共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 161 毫秒
1.
《地理学报》1944,(0)
The coasdine of our country from the gulf of Peichili southward is very regular in its general cutline, presenting an are with its convexity towards the Pacific Qcean There arc only two important exceptions: the Shantung Peninsula in the north, and the Lelchow Peninsula in the South. Each constitutes a partkular case in its own 相似文献
2.
HUAN YONG HU 《地理学报(英文版)》1935,(1)
The Province Anhwei lies between the two great rivers of Yangtse andHwaiho. Along the Yangtse there is a narrow strip of alluvial land where riceis its most important crop. To the north of Hwaiho it forms the southern part 相似文献
3.
HUAN YONG HU 《地理学报》1935,(1)
The Province Anhwei lies between the two great rivers of Yangtse andHwaiho. Along the Yangtse there is a narrow strip of alluvial land where riceis its most important crop. To the north of Hwaiho it forms the southern part 相似文献
4.
Observations of coastal aeolian dune movements at Feicuidao, on the Changli Gold Coast in Hebei Province 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
High-precision RTK GPS technology was used to survey the movements of typical coastal dunes, including a coastal crescent dune and a coastal transverse ridge, in the Feicuidao region of the Changli Gold Coast in Hebei Province in 2006–2008. Our data provide information on the direction, type, and velocity of coastal dune movements, and indicate that the coastal dunes in this region are characterized as slow and landward advancing, with to-and-fro fluctuations. The bottom of the studied coastal transverse ridge was stable during the observation period but the position of its crest advanced eastward (seaward) during summer and autumn, and moved landward (westward) in winter and spring. Thus, its crest moved generally landward (westward) but fluctuated to-and-fro eastward and westward. In contrast, the entire coastal crescent dune advanced landward (westward) in a to-and-fro manner, and the velocity of its movement was faster than that of the transverse ridge dune. These results are mainly related to the wind conditions in the research area, the height and volume of the two types of coastal dunes. 相似文献
5.
Salix gordejevii, a species of dune-fixing pioneer shrub in the Hunshandak Sandland in China, plays a vital role in maintenance and improvement of the local ecological environment. Salix gordejevii has an r-type reproductive countermeasure, which means it produces large quantities of seeds that have a high germination rate but relatively low seedling viability. Our research on the seed regeneration and sprouting regeneration characteristics of Salix gordejevii shows that its sprouting regeneration process is more productive and efficient than its seed regeneration process. At the same time, growth of Salix gordejevii would decline when the drifting sand dune was fixed. To assess its sprouting regeneration process, we analyzed the number, length, and diameter of new shoots under different cutting treatments, and found significant differences based on various cutting heights and different cutting times (April vs. October). We conclude that cutting measures which take advantage of this species’ robust sprout tillering can increase the biomass of this shrub and also can improve its canopy density and its forage properties for livestock grazing, with the added benefits of improved sand-fixing and prevention of wind erosion. 相似文献
6.
In a recent short communication,Miyashita et al.have commented on the weakness of the NIPALSalgorithm(equivalently the power method)for calculating the eigenvalues out of order.They offer adiagnostic to ascertain when this may have occurred and suggested a modification to the NIPALSalgorithm to avoid this situation.Further comments regarding the use of the power method andMiyashita's presentation of its weakness are warranted.The general inadequacies of methods fordecomposing a matrix with degenerate eigenvalues and their relationship to the orthogonal design ofexperiments are discussed. 相似文献
7.
The Stefan equation provides a useful and widely used method for predicting the depth of thawing and freezing in a soil where little site-specific information is available. The original Stefan equation was derived for only a homogeneous medium, and some algorithms have been developed for its use in a multilayered system. However, although the Stefan equation was derived more than 100 years ago, there is not a unified understanding for its use in a multilayered system. This paper examines the use of the Stefan equation in multilayered soil, based on comparing three algorithms(JL-algorithm, NM-algorithm, and XG-algorithm). We conclude that the JL and NM algorithms are incorrect, as they arose from flawed mathematical derivations. Both of these algorithms failed to recognize that the thawing depth in a multilayered soil is a piecewise function and not a continuous function of time. This work asserts that the XG-algorithm is a correct and rigorous method to determine the freezing–thawing fronts in multilayered soil. 相似文献
8.
The calculation and analysis of ecological footprints,diversity and development capacity of China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The ecological footprint of China’s provinces is calculated in this paper.In general,China’s development is not sustainable because its ecological footprint is beyond its bio-capacity.The sustainability status of each province in China is presented.Ulanowicz’s developmnt capacity formula was introduced to discuss th relation ship of development and ecological footprint’s diversity.The diversity of ecological impacts is related to the efficiency with which an economy uses the source and sink services of the environment and,in this efficiency with which an economy uses the source and sink services of the environment and ,in this view,should be a factor in economic output.Development capacity,calculated from the ecological footprint and its diversity,is used to examine the relationship o economic output with the structure of the ecological footprint.China and its provinces are presented as a case study to investigate this relationship.The analysis shows that footprint capacity is significant in prdicting economic output.Increasing the ecological footprint’s diversity is presented as another way to increase development capacity. 相似文献
9.
There is a lack of simple ways to predict the vegetation responses to the East Asian Monsoon(EAM) variability in China due to the complexity of the monsoon system. In this study, we found the variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH), which is one of the major components of the EAM, has a profound influence on the vegetation growth in China. When the WPSH is located more to the west of its climate average, the eastern and northwestern parts experience increased yearly-averaged normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) and gross primary productivity(GPP) by 0.3%–2.2%, and 0.2%–2.2%, respectively. In contrast, when the WPSH is located more to the east of its climate average, the above areas experience decreased yearly-averaged NDVI and GPP by 0.4% to 1.6%, and 1.3% to 4.5%, respectively. The WPSH serves as a major circulation index to predict the response of vegetation to monsoon. 相似文献
10.
The blocking or reversing effect of the downstream trunk river on its tributary lakes is an essential aspect of river-lake hydraulics.To measure how and the extent to which a trunk river can influence its tributary lakes,we made a case study in Changjiang River and one of its tributary lakes,Lake East Dongting(Lake ED)during a 35-year study period(1980–2014).Specifically,we investigated Lake ED’s discharge ability into Changjiang River using stage-discharge relationship curves,and hence the changes of the lake discharge ability under different hydrologic conditions of the Changjiang River.The results show that (1) the Changjiang River does exert a huge impact on the water regimes of Lake ED.And this impact varies seasonally.A variation of 3000in Changjiang River’s runoff would change the lake water level by about 1.1 min dry seasons,by 0.4 min wet seasons,and by 0.6 m during severe summer floods.(2)Changes in the Changjiang River runoff triggered by the Three Gorges Dam since 2003 have led to dramatic water regime variations in Lake ED.Other factors,including reduction of lake inflow and the lake bed erosion,also exacerbated the water regime variations in Lake ED. 相似文献
11.
Using the theory and method of the ecological footprint, and combining the changes of regional land use, resource environment, population, society and economy, this paper calculated the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological surplus/loss in 1986-2002 on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province. What is more, this paper has put forward the concept of ecological pressure index, set up ecological pressure index models, and ecological security grading systems, and the prediction models of different ecological footprints, ecological carrying capacity, ecological surplus and ecological safety change, and also has assessed the ecological footprint demands of 10,000 yuan GDP. The results of this study are as follows: (1) the ecological carrying capacity in northern Shaanxi shows a decreasing trend, the difference of reducing range is the fastest; (2) the ecological footprint appears an increasing trend; (3) ecological pressure index rose to 0.91 from 0.44 during 1986-2002 on the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi with an increase of 47%; and (4) the ecological security in the study area is in a critical state, and the ecological pressure index has been increasing rapidly. 相似文献
12.
陕西省生态安全及空间差异定量分析 总被引：73，自引：1，他引：72
利用生态足迹的理论与方法,提出了生态压力指数的概念,建立了生态压力指数测算模型和生态安全等级划分体系,以及不同地区生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余及生态安全度变化预测模型。据此对1986~2002年陕西省三大自然区 (陕北黄土高原、关中渭河盆地、陕南秦巴山区) 的生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余/亏损进行了测算和分析。研究结果：① 各地区生态承载力均呈减少趋势,减少幅度差异明显,陕北黄土高原最快,陕南秦巴山区最慢,关中渭河盆地居中;② 各地区生态足迹均呈现增加趋势,增加幅度大小不一,由小到大依次为陕北黄土高原、关中渭河盆地、陕南秦巴山区;③ 1986~2002年生态压力指数：陕北黄土高原从0.44增加到0.91,增加幅度0.47;关中渭河盆地从0.75增长为1.20,增长幅度为0.45;陕南秦巴山区从0.19增长为0.22,增长幅度为0.03。年平均压力指数关中渭河盆地最大,是陕南秦巴山区的5.37倍,是陕北黄土高原的1.30倍;④ 各区生态安全状况：陕南秦巴山区处安全状态;关中渭河盆地已严重超载,处于不安全状态;陕北黄土高原处于临界状态,压力指数增长最快。 相似文献
13.
生态建设15年黄土高原生态足迹时空变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作为典型生态脆弱区和重点土壤保持功能区,黄土高原自20世纪80年代以来进行了一系列重大生态工程建设,力图改善脆弱的生态环境。这些重点工程在短期内是否从根本上改善了其生态安全状况是亟待理解的一个科学问题。基于生态足迹思想与方法,定量分析了1995年、2000年和2010年三个阶段15年间黄土高原生态足迹和承载力的时空变化。结果表明：① 1995-2010年15年间黄土高原承载力小于生态足迹,总体上处于生态赤字状态。② 黄土高原人均承载力呈现明显的空间异质性,1995-2010年高值区在中北部,其他区域为低值区,由东向西递减;人均生态足迹自东南向西北递增。③ 生态压力指数从1995年的1.059上升到2000年1.165,增幅较小,2010年上升为2.181,高原整体上处于生态赤字状态。 相似文献
14.
基于生态压力指数的新疆生态安全时空动态分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过计算2000-2007年新疆各地州(市)的生态足迹和生物承载力,选取生态压力指数(EPI)构建区域生态安全评价模型,对不同地区的生态安全状况进行了评价并分析其时空动态变化。结果表明:①2000-2007年新疆各地州(市)人均生态足迹均呈增长趋势,而生物承载力总体上呈减少趋势。②西部大开发战略实施以来,新疆经历了由生态安全向生态不安全演变的过程;各地州(市)生态不安全程度逐年增加,且增加幅度不等。③新疆生态安全程度的空间分布呈现一定的规律性,北部地区＞中部地区＞东、西部地区＞天山北坡地区。 相似文献
15.
1960—2016年黄土高原干旱和热浪时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于1960—2016年黄土高原49个气象台站日最高气温和月降水数据,论文利用百分位高温阈值和标准化降水指标对黄土高原干旱和热浪时空变化特征进行了分析,识别并探讨了干旱和热浪同时发生事件的演变规律。结果表明：① 黄土高原热浪频次整体呈增加趋势,日高温热浪增加趋势最大,增速达到0.29次/a,1995年之后增加趋势更为明显,显著增加区域集中在山西东北部、青海省东部和甘肃中南部;② 1960—2016年黄土高原旱涝指数呈下降趋势,即表现为由涝转旱,20世纪90年代初为旱涝变化的转折点,年旱涝指数下降趋势显著区占整个研究区的62%,其中黄土高原沟壑区南部、陕北南部、山西南部、甘肃东部干旱趋势较为明显;③ 干旱和热浪同时发生事件总体呈现增加趋势,增速为0.66次/10 a,其中1960—1979年呈下降趋势,降速为-0.26次/a,1980—2002年呈增加趋势,2003年之后变化趋势较为平稳;空间上,山西东部、陕北南部和甘肃东南部发生频次较高,并且显著增加区主要位于山西东北部、甘肃中东部和宁夏北部。 相似文献
16.
甘肃民勤县面临的生态安全危机已经受到人们的普遍关注。以2010-2014年农户生计资产视角,借助生态足迹原理和生态压力指数的方法,对民勤县典型村的土地生态安全状况进行定量评估。结果表明：（1）将农户生计资产归纳为自然资产、物质资产、人力资产、金融资产和社会资产,在一定程度上反映了不同农户生计类型拥有不同的生计资产;（2）2010-2014年民勤县典型村不同生计类型的人均生态足迹和人均生态承载力变化明显,呈盈余状态;（3）2010-2014年民勤县典型村土地生态安全处于较安全状态。 相似文献
17.
基于水资源生态足迹模型，核算了甘肃全省及 14 个市（州）2003—2017 年的水资源生态足 迹和生态承载力，在此基础上计算出其生态盈亏和生态足迹强度，并对其时空变化特征进行分 析。结果表明：（1）2003—2017 年甘肃省水资源生态足迹远大于生态承载力，导致水资源处于生态 赤字状态，但水资源生态足迹总体上呈缓慢下降趋势，水资源生态承载力呈波动上升态势，生态赤 字的变化趋势与生态承载力基本一致，而水资源生态足迹强度呈逐年下降趋势，说明甘肃省水资 源利用效率不断提高，供需矛盾有所缓解；（2）生产用水尤其是农业用水是最大的足迹账户，且呈 下降趋势；生态用水足迹虽然占比很低，但呈快速增长态势，用水结构趋向合理；（3）水资源生态足 迹的区域差异明显，整体上呈现从西北向东南递减的分布趋势。水资源生态足迹强度的区域差异 也较大，但呈缩小的态势；（4）水资源生态承载力的区域差异也十分显著，其高水平区和较高水平 区空间分布相对稳定，呈现出向低值区发展的趋势；（5）水土资源匹配不合理，土地资源少而分散 的甘南高原和陇南山地水资源生态盈余较大，而土地资源丰富的河西地区水资源生态赤字严重。 相似文献
18.
基于生态足迹的天山北坡经济带生态承载力评价与预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态承载力是测度区域社会经济发展对资源与环境系统压力程度的重要标尺。基于生态足迹法,构建生态承载力的评价与预测模型,分别评价和预测了2010年与2015年天山北坡经济带的生态足迹和承载力。结果表明：2010年天山北坡经济带生态足迹组分以草地和能源用地为主,约占足迹总量的93%,人均生态承载力总体高于人均生态足迹;2015年生态承载状况仍然总体盈余。但随着人口快速增长以及人均消费能力提高,2015年人均生态承载力已经低于2010年水平,城镇化对未利用地的开发形成用地总量供给的增加可能是维持生态盈余的主要原因之一。经济发展与城镇化进程对区域可持续发展造成一定压力,需要对资源环境承载能力加强监测预警。 相似文献
19.
通过采用Mann-Kendall趋势分析法、小波分析方法、地统计插值等方法，基于黄土高原塬面保护区及临近的21个站点的逐日降水量数据，对区域内降雨侵蚀力的时空变化，趋势及主要影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：(1) 黄土塬面保护区1960—2017年多年平均降雨量为599.2 mm；多年平均降雨侵蚀力为1 871.91 MJ·mm·hm-2·h-1·a-1，降雨侵蚀力在过去60 a来呈微弱上升趋势且变化的季节差异显著。(2) 黄土高原塬面保护区降雨侵蚀力的空间分布大体呈由南部向两侧递减的趋势，Mann-Kendall Z值除研究区北部、东部呈下降趋势，其余区域都为上升趋势。(3) 黄土高原塬面保护区降雨侵蚀力多年存在32 a的大周期，在大周期内还存在13 a、52 a的小周期。(4) 影响北半球中高纬度地区的主要的大气环流因子中仅Cold & Warm Episodes by Season因子的波动对整个区域和陕西塬区的降雨侵蚀力有一定影响，二者存在一定的负相关性，其余环流指数与降雨侵蚀力没有显著的关联性；此外太阳黑子与陕西塬区降水侵蚀力变化规律存在一定的正相关，与其他塬区并无显著关联性。 相似文献
20.
可持续性可通过区域生态足迹水平进行衡量。采用净初级生产力构建了内蒙古各盟（市）草地资源的均衡因子和产量因子。以每5 a为一期,测算了内蒙古草地1990—2020年的生态足迹,并结合人口分布数据刻画了生态足迹的空间分布状况;在此基础上应用土地可持续模型评价了内蒙古草地资源的可持续性。结果表明：（1） 内蒙古各盟（市）草地的产量因子差异较大,整体呈东高西低的特点。（2） 生态承载力在空间上也呈东高西低特点,30 a人均生态承载力整体呈小幅度下降趋势。（3） 人均生态足迹逐期上升,2000—2005年由生态盈余转变为生态赤字。生态足迹较高的区域集中在通辽市、锡林浩特市、二连浩特市、乌兰察布市南部和鄂尔多斯市东部地区。（4） 内蒙古草地资源可持续性逐期下降,由1990年的中度可持续性退化为2020年的弱不可持续性。可持续性退化严重的区域集中在呼和浩特市、包头市和乌海市。研究结果旨在为内蒙古草地资源的可持续利用提供可靠的理论基础。 相似文献