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利用碳纤维加固混凝土构件提高承载能力及延长寿命是目前比较流行的方法。为了对碳纤维加固的公路常见钢筋混凝土T梁进行受力全过程分析,按理想界限破坏条件计算了碳纤维加固用量;采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土T梁按卸载和不卸载两种情况进行了建模、计算和分析。重点考虑了不同配筋率、不同粘贴碳纤维层数的影响,并与试验结果进行比较。分析结果表明有限元非线性分析方法可以较好的预测碳纤维加固混凝土梁的抗弯受力性能,碳纤维的加固是可以延缓梁的破坏的,有利于提高梁的极限承载力,碳纤维加固的面积与层数对提高梁的刚度的贡献是明显的。 相似文献
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基于对目前城市桥梁通常采用的独柱墩连续梁桥的受力和结构设计存在的问题和缺陷,提出了两跨T形刚构桥梁结构形式,并对两种桥梁结构形式在构造、静力行为和抗震性能方面的特点进行了研究。与连续梁桥相比,独柱墩T形刚构桥通过墩梁固结节省了支座,简化了伸缩缝的构造,增加了桥梁的横向稳定性,大大减小了横梁的受力。静力研究表明,两种结构在自重、温度及活载作用下,弯矩和变形基本接近,但T形刚构预应力损失小,且预应力次力矩对于主梁抗弯产生了有利效果。地震反应分析结果显示,墩梁固结能够显著降低地震力作用下桥墩和桩基的弯矩,提高了桥梁的抗震能力,简化了抗震构造。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(4)
针对汶川地震中板式橡胶支座梁桥梁体横向移位严重的震害现象,提出了在原约束体系基础上增设X形板弹塑性挡块的抗震加固设计方法。以一座典型板式橡胶支座简支梁桥为研究对象,建立了可合理模拟支座滑动效应、挡块力学性能和墩柱滞回性能的全桥精细化有限元数值模型。选择国内外实际地震动进行横桥向非线性地震反应分析,研究了梁体与钢筋混凝土挡块横向间隙、X形板弹塑性挡块力学性能等两大参数对抗震加固效果的影响。研究表明:钢筋混凝土挡块与梁体间可预留一定横向间隙,X形板弹塑性挡块屈服强度可控制为上部结构恒载反力的5%;与抗震加固前相比,抗震加固设计能有效控制墩梁相对位移,同时减小桥墩结构地震反应,显著提高桥梁结构抗震性能。 相似文献
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针对辽阳市中华大桥局部结构损伤对其承载力影响的问题,通过现场静力试验和损伤检测,得出了系统的现场数据,将该数据与桥梁破坏前的检测数据进行对比,确定结构的主要损伤为预应力T型主梁连接处的肋梁严重破损。用大型三维有限元软件ANSYS中的生死单元技术模拟破坏肋梁,建立了单跨损伤肋梁有限元数值模型,并将有限元数值分析结果与检测值相对比,验证了有限元模型的准确性。最后,采用钢筋焊接填筑混凝土进行补强,以外加钢板法加固损伤肋梁,并建立加固后的有限元模型,分析验证了该加固方法的有效性。 相似文献
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为了研究不同支撑形式对开洞框架结构加固抗震性能的影响,以人字支撑加固框架结构的水平低周反复试验为基础,采用抗震性能分析软件OpenSees,分别对采用人字形、X形和局部人字形支撑加固的开洞框架结构进行了模拟地震作用的非线性数值分析,通过对不同形式支撑加固框架的滞回曲线和骨架曲线比较分析,结果表明:数值分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,采用不同形式支撑加固后,框架的开裂荷载、屈服荷载和极限荷载得到不同程度的提高,其中人字支撑加固效果最好,局部人字支撑加固效果次之。 相似文献
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现有桥梁中有一部分需要进行加固,而采用高强复合玻璃纤维进行加固在国内尚属起步阶段,研究其加固性能,尤其是加固后的疲劳性能是一项有意义的工作。本文进行了高强复合玻璃纤维加固RC梁在重复荷载作用下的弯曲性能试验研究。试验表明:粘贴高强复合玻璃纤维后混凝土梁的疲劳寿命提高了2倍多,其疲劳变形减少了61%~65%,加固梁的疲劳抗裂性能得到了较大改善。因此,粘贴复合玻璃纤维是提高混凝土梁疲劳性能的有效方法,可用于延长混凝土梁的使用寿命。本文还通过加固梁的钢筋应力幅值与疲劳寿命的关系,拟合出S-N曲线。 相似文献
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研究了高强钢绞线网-高性能砂浆加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗低速冲击性能,利用落锤冲击试验法对4根简支钢筋混凝土梁进行对比试验研究,其中1根为普通梁,3根为加固梁,通过分析加固前后梁的破坏形态,结合挠度变化、钢筋的应变以及加速度的时程曲线,对比得到了钢筋混凝土梁加固后的抗冲击性能。研究结果表明：加固后钢筋混凝土梁的抗冲击能力显著提高,钢绞线和砂浆作为外加层,不仅增加了梁的抗弯剪能力和刚度,提高了结构的耗能能力,而且限制了裂缝的发展,使梁的整体性和延性更好;在相同冲击作用下,钢绞线直径的增加能适当提高结构的抗冲击性能。 相似文献
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为避免震后建筑工程加固不合理导致再次受损,并为加固修复工程提供合理化建议,促进震后救灾工作顺利开展,提出震后建筑工程混凝土缺陷加固修复方法的研究。首先,对混凝土梁试件和混凝土柱试件进行设置,研究基于碳纤维布或外包钢套加固方法对混凝土梁和混凝土柱试件展开循环荷载试验;其次,通过混凝土梁试件滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性及耗能情况,分析不同加固修复方法的混凝土梁试件抗震性能;最后,通过混凝土柱试件延性及耗能、刚度退化和承载力退化情况,分析采用不同加固方法修复的混凝土柱试件抗震性能。试验结果显示：高配筋率可提升混凝土梁试件滞回特性,外包钢套加固混凝土梁试件滞回饱满程度较高、耗能较少,碳纤维布加固梁试件可将加载位移由10 mm延缓至30 mm,提升延性;碳纤维布加固可提升混凝土柱延性,外包钢套加固重度缺陷混凝土柱可以良好抑制其刚度和承载力退化。试验结果验证了碳纤维加固可提升震后建筑工程混凝土结构延性,外包钢套加固可抑制混凝土结构刚度、承载力退化。 相似文献
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针对当前钢筋混凝土梁抗弯加固性能评估法未考虑不同建筑结构的抗灾差异,所求得的各项承载力参数不够客观,从而造成评估结果与实际检测结果差异大,评估精度低的问题,提出基于分灾模式的钢筋混凝土梁抗弯加固性能评估方法。计算梁底初始拉应变、梁正截面极限抗弯承载力和钢筋混凝土梁正截面荷载挠度,然后设计分灾模式的钢筋混凝土梁抗弯加固,通过分析载荷与压应变、载荷与挠度以及剪力与位移变化,得到钢筋混凝土梁抗弯加固后各项承载力参数,输入各项梁承载力参数到ANSYS通用程序,利用该程序结合钢筋混凝土梁抗弯加固性能进行评估。通过进行仿真实验,结果表明加入分灾元件的钢筋混凝土梁抗弯加固性能有明显提高。将本文方法评估结果与实验实际评估结果对比可知,提出的评估方法与实际检测结果基本一致,评估精度准确性较高。 相似文献
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藻类鉴定被广泛应用于藻类遗传学、生理学、生态学和应用藻类学,尤其是藻类调查和评估.然而,基于形态学的鉴定往往因为分类特征未出现或不典型、设备限制和人员经验欠缺等原因带来较大误差.随着测序技术的不断发展,分子标记已成为藻类鉴定的一个通用工具.由于藻类类群众多且差异很大,分子标记的选择成为藻类鉴定的关键.本文综述了蓝藻、硅藻、绿藻、甲藻、裸藻、隐藻、金藻、黄藻、红藻和褐藻等主要门类分子标记的选择及应用进展,包括分子标记选择原则、常用标记和相应序列数据库,以及各个分子标记在不同类群应用中的优缺点等.藻类分子鉴定源于编码核糖体RNA的基因（rDNA）,发展于细胞核、线粒体、叶绿体DNA等.然而,当前藻类分子鉴定逐渐细化和完善,单一的核糖体DNA、内转录间隔区（ITS）和保守蛋白编码基因等短序列分子标记已经很难满足藻类鉴定的需求,多标记组合成为一种必然选择.同时,线粒体基因组、叶绿体基因组、核基因组、转录组和宏基因组等提供了更多遗传进化信息,弥补了短序列分子标记在系统分类应用中的不足.对于藻类鉴定,单纯依赖分子标记或形态学都不足以保证鉴定的准确性,采用将分子生物学、形态学、生理生化学等结合的多相学方法,才能准确地完成鉴定工作.此外,藻类分子数据库的建立和完善是未来分子鉴定的重要工作,快速鉴定方法也必将在未来获得广泛的应用和发展. 相似文献
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Abstract Fossil otariid pinnipeds of the extinct genera Prototaria Takeyama and Ozawa, 1984, and Neotherium Kellogg, 1931, known from Middle Miocene deposits bordering the North Pacific Ocean, are small, primitive pinnipeds in the subfamily Imagotariinae. They have a small supraorbital process of the frontal or have lost it entirely, a three-rooted first molar, small paroccipital process, and ear morphology indicating that they belong in the subfamily Imagotariinae. Their unique derived characters include extreme intertemporal constriction and highly modified cheek teeth, the premolars having become molarized by the addition of protocones and lingual cingula. Prototaria Takeyama and Ozawa, 1984, the most primitive known imagotariine genus, contains two species, P. primigena Takeyama and Ozawa, 1984, and P. planicephala Kohno, 1994, both of early Middle Miocene age from Japan. Prototaria has a few derived characters, including a large antorbital process, narrow intertemporal region, and large orbit, but its primitive characters apparently were inherited from enaliarctine ancestors. The long enigmatic Neotherium mirum Kellogg, 1931, of Middle Miocene age from California, USA, is related to Prototaria, but differs by having an elongate skull, very slender zygomatic arch, ventrally exposed median lacerate foramen, and smaller but more molarized premolars. A more primitive new genus and species, Proneotherium repenningi Barnes, related to N. mirum, is from the early Middle Miocene Astoria Formation, coastal Oregon, USA. It shares some derived characters with Prototaria, and shares many other important derived characters with N. mirum. Imagotariines probably arose from some species of Early Miocene enaliarctines, became diverse in Middle and Late Miocene time, and are only known from the North Pacific realm. Although they might include the ancestors of true walruses of the subfamily Odobeninae, no known imagotariines appear to have been adapted for mollusk feeding as are the highly evolved modern walruses. Instead, imagotariines appear to have retained a primitive piscivorous diet, as did the fur seals and sea lions of the subfamily Otariinae. 相似文献
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The chronologies are shown of sediment load on the banks of a river of the Ruhr district (Lippe) with radionuclides of radium, lead and cesium and preliminary chemical measurements for lead, zinc, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, barium, PAHs, PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, TOC, AOX and EOX. A new method of dating is developed and proved, which is especially suitable for rivers with radioactivity from coal mines. The method improves the well-known excess-210Pb-dating for the use with rivers in industrial regions and allows the preparation of load histories (chronologies). Conclusions are made on the historical trend of emissions in the region from the trend of the sediment load of known age and regular sedimentation without perturbation. 相似文献
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In order to recognize lateral and seasonal variations in composition of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Odra Estuary, samples were taken at four sites in the period July 1996 - July 1997 monthly if possible. The contents of the elements Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K, P, C, S as well as Ba, Cr, Sr, V, Zn, Cu, Zr, and of the minerals illite, chlorite, smectite, kaolinite and others have been determined. The decreasing influence of the river Odra towards the open sea could be realized with the help of the contents of the minerals quartz, smectite, and of the elements Ba, Cr, K, P, Si and other. 60% of the seasonal and lateral variations can be explained by changing contents of total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), Al, Fe, Si, Ti, P, Mn, and Ba. They are mainly caused by differences in the production of organic matter, resuspension, riverine input, and redox-sensitive processes. 相似文献
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At the beginning of August 1997, 72 samples of flood sediments were taken along the Upper and Middle Odra river and its tributaries. The concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, and Fe in the bulk samples and in the <20 μm fraction were determined by AAS method. The contents of metals vary in wide ranges and are significantly higher in the <20 μm fraction of sediments. The range concentrations vary as following: Zn 274...3 656 mg/kg, Pb 79...1 773 mg/kg, Cd 1.7...11.8 mg/kg, Cu 38...2 244 mg/kg, Cr 14...384 mg/kg, Co 4...73 mg/kg, Hg 0.2...3.9 mg/kg, Mn 214...6 972 mg/kg, and Fe 1.5...16.3 %. The highest amount of the metals was found in the Wrocław and Głogów regions. The mobile (exchangeable and carbonatic fractions) portions of metals reached up to 50 % of Zn, 40 % of Pb and Cu and 60 % of Mn. 相似文献
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The Upper Devonian orbital cyclostratigraphy and numerical dating conodont zones from Guangxi,South China 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
GONG Yiming XU Ran TANG Zhongdao & LI Baohua Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(1):32-41
The hierarchically organized laminae, bundles, bundlesets and superbundlesets which correspond to a sub-Milankovitch, obliquity or precession, eccentricity and long eccentricity cyclothems, respectively, have been distinguished from the Upper Devonian Fras-nian-Famennian (F-F) transitional carbonate successions deposited in the carbonate-basin and slope facies of Guangxi, South China. The durations of cyclothems are 8000-10000a, 16667a or 33333a, 100000a and 400000a, respectively. The ratio of eccentricity to precession, eccentricity to obliquity, and long eccentricity to eccentricity is 1 : 6, 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 in the Devonian, respectively. Orbital cyclostratigraphical studies show that the durations of the conodont falsio-valis Zone, transitans Zone, punctate Zone, Lower hassi Zone, Upper hassi Zone, jamieae Zone, Lower rhenana Zone, Upper rhenana Zone, linguiformis Zone, Lower triangularis Zone, Middle triangularis Zone and Upper triangularis Zone are 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.3, 0.4, 0.2, 0.8, 0.6, 0.8, 0.3, 0 相似文献
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John P. Sumpter 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2005,33(1):9-16
Although a relatively new area of environmental research, the field of endocrine disruption has grown very rapidly, and currently many hundreds, perhaps even a few thousand, papers are published annually on the many different aspects covered by the field. As far as endocrine disruption in wildlife is concerned, most attention has been focused on aquatic organisms, for two reasons. Firstly, the aquatic environment receives most of the pollutants intentionally released into the environment, through effluents from wastewater treatment plants, and secondly because many of the best documented examples of endocrine disruption in wildlife are of partially or completely aquatic species. These two reasons are probably not unconnected, of course. Hence, aquatic organisms can receive continuous exposure to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals throughout their lives, albeit usually to low concentrations of these chemicals. Analysis of effluents has identified many of the endocrine‐disrupting chemicals present, and shown that these are both natural and man‐made, and vary greatly in potency. Most attention has been directed to identifying the main estrogenic chemicals, because many of the effects reported in wildlife appear to be a consequence of ‘feminization’ of males. However, chemical analysis of effluents has also demonstrated that chemicals with other types of endocrine activity are present, such as androgens, anti‐androgens, progestagens, etc. The effects (if any, of course) of such chemicals on aquatic organisms are unknown, and largely uninvestigated, presently. Much of the biological research has centred on the effects of estrogenic chemicals, especially to fish. These effects, such as elevated vitellogenin concentrations and intersexuality, have to date been studied almost exclusively at the level of the individual, and hence whether endocrine‐disrupting chemicals cause population‐level consequences is largely unknown (the undeniable effects of TBT on molluscs, leading to local extinctions, being the exception). It is my opinion that rather too much of the recent research has not advanced our understanding of endocrine disruption a great deal, and we are probably not much further forward now than we were five years or so ago. It is surely time to tackle some of the outstanding, unresolved issues, such as the impact of endocrine disruption at the population level, and the issue of how organisms respond when exposed to complex mixtures of endocrine active chemicals. Such research will not be easy, and will require multidisciplinary teams, including people with expertise in areas not yet involved in the field of endocrine disruption, such as mathematical modellers. However, until such research is done, it will not be possible to decide how important an issue endocrine disruption is to wildlife, and how that importance compares to the other factors adversely affecting wildlife, such as habitat loss, climate change, and the introduction of exotic species and novel diseases. 相似文献
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Abstract Chelonioid sea turtles (Order Testudinata; Superfamily Chelonioidea) first appear in the early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian). Their long fossil record is excellent compared to most marine tetrapods. Nonetheless, there has been no inclusive attempt to provide an analysis of cladistic relationships among this group. In this paper, the following chelonioid classification is proposed, based on 76 characters among 20 fossil and six living well- represented genera:
- 1 Family Cheloniidae (Coniacian to Recent); Toxochelys, Ctenochelys, Osteopygis, Erquelinnesia, Allopleuron, Argillochelys, Puppigerus, Eochelone, Syllomus, Natator, Eretmochelys, Chelonia, Caretta, Lepidochelys
- 2 Family Protostegidae (Aptian to Maastrichtian?); ‘Santana new protostegid’,Rhinochelys, Notochelone, Desmatochelys, Chelosphargis, Protostega, Archelon
- 3 Family Dermochelyidae (Santonian? to Recent); Corsochelys, ‘HMG new dermo-chelyid’, Eosphargis, Psephophorus, Dermochelys.
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Hydrological processes and conditions were quantified for the Mersey River Basin (two basins: one exiting below Mill Falls, and one exiting below George Lake), the Roger's Brook Basin, Moosepit Brook, and for other selected locations at and near Kejimkujik National Park in Nova Scotia, Canada, from 1967 to 1990. Addressed variables included precipitation (rain, snow, fog), air temperature, stream discharge, snowpack accumulations, throughfall, soil and subsoil moisture, soil temperature and soil frost, at a monthly resolution. It was found that monthly per hectare stream discharge was essentially independent of catchment area from <20 km2 to more than 1000 km2. The forest hydrology model ForHyM2 was used to simulate monthly rates of stream discharge, throughfall and snowpack water equivalents for mature forest conditions. These simulations were in good agreement with the historical records once the contributions of fog and mist to the area‐wide water budget were taken into account, each on a monthly basis. The resulting simulations establish a hydrologically consistent, continuous, comprehensive and partially verified record for basin‐wide outcomes for all major hydrological processes and conditions, be these related to stream discharge, soil moisture, soil temperature, snowpack accumulations, soil frost, throughfall, interception and soil percolation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献