共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 734 毫秒
1.
引入拖曳系数参数化的海冰自由漂流模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Many interesting characteristics of sea ice drift depend on the atmospheric drag coefficient(C_a) and oceanic drag coefficient(C_w).Parameterizations of drag coefficients rather than constant values provide us a way to look insight into the dependence of these characteristics on sea ice conditions.In the present study,the parameterized ice drag coefficients are included into a free-drift sea ice dynamic model,and the wind factor α and the deflection angle θ between sea ice drift and wind velocity as well as the ratio of C_a to C_w are studied to investigate their dependence on the impact factors such as local drag coefficients,floe and ridge geometry.The results reveal that in an idealized steady ocean,C_a/C_w increases obviously with the increasing ice concentration for small ice floes in the marginal ice zone,while it remains at a steady level(0.2-0.25) for large floes in the central ice zone.The wind factor α increases rapidly at first and approaches a steady level of 0.018 when A is greater than 20%.And the deflection angle θ drops rapidly from an initial value of approximate 80° and decreases slowly as A is greater than20%without a steady level like α.The values of these parameters agree well with the previously reported observations in Arctic.The ridging intensity is an important parameter to determine the dominant contribution of the ratio of skin friction drag coefficient(C_s' /C_s) and the ratio of ridge form drag coefficient(C_r'/C_r) to the value of C_a/C_w,α,and θ,because of the dominance of ridge form drag for large ridging intensity and skin friction for small ridging intensity among the total drag forces.Parameterization of sea ice drag coefficients has the potential to be embedded into ice dynamic models to better account for the variability of sea ice in the transient Arctic Ocean. 相似文献
2.
3.
Hotspots in ambient noise caused by ice-edge eddies in the Greenland and Barents Seas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johannessen O.M. Sagen H. Sandven S. Stark K.V. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2003,28(2):212-228
Mesoscale eddies are frequently observed in the Greenland and Barents Seas' marginal ice zone (MIZ). The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that acoustic hotspots along the ice-edge region are due to mesoscale eddy currents interacting with the broken-up ice floes in the MIZ. To test this hypothesis, ambient-noise case studies were carried out during the MIZEX 85-87 and SIZEX 89 field experiments. In each experiment, ice-edge eddies were localized visually from aircraft and by use of satellite remote-sensing data obtained in near real time. Sonobuoys were, thereafter, deployed by fix-wing aircraft and helicopters in selected eddy areas. Ambient-noise data, recorded over several hours by aircraft, were analyzed estimating averaged ambient-noise levels at four selected frequencies: 40, 100, 315, and 1000 Hz. The analysis showed high mean levels and large gradients in ambient noise near ice-edge eddies and during strong wind and wave forcing against the ice edge. The conclusion of this study is that mapping of the ice edge and localization of mesoscale ocean processes using remote sensing from space will provide important input to ambient-noise prediction in the MIZ. 相似文献
4.
《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1999,46(6-7):1319-1333
The ambient noise produced by large areas of ice floes, such as the Odden and the marginal ice zone, was recorded and analysed. A model based on the collision, compression and shearing of floes driven by ocean swell was constructed. This model allows the level and variance of the ambient noise to be predicted provided the conditions of the ice and the sea state are known. The frequency spectrum of the ambient noise in the range 100 Hz to 100 kHz is explained in terms of acoustic propagation and absorption by sea water. The probability distribution of ambient noise intensity, obtained from a statistical analysis of collision frequencies, is a form of K distribution and agrees with observations. 相似文献
6.
Considering the discontinuous characteristics of sea ice on various scales,a modified discrete element model（DEM） for sea ice dynamics is developed based on the granular material rheology.In this modified DEM,a soft sea ice particle element is introduced as a self-adjustive particle size function.Each ice particle can be treated as an assembly of ice floes,with its concentration and thickness changing to variable sizes under the conservation of mass.In this model,the contact forces among ice particles are calculated using a viscous-elastic-plastic model,while the maximum shear forces are described with the Mohr-Coulomb friction law.With this modified DEM,the ice flow dynamics is simulated under the drags of wind and current in a channel of various widths.The thicknesses,concentrations and velocities of ice particles are obtained,and then reasonable dynamic process is analyzed.The sea ice dynamic process is also simulated in a vortex wind field.Taking the influence of thermodynamics into account,this modified DEM will be improved in the future work. 相似文献
7.
再谈海冰边缘区域中尺度涡旋形成机制——非线性平流 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用三维海洋模式与二维海冰模式耦合,研究海冰边缘区域中尺度涡旋形成最重要的机制之一——非线性平流机制。二维海洋模型模拟结果表明,非线性平流机制在水深比较浅的时候更加重要。不同于把海洋考虑成一个正压流体的二维模型,三维海洋模型中海冰通过海-冰相互作用直接影响海洋表层。我们发现在三维海洋模型实验中,中尺度涡旋和海洋表面抬升都对水深变化敏感。海流速度的垂直结构表面,当海水变浅,各层海流都变得更快。相同风应力作用相同时间之后,表面抬升与海水深度成反比关系。同时我们还发现由于垂直运动,在三维海洋模型实验结果中,海面抬升非常小,只有二维海洋模型实验结果的1%。垂直运动是三维海洋模型和二维海洋模型实验结果不同的根本原因。 相似文献
8.
The theoretical foundation of a wave–ice interaction model is reported in Part 1 of this study. The model incorporates attenuation of ocean surface waves by sea ice floes and the concomitant breaking of the floes by waves that determines the structure of the marginal ice zone (MIZ). A numerical implementation of the method is presented here. Convergence of the numerical method is demonstrated, as temporal and spatial grids are refined. A semi-analytical method, which does not require time-stepping, is also developed to validate the numerical results, when dispersion is neglected. The wave energy lost during ice breakage is parameterized, as part of the numerical method. Sensitivity studies are conducted in relation to the energy loss and also dispersive effects, the choice of the attenuation model, the properties of the wave field, and sea ice properties such as concentration, thickness and breaking strain. Example simulations intended to represent conditions in the Fram Strait in 2007, which exploit reanalyzed wave and ice model data, are shown to conclude the results section. These are compared to estimates of MIZ widths based on a concentration criteria, and obtained from remotely-sensed passive microwave images. 相似文献
9.
New dynamics parameterizations in Version 5 of the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, CICE, feature an anisotropic rheology and variable drag coefficients. This study investigates their effect on Arctic sea ice volume and age simulations, along with the effects of several pre-existing model options: a parameter that represents the mean cumulative area of ice participating in ridging, the resolution of the ice thickness distribution, and the resolution of the vertical temperature and salinity profiles.By increasing shear stress between floes, the anisotropic rheology slows the ice motion, producing a thicker, older ice pack. The inclusion of variable drag coefficients, which depend on modeled roughness elements such as deformed ice and melt pond edges, leads to thinner ice and a more realistic simulation of sea ice age. Several feedback processes act to enhance differences among the runs. Notably, if less open water is produced mechanically through ice deformational processes, the simulated ice thins relative to runs with more mechanically produced open water. Thermodynamic processes can have opposing effects on ice age and volume; for instance, growth of new ice increases the volume while decreasing the age of the pack. Therefore, age data provides additional information useful for differentiating among process parameterization effects and sensitivities to other model parameters.Resolution of thicker ice types is crucial for proper modeling of sea ice volume, because the volume of ice in the thicker ice categories determines the total ice volume. Model thickness categories tend to focus resolution for thinner ice; this paper demonstrates that 5 ice thickness categories are not enough to accurately resolve the ice thickness distribution for simulations of ice volume. 相似文献
10.
Ayumi Fujisaki Hajime Yamaguchi Takenobu Toyota Akio Futatsudera Masaru Miyanaga 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(4):487-498
The air-ice drag coefficient under neutral stratification C
DN
was measured with the eddy correlation method in the southern Sea of Okhotsk. The disturbance of the wind field caused by
the ship’s structure was evaluated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and two types of correction methods were applied
to estimate the error span of C
DN
: one is based on the results of CFD, and the other is based on the parameterization of C
DN
over open water suggested by Taylor and Yelland (2001). The C
DN
× 103 values finally obtained ranged from 1.9 to 5.4 with a mean value of 2.7 by the CFD correction and from 1.5 to 5.0 with a
mean value of 3.1 by the other method. This is somewhat larger than the value of 2.5 suggested by Shirasawa (1981), and in
the same range as 2.2–4.0 over rough ice and 3.1–5.0 over very rough ice, values which were complied by Guest and Davidson
(1991) for first year ice. Most of the ice conditions were characterized by broken floes with a diameter less than 100 m and
raised rims, which made the surface rougher than flat, level ice. The relation between C
DN
and ice concentration was not clear, mainly because the contribution of the form drag caused at the freeboard was undetectable
due to the great variation of ice surface condition. The roughness length z
M
was also evaluated using the model developed for snow covered ice in a previous study. 相似文献
11.
Christiane Lancelot Gilles Billen Cornelis Veth Sylvie Becquevort Sylvie Mathot 《Marine Chemistry》1991,35(1-4)
An ecological model to calculate phytoplankton development and microbial loop dynamics in the marginal ice zone of the antarctic ecosystem has been established on the basis of physical and biological (phyto- and bacterioplankton biomass and activity and counting of two classes of heterotrophic nanoplankton) measurements carried out in the marginal ice zone of the Scotia-Weddell Sea sector of the Southern Ocean during sea ice retreat 1988 (EPOS 1 and 2 expeditions). Application of this model at latitudes where sea ice retreat occurs and in adjacent open sea and permanently ice-covered areas demonstrated that the marginal ice zone is a region of enhanced primary and bacterioplankton production. Combining the results of the phyto- and bacterioplankton models allowed the quantitative estimate of the carbon fluxes through the lower level of the planktonic food web of the Weddell Sea marginal ice zone during the sea ice retreat period. The resulting carbon budget revealed the quantitative importance of microbial and micrograzing processes in the pathways of net primary production, 71% of this latter being assimilated in the microbial food web. However, total net microbial food web secondary production contributed 28% of‘marginal ice zone produced’ food resources available to krill and other Zooplankton. 相似文献
12.
董昌明 LIM KAM SIAN Kenny Thiam Choy 蒋星亮 曹玉晗 嵇宇翔 王森 余洋 陆晓婕 周书逸 韦销蔚 BETHEL Brandon Justin 徐广珺 董济海 孙文金 王海丽 单海霞 王锦 王东霞 滕芳园 曹茜 谢文鸿 游志伟 王子韵 林连杰 《海洋科学进展》2022,40(4):660-683
海洋预报是进行海上活动的安全保障,海洋预报系统技术已经成为现代海洋气象业务的技术支撑。海洋观测、数据同化、数值模拟和高性能计算机等技术的进步极大地推动着海洋业务化预报的发展。采用大气数值模式（WRF）、海洋数值模式（CROCO）和海浪数值模式（SWAN）的多模式高分辨率离线耦合方式,添加南京信息工程大学“海洋数值模拟与观测实验室”团队自主研发的一系列海洋模式参数化方案,包括浪致混合参数化方案、亚中尺度参数化方案、海山诱导混合参数化方案以及涡旋诱导的沿等密度面和跨等密度面混合参数化方案,并通过同化技术和最新的人工智能技术与观测资料相结合,构建一种面向中国边缘海的风浪流多参数耦合预报系统,用于海上风电功率的预报和其他海洋灾害预警。实际观测资料的验证表明,该预报系统能较准确地模拟海上风场、海流、海温、波浪、潮汐等海洋气象要素。同时实现了按需实时可视化全景展示。 相似文献
13.
本文采用2003～2016年SSMI海冰密集度和NCEP气温、风场等数据,通过计算海冰覆盖率、增长期长度、冬季负积温和风拖曳力等参数,分析了巴伦支海海冰的变化特征及其与热力、动力影响因素之间的联系。结果显示,因西南部存在常年无冰区,巴伦支海14a平均的海冰覆盖率低于50%;覆盖率总体呈现下降趋势,冰情呈现"重—中等—轻"的变化过程,2012年后甚至出现夏季无冰的情况;增长期长度先增后减,起止时刻均有推迟;冬季负积温是影响巴伦支海冰情轻重的重要因素,与年平均海冰覆盖率距平和最大覆盖率的相关系数分别为-0.90和-0.89;风拖曳力的改变可在短期内引起海冰覆盖率急剧变化,是海冰边缘区产生流冰的主要原因,易对油气资源开发的海洋平台产生危害。 相似文献
14.
一种海冰热力过程参数化方案 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
由于海冰热力过程太复杂,难于精确计算冰面和水面热量收支方程中的每一项,并且净热量收支比每项小得多,因此难以确定海冰热力一动力模式中的净热通量。本文根据渤海的水文气象观测,详细分析了太阳短波辐射、长波辐射、云量、感热和潜热等对海冰热力增长函数的贡献,给出了一种海冰热力过程的参数化方案。并选取２个典型的个例进行了对比研究。模拟结果表明,该参数化方案能较好地模拟渤海海冰的热力过程。 相似文献
15.
一种冰-海洋模式的热力耦合方案 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
冰与海洋的热力耦合对冰与海洋环流的模拟有极其重要的影响,是冰-海洋相互作用的一个重要方面.对其精确确定需要详细考虑冰-海洋界面附近的湍流过程,这在长时期的模拟特别是气候模拟中,常受到技术条件的限制.过去的研究常常假设冰下海洋混合层的温度为冰点,特别是在单纯冰模式的模拟中,但考虑海冰漂移和冰点变化的效应时,这一假设是不精确的.因此,弱化冰下海洋混合层温度为冰点的约束,不考虑详细的冰-海洋界面和海洋混合层的湍流过程,根据冰-海洋耦合系统的能量收支关系,设计了一个简化的冰-海洋热力耦合方案.对该方案引起的海洋混合层适应、热力结构和海冰发展的影响进行了分析,并将其用于全球冰海洋耦合模式的数值试验,结果表明,在大气热力强迫下该耦合方案既可使冰区混合层海水温度向冰点适应,又使冰边缘带海水温度与冰点保持明显差异,能够较好地反映冰-海洋热力相互作用.利用该耦合方案构造的全球冰-海洋耦合模式模拟的海冰范围及季节变化与实际观测非常接近. 相似文献
16.
浮冰界面融化速率参数化方案的实验室研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
融冰季节时天然浮冰表面、底面和侧向融化共存,三者融化速率是底面大于侧向,侧向大于表面。而且浮冰尺寸越小,侧向速率占比越高。为了解决将小尺度浮冰块尺度指标计入融化参数化方案,在低温环境实验室无辐射、无流速、控制气温和水温条件下对天然海冰和人工冻结淡水冰的圆盘试样,开展了不同初始水温和不同初始直径的圆盘试样融化过程实验,获得了圆盘试样直径、厚度和质量融化过程。依据这些实验数据,构建试样直径厚度比这一新指标,通过物理分析和数学统计手段,建立了海冰和淡水冰试样表面、底面融化速率同温度梯度,侧向融化速率和温差以及直径厚度比的关系式。这些关系式能够应用于天然直径100 m范围内浮冰的融化参数化方案,期望能解决北冰洋海冰和入海口近岸淡水冰夏季融化季节能量和质量平衡数值模拟的需求。 相似文献
17.
海冰动力过程的改进离散元模型及在渤海的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海冰的断裂、重叠和堆积等离散分布特性广泛地存在于极区和副极区的不同海域,并对海冰的生消、运移过程有着重要影响。针对海冰在不同尺度下的离散分布特点,发展海冰动力过程的离散元方法有助于完善海冰数值模式,提高海冰数值模拟的计算精度。为此,本文针对海冰生消运移过程中的非连续分布和形变特性,发展了适用于海冰动力过程的改进离散元模型(MDEM)。不同于传统离散元方法,该模型将海冰离散为具有一定厚度、尺寸和密集度的圆盘单元。海冰单元设为诸多浮冰块的集合体,其在运移和相互接触碰撞过程中,依照质量守恒发生单元尺寸、密集度和厚度的相应变化。基于海冰离散性和流变性的特点,该模型采用黏弹性接触本构模型计算单元间的作用力,并依据Mohr-Coulomb准则计算海冰法向作用下的塑性变形及切向摩擦力。为验证该模型的可靠性,本文对海冰在规则水域内的运移和堆积过程进行了分析,离散元计算结果与解析值相一致;此外,对旋转风场下海冰漂移规律的模拟进一步验证了本文方法的精确性。在此基础上,对渤海辽东湾的海冰动力过程进行了48h数值分析,计算结果与卫星遥感资料和油气作业区的海冰现场监测数据吻合良好。在下一步工作中将考虑海冰离散元模拟中的热力因素影响,发展具有冻结、断裂效应的海冰离散元模型,更精确地模拟海冰动力-热力耦合作用下的生消和运移过程。 相似文献
18.
内尔斯海峡位于加拿大埃尔斯米尔岛与格陵兰岛之间,是北极海冰输出的重要通道之一,这些海冰融化后带来的表层淡水对巴芬湾、拉布拉多海的深层水形成具有重要影响。但由于该海峡较为狭窄,缺乏对此区域海冰运动情况的精细研究。本研究利用每日的哨兵1号影像提取了2016年9月至2017年8月的内尔斯海峡北部区域海冰运动信息,展示了海峡中浮冰的运动过程,并结合风速、海流速度等数据分析浮冰运动特征及影响因素。结果表明风和海流二者共同主导了海冰的运动过程,相关系数分别达到了0.767和0.709,由风速、海流速度、海冰密集度3个自变量与浮冰速度建立的多元线性回归模型复决定系数也达到了0.727。进一步分析发现,风和海流在速度相对稳定时对浮冰速度的影响都会减小。本研究关于风和海流等要素对海冰运动过程影响的研究结果,可以为海洋–大气动力学模型的研究提供参考。 相似文献
19.
海气动量通量研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海气界面动量通量也称为风应力,是海流和表面海浪的主要驱动力,是海洋从大气获得动量的重要途径。因此,合理可靠的海洋表面风应力的参数化对于海洋、大气和波浪以及气候模式的准确预报都具有非常重要的科学意义和实用价值。对风应力拖曳系数的参数化是风应力参数化的主要内容。近来的观测发现,风应力拖曳系数随着风速的增加出现了先增后减的趋势,同时还与海面的波浪状态以及海流有关。基于观测或理论分析,目前已经得到了一系列的风应力拖曳系数计算方法或公式,有的考虑了海浪的作用,有的没有,但这些方案大都是适合中低风速,在高风速下的适用性还有待检验。本文回顾了目前在海气动量通量观测和参数化方面的研究进展,并建议应增加高风速下风速、海流以及海浪等的同步观测,以进一步完善风应力参数化方案。 相似文献