±0″.072。 相似文献
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本文提出了利用陕西天文台光电等高仪Ｉ型和伊尔库茨克合作观测的建议。由于该仪器将配备Ｚ＝４５°的角镜，放在＝５２°的纬度上，就可以消除等高仪测定赤纬的盲区，从而可对建立基本参考系及将来维持伊巴谷星表系统做出重要贡献。 相似文献
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《天文爱好者》2000,(3)
●天极Ｆ90 0 - 114大口径反射式 物镜口径为 114毫米、焦距 90 0毫米的高精度凹面反射镜 ,表面硬度层。出口型金属烤漆镜身 ,三只高质量金属目镜 ,45～ 45 0六种倍率 ,分辨率为 1″ ,观测极限星等 12等。寻星镜为复合透镜组成 ,放大 6倍。架台为ＴＪ- 0 2型金属冰花烤漆自动跟踪赤道仪 ,上有地理纬度指示盘 ,可准确调节极轴高度 ,赤经有 0～ 2 4小时度盘指示 ,赤纬有± 90°度盘指示 ,并配有双微调装置 ,可精确跟踪天体。二段伸缩式加重铝制三脚架 ,配专业太阳滤色镜、月亮镜、平衡锤、摄影接口。它的特点是口径大、集光力强、无色差、分… 相似文献
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钱伯辰 《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》1992,(13):167-169
1.56米天望远镜已于1989年上海天台的佘山工作站投入使用，经校正，瓣极轴指向偏离北极为：0″.±4″.48（在方位上）和0″.±2″.21（在高度上）。望远镜的跟踪误差也被测定：在天顶附近30分钟内所作的128次观测得到的望远镜跟踪的均方根误差为±0″.36。结果表明，1.56米望远镜的恒动跟踪十分优良。 相似文献
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1978年初至1981年初,我们用陕台光电等高仪(Ⅰ型)进行了专门的星表观测。获得的星表包括777颗两次过等高圈的恒星的赤径改正△α和赤纬改正△δ。其中有FK4星357颗,FK4supp星189颗,GC星231颗。对于|cosq|≤0.3的星没有计算△δ。所有FK4星△α、△δ的平均精度分别为±0.0036和±0″.063。另外,还给出了43颗一次过等高圈的恒星的赤经改正△α和2颗星的赤纬改正△δ。为有效地扩充待测星数,除在时间、纬度观测纲要即基本组(2小时一组)内插入适当数目的待测星外,我们增加了星表组(1小时一组)。观测方案是:星表组——基本组——星表组——星表组——基本组——星表组或者星表组——基本组——基本组——星表组。星表的系统完全由基本组的FK4星决定。将各基本组化到平均系统以后,所有的星表组及基本组内的插入星直接相对于这个平均系统求其残差平均值。 相似文献
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Ⅱ型光电等高仪 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国于1972年制成Ⅰ型光电等高仪,1974年又制成Ⅱ型光电等高仪.新仪器的特点如下:(1)借助熔石英角镜组和汞地平、一架望远镜和固定的玻璃记录栅、三个光电倍增管及其交流放大器和一架计时仪,此仪器能无人差地测定星过等高圈时刻.(2)真空的 R-C 望远镜的口径为20厘米,焦距2.4米.(3)有水平入射窗的真空镜筒能消除天文折射、大气色散及镜筒内的反常折射.真空镜筒还为光学系统及汞面提供了一个稳定的环境.(4)此仪器设有快、慢传动电机和自动方位跟踪机构.(5)为消除周围物体的热影响,此仪器安放在观测室楼上,而控制台、电器设备和操作者都在楼下.自1974年10月起,此仪器已在上海天文台进行了常规观测.获得的优良观测结果将在以后发表. 相似文献
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In this paper we first emphasize why it is important to know the successive zonal harmonics of the Sun's figure with high
accuracy: mainly fundamental astrometry, helioseismology, planetary motions and relativistic effects. Then we briefly comment
why the Sun appears oblate, going back to primitive definitions in order to underline some discrepancies in theories and to
emphasize again the relevant hypotheses. We propose a new theoretical approach entirely based on an expansion in terms of
Legendre's functions, including the differential rotation of the Sun at the surface. This permits linking the two first spherical
harmonic coefficients (J
2 and J
4) with the geometric parameters that can be measured on the Sun (equatorial and polar radii). We emphasize the difficulties
in inferring gravitational oblateness from visual measurements of the geometric oblateness, and more generally a dynamical
flattening. Results are given for different observed rotational laws. It is shown that the surface oblateness is surely upper
bounded by 11 milliarcsecond. As a consequence of the observed surface and sub-surface differential rotation laws, we deduce
a measure of the two first gravitational harmonics, the quadrupole and the octopole moment of the Sun: J
2=−(6.13±2.52)×10−7 if all observed data are taken into account, and respectively, J
2=−(6.84±3.75)×10−7 if only sunspot data are considered, and J
2=−(3.49±1.86)×10−7 in the case of helioseismic data alone. The value deduced from all available data for the octopole is: J
4=(2.8±2.1)×10−12. These values are compared to some others found in the literature.
Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005238718479 相似文献
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B. P. Kondratyev 《Solar System Research》2013,47(1):1-10
A two-component theoretical model of the physical libration of the Moon in longitude is constructed with account taken of the viscosity of the core. In the new version, a hydrodynamic problem of motion of a fluid filling a solid rotating shell is solved. It is found that surfaces of equal angular velocity are spherical, and a velocity field of the fluid core of the Moon is described by elementary functions. A distribution of the internal pressure in the core is found. An angular momentum exchange between the fluid core and solid mantle is described by a third-order differential equation with a right-hand side. The roots of a characteristic equation are studied and the stability of rotation is proved. A libration angle as a function of time is found using the derived solution of the differential equation. Limiting cases of infinitely large and infinitely small viscosity are considered and an effect of lag of a libration phase from a phase of action of an external moment of forces is ascertained. This makes it possible to estimate the viscosity and sizes of the lunar fluid core from data of observations. 相似文献
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M. V. Samokhin 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1993,61(1):29-37
Using the well-known equation for the normal component of the current which exist near the tangential discontinuity in the plasma in the case of the frozen-in magnetic field, and supposing that the current closes in the ionosphere in the auroral oval in the region 1, one calculates and compares with the data of observations the dependence of the density of the field-aligned current at the level of the ionosphere on the local time. 相似文献
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Yoshio Kubo 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2009,105(4):261-274
We calculate the so-called convective term, which shows up in the expression for the angular velocity of the elastic Earth,
within the Andoyer formalism. The term emerges due to the fact that the elasticity-caused perturbation depends not only on
the instantaneous orientation of the Earth but also on its instantaneous angular velocity. We demonstrate that this term makes
a considerable contribution into the overall angular velocity. At the same time the convective term turns out to be automatically
included into the correction to the nutation series due to the elasticity, if the series is defined by the perturbation of
the figure axis (and not of the rotational axis) in accordance with the current IAU resolution. Hence it is not necessary
to take the effect of the convective term into consideration in the perturbation of the elastic Earth as far as the nutation
is related to the motion of the figure axis. 相似文献
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Range of values of the Sun's mass quadrupole moment of coefficient J2 arising both from experimental and theoretical determinations enlarge across literature on two orders of magnitude, from
around 10-7 until to 10-5. The accurate knowledge of the Moon's physical librations, for which the Lunar Laser Ranging data reach an outstanding precision
level, prove to be appropriate to reduce the interval of J2 values by giving an upper bound of J2. A solar quadrupole moment as high as 1.1 10-5 given either from the upper bounds of the error bars of the observations, or from the Roche's theory, is not compatible with
the knowledge of the lunar librations accurately modeled and observed with the LLR experiment. The suitable values of J2 have to be smaller than 3.0 10-6.
As a consequence, this upper bound of 3.0 10-6 is accepted to study the impact of the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass on the dynamics of the Earth-Moon system. Such as
effect (with J2 = 5.5±1.3 × 10-6) has been already tested in 1983 by Campbell & Moffat using analytical approximate equations, and thus for the orbits of
Mercury, Venus, the Earth and Icarus. The approximate equations are no longer sufficient compared with present observational
data and exact equations are required. As if to compute the effect on the lunar librations, we have used our BJV relativistic
model of solar system integration including the spin-orbit coupled motion of the Moon. The model is solved by numerical integration.
The BJV model stems from general relativity by using the DSX formalism for purposes of celestial mechanics when it is about
to deal with a system of n extended, weakly self-gravitating, rotating and deformable bodies in mutual interactions.
The resulting effects on the orbital elements of the Earth have been computed and plotted over 160 and 1600 years. The impact
of the quadrupole moment of the Sun on the Earth's orbital motion is mainly characterized by variations of
,
, and
. As a consequence, the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass could play a sensible role over long time periods of integration of
solar system models.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Wu Lin-xiang 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1992,16(4):427-433
By means of a simple relation between the velocity v of the fluid particle and the velocity vf of the photospheric footpoint of the magnetic field line vz and Bz being respectively the components of v and the magnetic field B normal to the photospheric surface, it is shown formally that through the phtospheric surface the transport of all the quantities attributed to the magnetic field, such as the magnetic flux, the magnetic energy and the helicity, is independent of vz, and vf is the only kinematical quantity on which the transport depends. In addition, in the neighborhood of the neutral line the velocity vl of the moving curve of constant Bz is found to be equal approximately to the component of v or vf in the direction of vl. Since vl can be measured or extimated, so can the components of v and vf near the neutral line. 相似文献
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L. E. Cram 《Solar physics》1976,48(1):3-19
When the K-corona is formed by the scattering of photospheric radiation from free electrons, the Fraunhofer lines are greatly broadened by the thermal motions of the hot electrons. This paper discusses the possibility of measuring the coronal electron temperature from the residual depressions in the K-coronal spectrum. If the ratio of the intensities at 4100 Å and 3900 Å can be measured to an accuracy of ±1%, the coronal temperature can be inferred to an accuracy of ±0.2 MK. The temperature of a coronal inhomogeneity may also be measured by this method, provided the position angle is known.Now at Fraunhofer Institute, Freiburg, Germany. 相似文献
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G. M. Petrov 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1991,177(1-2):269-270
The classical method of determination of the absolute azimuth (or Bessel's parameter n) can secure sufficiently precision for RA from observations of stars at high geographical latitudes during polar night only. 相似文献