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哈密是典型的资源性缺水城市,坎儿井有无需机电耗能即可通过自流引水、在干旱地区水行地下减少蒸发、生态补偿等诸多优点,在历史上曾为哈密地区绿洲发展做出很大贡献,如今坎儿井仍在为区域内部分小型农业生产、环境生态保护和人民生活继续服务。随着工农业用水、城镇化生活用水整体需求不断大幅提高,坎儿井这种古老的水利工程已无法满足供水需求从而逐渐衰退。但坎儿井的价值不仅仅是一种水利工程,它是干旱地区劳动人民的智慧结晶,是当地绿洲发展的重要见证者,这种古老而又特别的灌溉系统传承至今具有独特的人文价值,因此保护坎儿井仍然十分必要。为探究坎儿井发展现状和保护策略,本文从哈密境内坎儿井的发展历程浅析其时空分布、数量规模、水量变化趋势,针对哈密境内坎儿井现状分布,科学选取有代表性的坎儿井,通过对2007-2020年长期监测数据进行系统比对分析发现哈密境内坎儿井在维护运行上受政策保护或个体户及时维护,虽然出水量有减少趋势,但还能正常使用,而从哈密坎儿井整体发展情况不难发现,因地表水补给地下水量较少、周围机井布局影响、缺乏维护等种种原因,现有有水坎儿井数量、坎儿井出水量均在不断下降。坎儿井的长效保护需要在政策保护、技... 相似文献
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《地下水》2021,(4)
坎儿井水作为吐鲁番盆地供水水源之一,为当经济社会的发展做出了重要的贡献。随着该地区地下水开发利用的不断增长,坎儿井出水量受到了严重的影响。为更好的保护坎儿井,利用数值模拟方法分析了影响坎儿井出水量的主要因素,包括坎儿井结构设计、水文地质参数、地表水体入渗和地下水位变化四个方面。结果表明,坎儿井的出水量与坎儿井斜率、机井与坎儿井距离、含水层渗透系数这几种因素的影响较为显著,其余因素对坎儿井出水量影响较小。其中,当坎儿井斜率小于0. 003时,出水量迅速增大;当机井与坎儿井平均距离越近时,坎儿井的出水量越小,当距离大于1 km时,对坎儿井出水量几乎没有影响;当含水层渗透系数为1 m达到最大值。 相似文献
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浅谈水资源的和谐开发 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新疆是我国绿洲分布最集中、最典型的地区,水资源则是绿洲生命源泉,而坎儿井是绿洲特有的地下灌溉水利工程。以坎儿井这一水利奇迹的历史变迁为主线,就新疆及其相关区的水资源的和谐利用提出一些浅见。 相似文献
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在对哈密盆地气象、水文、地形以及地貌等条件分析的基础上,对研究区的区域水文地质条件和地下水资源开发利用进行了分析。研究结果表明:哈密盆地为典型的内陆干旱盆地,地下水类型包括松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类裂隙孔隙水、基岩裂隙水和冻结层水。哈密盆地潜水主要接受北部巴里坤山、哈尔里克山的冰川融水及少量大气降水补给,径流总体方向由北向南,排泄以侧向径流、机井开采、坎儿井取水、蒸发等方式排泄;哈密盆地在地下水的开发利用上以机电井为主,而坎儿井、泉为辅。 相似文献
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大草湖水源地位于吐鲁番市高昌区。本文以新疆吐鲁番市大草湖水源为对象,在对研究区地形地貌、地层岩性以及地质构造等条件分析的基础上,重点对该水源地的含水层特征、补径排条件以及泉水的动态特征进行分析,可以为后期新疆坎儿井水务科技有限公司对矿泉水的开发利用提供水文地质依据。 相似文献
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在分析研究坎儿井主要技术特点的基础上,结合河流冲洪积扇地形地貌特征、储水构造以及水资源转化特点,提出了建设山前凹陷带"横坎儿井式"地下水库的具体思路,并以台兰河地下水库示范工程为例,对构筑"横坎儿井式"地下水库的可行性及其"引渗回补"调蓄系统、"横坎儿井"集水系统、"自流虹吸"输水系统三大工程组成部分的结构设计原理进行了初步的探讨.山前凹陷地下水库是非常理想的应急抗旱水源工程,其研究和示范工程,为干旱区内陆河流域地表水与地下水联合调度、水资源高效利用探索出了一种新模式. 相似文献
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在对吐鲁番盆地气象、水文、地形以及地貌等条件分析的基础上,对研究区水文地质条件和地下水资源开发利用进行分析。结果表明:吐鲁番盆地地下水类型包括松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类裂隙孔隙水、基岩裂隙水、冻结层水;吐鲁番盆地地下水接受来自北部博格达山、西部天格尔山的冰川水及少量大气降水补给,以蒸发、机井、坎儿井、侧向径流以及人工开采等形式排泄,最终排泄区为艾丁湖;平原区地下水化学类型具条带状分布规律。山前砾质平原区以HCO_3·SO_4型水为主,向细土平原及湖积平原依次变为SO_4·HCO_3型、SO_4·Cl型、Cl·SO_4型和Cl型水,而在地下水的开发利用上以机电井为主,坎儿井、泉为辅。 相似文献
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Karez is an indigenous method of irrigation in which groundwater is tapped by a tunnel. After running for some distance the tunnel comes out in the open and the water is conducted to the command area. Karez irrigation is practised in 22 countries from China to Chile including Pakistan. In Pakistan it is confined to the province of Balochistan which has a tribal society.Karez is an old and stable irrigation system of Pakistan. It is a community enterprise managed by tribal tradition and run by social control. Spacing of the karez, their types, life, length, discharge, land development and allocation, water distribution and management are important aspects of karez irrigation which have been discussed in this paper. Differences in karez maintenance and management produced by differences in tradition and customs of various tribes inhabiting Balochistan are brought out. Furthermore recent changes in Karez irrigation caused by changes in the socio-economic conditions are also analysed. 相似文献
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地下水资源是宝鸡市市区的主要供水水源,由于超采致使水位逐年急剧下降,水质受到不同程度污染.本文通过对城市地下水资源承载能力进行分析,提出了保护城市地下水资源,实现可持续利用的调控措施. 相似文献
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城市地下工程中的环境岩土工程问题 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
近年来, 随着城市人口的急剧增长, 交通与住房拥挤状况日趋突出, 在我国一些大中城市中, 道路交通隧道、地铁工程、地下商城等地下工程建设项目在逐年增多。由于城市工程环境特殊性和地下工程的特点, 在其施工过程中经常出现基坑失稳 (明挖 )、地面沉降、岩溶塌陷、洞室失稳、巷道突水等多种环境岩土工程问题, 不仅严重影响地下工程建设和周围建筑物环境安全, 而且给国家造成重大经济损失。这一问题已引起岩土工程领域很许多专家的关注, 并成为该领域的研究热点。本文结合南京市区地下工程建设的实际情况, 探讨城市地下工程环境岩土工程问题的特点和形成机理, 并提出解决地下工程环境岩土工程问题的方法和建议。 相似文献
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Assessment of vulnerability to seawater intrusion and potential remediation measures for coastal aquifers: a case study from eastern India 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Seawater intrusion is a major threat to the rapidly depleting groundwater resources in the coastal areas of India. Groundwater-based irrigation, significant industrial development and rapid urbanization are some of the key contributors exacerbating the stress on groundwater resources. Vulnerability to seawater intrusion in the Ramanathapuram district of Eastern India is assessed here utilizing the GALDIT method, for a period of 10 years (2001–2010). Results revealed a drastic increase in percent area coverage under moderate vulnerability, from 19.5 to 53.88 %, between the years 2001 and 2010. On the contrary, areas classified as highly vulnerable underwent minor changes over the span of the study. Vulnerability of the study area was also analyzed for the year 2050 considering an average global mean sea level rise of 3.1 mm/year. Results from the analysis for the year 2050 showed that, almost, the entire study area (~97 %) was classified under moderate vulnerability. As a remedial measure to this imminent threat, favorable zones for artificial recharge were delineated on the basis of overlay analysis with weightage values for important controlling factors. Subsequently, the quantity of artificial recharge required to inhibit the intrusion of seawater, at specified favorable zones were estimated to be 674.87, 599.18 and 1,450.66 m3/year. 相似文献
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近年来，江川清水沟磷矿随开采台阶的不断下延，采空区面积将逐年增大，每年均发生采空区底板坡下滑，直接影响矿山生产的顺利进行，且造成大量水土流失，根据矿区地质并通过现场分析研究，得出影响边坡下滑的几种因素，并有放矢地在东，北两矿段采空区采取了防治措施，取得了较好效果，可供同类矿山作参考。 相似文献
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A storage pile of de-icing agent consisting principally of sodium chloride was placed in the recharge area of two springs, and remained there for 2 years. Water flow is through fractures in rocks with low matrix permeability, along a hydraulic gradient developed along fracture zones. Salt contamination in the springs was noticed about 1 year after the salt was placed. When the salt was removed 1 year later, chloride concentrations in the springs exceeded 500 mg/L. Monitoring for the following 5 years showed salt contamination rising for the first year, but receding to normal background after 5 years. Chloride to sodium ratios of the spring waters indicated that some sodium was initially sequestered, probably by ion exchange on clay minerals, in the early part of the monitoring period, and released during the latter part; thereby extending the period of contamination.Richard S. diPretoro: deceased 相似文献
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A century of land subsidence in Ravenna, Italy 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
P. Teatini M. Ferronato G. Gambolati W. Bertoni M. Gonella 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(6):831-846
Over the last century the Ravenna area has been affected by a widespread land subsidence process of both natural and anthropogenic origin which has become a matter of increasingly great concern. Land settlement, initially of the order of a few mm/year, dramatically increased up to 110 mm/year after World War II primarily due to groundwater pumping and, subordinately, gas production from a number of deep on-shore and off-shore reservoirs. Spirit leveling was carried out in the area of the Ravenna Municipality by various authorities and agencies ever since the end of the nineteenth century using an increasingly refined network of benchmarks. The available information, spanning the time interval from 1897 to 2002, has been implemented and homogenized into a Geographic Information System (GIS). Measurements processed by kriging provide the pattern of the subsidence rates over the municipal territory during eight sub-periods. The reliability of data processing is discussed for both magnitude and areal distribution of the occurrence, showing a pronounced nonlinear behavior in time, as related to the major responsible factors. Cumulative land subsidence approaches almost 1 m over more than one third of the municipality area including the city and a significant fraction of the coastland, with peaks larger than 1.5 m over a 10 km2 zone located between the historical center and the coastline. Most recent records show that at present the mainland appears to be substantially stable, whereas some coastal areas are still subsiding at a rate of about 10 mm/year with a significant threat to the environment and the infrastructures as well, although to a lesser extent than in the past decades. 相似文献
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徐州大屯中心区地面沉降趋势预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
徐州大屯中心区1988年建立了地面沉降观测系统,2005年最大累计沉降量达到600 mm.累计沉降量大于100 mm的地区面积达到11.57 km2.本文根据近20年的沉降观测数据分析了中心区地面沉降的时空分布特征,并采用灰色模型方法,对地面沉降趋势进行了预测,结果表明到2010年最大累计沉降量将达到753 mm,累计沉降量大于100 mm的地区将达到32.86 km2,对中心区的建筑、地下管网将造成较大威胁,应尽快采取防治措施. 相似文献
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Based on the dynamic analysis and research of pollution risk of groundwater sources, this paper creates the dynamic assessment method of pollution risk of groundwater source area under the theory of “source-pathway-receptor”, and applies this method to one typical fissure karst groundwater source area in northern China. Following the 30-year petroleum pollutant migration simulation and pollution risk assessment of groundwater source area, this study finds that the very high risk zone is mainly located in Q Petrochemical Company and the surrounding area and the area adjacent to River Z. Within this period of thirty years, the pollution risk of groundwater source area has showed a dynamic trend that features an inverted “V” shape. The ratio of very high risk zone to the total area will be 18.1%, 17.47% and 16.62% during the tenth year, the twentieth year and the thirtieth year separately, and will reach the highest level of 19.45% during the fifteenth year. Meanwhile, the vertical migration distance of pollutant centre concentration changed from the surface soil at the outset to the deepest point of about 250 meters underground during the tenth year. The results of this risk assessment indicate the dynamic feature of pollution risk. The dilution, degradation and migration of petroleum pollutants in groundwater system contribute to an ultimate decline in pollution risk. 相似文献