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1.
本文通过对东湾金矿矿区的地质概况、矿床地质特征的分析研究，得出东湾金矿是岩浆热液形成的构造蚀变岩型金矿，成矿时代属燕山晚期，燕山期岩浆活动不仅提供强大的热动力条件，而且还从矿源层中携带大量的成矿物质，在构造有利部位，尤其是NNE向断裂构造部位沉淀富集成矿，总结出了找矿标志和预测了今后的找矿方向。 相似文献
2.
吉拉拜金矿位于新疆布尔津县北约40km处的哈巴河黑云母斜长花岗岩体内北西向断裂带中，研究表明该金矿为石英脉型金矿，稀土元素研究表明，矿化蚀变岩石与黑云母斜长花岗岩具有相似的变化特征，流体包裹体均一测温表明成矿温度为120－360℃，有两个峰值，一个峰值位于270－300℃范围，另一峰值位于150－230℃范围内，表明岩浆期后热液和断裂活动对城矿均起作用。含金脉石英的氢氧同位素组成研究表明，矿化早阶段，成矿热液中以变质热液及岩浆热液为主，随着矿化作用的后移，成矿溶液中自然会加入越来越多的大气降水，导致其氢氧同位素组成向大气降不线方向漂移。研究结果显示，哈巴河岩体为该金矿提供成矿物质，成矿流体是由哈巴河岩体的岩浆期后热液、动力变质热液及大气降水共同组成，北西向断裂带是这些成矿热液的运移通道。该北西向断裂带为逆冲压扭性质。该逆冲压扭断裂中的局部弱应力部位是成矿物质有利的沉淀富集场所。吉拉拜金矿床含金石英脉就是沿北西向逆冲压扭性断层中局部张拉部位产出。哈巴河岩体中产西向断裂带及其中的石英脉都很发育，具有很好的找矿前景。 相似文献
3.
本文分析研究了德化杨梅地区金矿成矿地质条件，矿床主要地质和地球化学特征以及矿床成因等。结果表明，德化杨梅地区是一个金的高背景地球化学场，为成矿提供了物质基础；金矿床，矿点明显地受ＮＥ、ＮＷ向断裂及其交叉复合部位控制；与成矿有关的侵入岩－次火山岩主要是燕山期的石英闪长岩，花岗闪长斑岩和花岗斑岩，金的矿化类型主要为含金石英脉型，含金石英－硫化物型及破碎蚀变岩型；区内金矿成因类型主要为次火山热液型和岩浆 相似文献
4.
东溪-南关岭金矿为北淮阳东段发现的第一个原生金矿,产于磨子潭-晓天中生代火山盆地边缘,容矿围岩为安山质-英安质火山岩,矿化和蚀变受桐柏-桐城深大断裂带的次级构造带控制。该金矿发育陡倾斜的脉状矿体和缓倾斜的似层状矿体,成因类型为冰长石-绢云母型浅成低温热液金矿。火山岩盆地之下的变质基底可能起到了初始矿源层作用,桐柏-桐城断裂带及其次级构造破碎带为重要的导岩导矿构造,早白垩世强烈的岩浆活动提供了热源、动力源和部分矿源。参照国内外类似金矿的特征,认为本区成矿地质条件良好,有可能隐伏着与石英正长岩体有关的细脉浸染型矿化,晓天火山盆地具有良好的找矿前景。 相似文献
5.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(5)
为了验证西南印度洋中脊50°E区域的残留熔融体与8~11 Ma前的岩浆供给活动的相关性,用有限元方法对洋壳模型进行热力学数值计算,以期解答超慢速洋中脊热液活动是由于古岩浆房长期持续供热,还是依赖周边热点提供持续的岩浆和热融熔问题.实验模拟了水平层状洋壳模型和地震试验得到的实际洋壳模型两种情况,对水平层状洋壳模型研究了上地幔有、无持续岩浆供给两种情况,对实际洋壳模型研究了一次岩浆供给的情况.结论如下:如果洋壳层底部没有持续热供应,岩浆房持续时间约为数千年或数万年;西南印度洋中脊中东段隆起区的热液活动和岩浆房最多持续存在0.8 Ma,现今热液活动的热源并不是8~11 Ma前的岩浆供给提供的. 相似文献
6.
本文对华北地台北缘的两个金矿区,河北迁西金厂峪金矿和内蒙敖汉鲁家提金矿矿区的岩石磁性、矿物特性、弹性波速度和放射性异常等特性作了研究和分析。对浅成热液金矿的地球物理特征可能用于探测这些的物探方法作了归纳。为今后在华北地台北缘用地球物理方法寻找大型隐伏矿体提供了依据。 相似文献
7.
新疆阔尔真阔腊金矿田成矿流体地球化学及其意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新疆阔尔真阔腊金矿田是萨吾尔金矿带中最重要的金矿田, 对矿田中阔尔真阔腊金矿床和布尔克斯岱金矿床的流体包裹体及矿物中氢、氧、氦、碳、硫、铅、锶等同位素的研究, 确定了这两个矿床成矿流体来源相同, 主要来自具壳幔混合性质的幔源流体, 少量来自壳源流体, 其中水以岩浆水为主, 有少量大气降水的加入, 矿化剂和成矿物质主要来自地幔, 混入有少量壳源物质. 结合矿床产出的构造环境和矿床地质研究结果, 文中提出这两矿床成因相同, 是火山晚期热液型金矿床的新认识. 相似文献
8.
洋中脊多金属硫化物已经成为人类重要的战略资源,科学的成矿模型是对其调查研究和勘探的重要依据.相较快速、慢速扩张洋中脊,超慢速扩张洋中脊在岩浆供给、构造和围岩等特征均存在明显差异,但目前对其热液循环及硫化物成矿模型缺乏系统梳理,制约了其资源勘探评价与研究的有效进程.本文系统总结了超慢速扩张西南印度洋中脊热液活动分布以及典型热液区的构造、热源、热液通道、围岩类型、流体性质和硫化物等特征,根据其成矿地质背景的差异性特点将该洋中脊赋存的热液系统分为局部强岩浆控制型、单向拆离/高角度大偏移距断层控制型以及双向拆离控制型三类,根据岩浆供给率(M值)的大小进一步将其划分为五种类型,从而建立了超慢速扩张西南印度洋中脊的局部强热供给-深大断裂控制硫化物成矿模型.超慢速扩张西南印度洋中脊扩张速率整体变化不大(14～18mm/a),岩浆供给呈分段不均匀性.通过近20年的调查研究,发现其发育类型多样的热液系统和硫化物.在岩浆供给充足的洋脊段,发育局部强岩浆供给条件下的深部岩浆房(4～9km).而在岩浆供给贫瘠的洋脊段,发育长期持续活动的深大拆离断层(可达13km),并沿拆离断层形成成矿带.因而超慢速扩张洋脊具... 相似文献
9.
扩张期洋中脊热液循环系统的热排出与岩浆系统的热注入共同控制着洋壳厚度的生成,而岩浆流体是热液循环系统的流体成分之一,往往与下渗海水混合参与各圈层能量和物质传递,但其能量传递对洋壳厚度的影响机制目前还不清楚.利用有限元的数值模拟手段,对扩张期热液循环系统中岩浆流体与洋壳厚度的关系进行研究.结果表明：(1)相较于只有海水参与的对流循环,含有岩浆流体的热液循环造成的洋壳厚度的减薄量更大、热液喷口温度更高.(2)岩浆流体对洋壳厚度的二次减薄作用随其含量的增大而减弱,热液喷口温度随其含量的增大而升高.(3)南海岩浆水、地幔水含量和洋壳厚度的分布具有非均质性,东部次海盆的地幔水、岩浆水含量高于西南次海盆,前者的平均洋壳厚度也大于后者,并且在海盆残余扩张脊附近存在异常薄洋壳.结合模型结果分析认为,残余扩张脊附近的薄洋壳可能受到扩张期热液循环或后期岩浆流体的影响,而东部、西南次海盆的洋壳厚度差异可能是由于前者的岩浆流体含量高于后者而造成的. 相似文献
10.
齐Ⅰ金矿产于中上石炭统海相基性火山喷发沉积岩中,典型中温热液矿床。成矿热液为Ｎａ＾＋－ＳＯ４＾２－－Ｃｌ＾－－ＨＣＯ３＾－型,主要来源于深部隐伏的花岗岩,部分来源于天水和变质水。矿质主要来源于花岗岩,部分来源来热液对火山喷发沉积岩特别是玄武岩的萃取。成矿温度２７０～２００℃。石英热释光特征是热液成矿活动分期和评价含矿性的重要标志。 相似文献
11.
A key question in volcanology is the driving mechanisms of resurgence at active, recently active, and ancient calderas. Valles caldera in New Mexico and Lake City caldera in Colorado are well-studied resurgent structures which provide three crucial clues for understanding the resurgence process. (1) Within the limits of 40Ar/39Ar dating techniques, resurgence and hydrothermal alteration at both calderas occurred very quickly after the caldera-forming eruptions (tens of thousands of years or less). (2) Immediately before and during resurgence, dacite magma was intruded and/or erupted into each system; this magma is chemically distinct from rhyolite magma which was resident in each system. (3) At least 1?km of structural uplift occurred along regional and subsidence faults which were closely associated with shallow intrusions or lava domes of dacite magma. These observations demonstrate that resurgence at these two volcanoes is temporally linked to caldera subsidence, with the upward migration of dacite magma as the driver of resurgence. Recharge of dacite magma occurs as a response to loss of lithostatic load during the caldera-forming eruption. Flow of dacite into the shallow magmatic system is facilitated by regional fault systems which provide pathways for magma ascent. Once the dacite enters the system, it is able to heat, remobilize, and mingle with residual crystal-rich rhyolite remaining in the shallow magma chamber. Dacite and remobilized rhyolite rise buoyantly to form laccoliths by lifting the chamber roof and producing surface resurgent uplift. The resurgent deformation caused by magma ascent fractures the chamber roof, increasing its structural permeability and allowing both rhyolite and dacite magmas to intrude and/or erupt together. This sequence of events also promotes the development of magmatic–hydrothermal systems and ore deposits. Injection of dacite magma into the shallow rhyolite magma chamber provides a source of heat and magmatic volatiles, while resurgent deformation and fracturing increase the permeability of the system. These changes allow magmatic volatiles to rise and meteoric fluids to percolate downward, favouring the development of hydrothermal convection cells which are driven by hot magma. The end result is a vigorous hydrothermal system which is driven by magma recharge. 相似文献
12.
A. V. Ermakov 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2008,2(4):248-261
Supposing a leading role of free heat convection in the hydrothermal system above the magma chamber, a model of the hydrothermal system of the Akademii Nauk caldera in Kamchatka is suggested. The model is based on available geological, hydrogeological and geothermal data for the area. Three possible variants of the model are discussed. Based on temperature distribution data, the variant best corresponding to the natural conditions has been chosen. The period of hydrothermal system stabilization for all the variants is close to 7000–8000 years. 相似文献
13.
The Phlegraean Fields caldera is an active volcanic system where episodes of ground deformation are accompanied by significant changes in geochemical and geophysical parameters monitored at the surface. These changes derive from a complex interaction between magmatic system and hydrothermal fluid circulation. We calculate the gravity changes associated with the variable density of hydrothermal fluids. We simulate the multi-phase and multi-component fluid circulation triggered by a pulsating magma degassing, periodically increasing the discharge of CO2-enriched fluids into the shallow hydrothermal system. The simulated evolution of the hydrothermal system successfully reproduces the observed composition of gas discharged at the surface. At the same time, results indicate that changes in average fluid density generate a detectable gravity signal that is of the same order of magnitude of the observed changes. This contribution to gravity changes can explain the peculiar behavior of gravity data collected at Solfatara, where surface hydrothermal phenomena are present. Simultaneous fitting of two independent sets of monitoring data (gas composition and gravity changes) confirms the conceptual model proposed for the hydrothermal system at Solfatara, and it provides new insights for the interpretation of gravity data. 相似文献
14.
S. A. Fedotov V. M. Sugrobov I. S. Utkin L. I. Utkina 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2007,1(1):28-41
The results of geological and geophysical studies, including recent ones, which make it possible to verify the existence of a liquid magma chamber below the Avachinsky volcano on Kamchatka, and to estimate the chamber depth and approximate dimensions, are analyzed. The heat stored in the host rock heated by the volcanic magma chamber from the time of chamber origination to the present is estimated, taking variable chamber dimensions during the process of evolution into account. The geological-geophysical prerequisites for using the thermal energy of the heated rock which surrounds the magma chamber to supply heat and power to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii are analyzed. The creation of an underground geothermal circulation system (fracture heat exchanger) using deep boreholes is proposed. 相似文献
15.
N. S. Zhatnuev S. N. Rychagov V. I. Vasil’ev E. V. Vasil’eva 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2012,6(3):184-196
Based on a comprehensive study of hydrothermal magmatic systems at island arcs and a review of available mechanisms that cause elasto-plastic deformation in rocks, we considered the conditions for interaction between a convective magmatic cell and a convective hydrothermal cell in different rheologic zones of the crust. Three models have been developed to describe the generation of hydrothermal circulation systems: (1) the magma chamber is localized in a plastic zone, (2) partial and (3) complete penetration of the chamber into a brittle crust. It is shown that the last of these models is highly consistent with the structure of presentday high-temperature hydrothermal magmatic systems at depths greater than 1.0?C1.5 km and with the structure of Miocene to Pliocene ore-bearing volcano-plutonic complexes that are eroded to different depths in different geologic blocks within these complexes. 相似文献
16.
G. W. Grindley 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1966,29(1):573-574
Wairakei hydrothermal field is underlain by an acid volcanic sequence consisting of the following units: Recent pumice cover, Wairakei Breccia, Huka Falls Formation, Haparangi Rhyolite, Waiora Formation, Waiora Valley Andesite, Wairakei Ignimbrites, Ohakuri Group. The stratified volcanic sequence is draped over a basement horst and thickens eastward and westward into adjoining volcanotectonic depressions. These major depressions have grown progressively during the Quaternary by differential subsidence along active faults and were not the direct result of collapse following major ignimbrite and rhyolite eruptions. The bulk of the steam production is obtained from a thick aquifer of pumice breccias (Waiora aquifer), which is capped by lacustrine shales of the Huka Falls Formation. The best production is obtained from fault zones intersecting the lower part of this aquifer. The Ohakuri Group, underlying the Wairakei Ignimbrites, constitutes a lower, pumice breccia aquifer, not yet directly exploited by drill-holes. Hydrothermal water at 265°C is fed from the lower to the upper aquifer through linear fissures in the Wairakei Ignimbrites, principally at the cress of a small structural dome. These fissures are related to active, north-east striking, normal faults, having a small dextral transcurrent component. Major zones of heat liberation have been localised at the intersection of secondary, north-west cross faults. Fossil, hydrothermal, mud-flow, conglomerates intercalated in the mid-Pleistocene Huka Falls Formation, suggest that hydrothermal activity at Wairakei is at least 500,000 years old. Isopachs on the early Pleistocene Waiora Valley Andesite indicate that the andesite plug and associated flows were crupted at the same fault intersections, now controlling heat flow into the Waiora aquifer. The inferred great age of the hydrothermal system poses problems in maintaining heat flow, and a model of a large, semi-permanent granitic batholith leaking super-critical hydrothermal fluids up active fault zones to heat near-surface aquifers of meteoric water is proposed. Temperature and pressure equilibria of such a magma body may be maintained by gaseous diffusion. Structural and heat flow evidence suggest that the most probable location of the magma body is to the south of the hydrothermal field below a large, late Pleistocene, rhyolitic eruptive centre. Other hydrothermal fields in the Taupo Volcanic Zone — Orakeikorako, Waiotapu and Kawerau — have similar geological sequences and structures to Wairakei. Important features in common include:
- 1)Proximity to a late Pleistocene, rhyolitic eruptive centre typified by ignimbrites, non-welded ash flows and rhyolite domes and sills, which is considered to directly overlie a large, semipermanent magma chamber. 相似文献
17.
沉积盆地岩浆侵入的热模拟 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
沉积盆地中岩浆的侵入会导致盆地地温史的变化，影响烃类成熟度，本文对沉积盆地中岩浆侵入过程进行了热模拟，分析了岩浆侵入对沉积盆地温度结构和成油窗的影响，在计算中，既考虑了岩浆凝固过程释放的潜热，又考虑了岩石比热，热导率随温度的变化对热模拟结果的影响，通过计算认识到：沉积盆地中侵入岩浆在垂直方向上的热扩散比水平方向热扩散更快，几公里大小的侵入体其热影响可以在时间上持续数百万年，在空间上扩散至十数公里， 相似文献
18.
An analytical solution is derived for the size reduction of a spherical magma chamber cooling by conduction. The use of moving boundary conditions and the constraint of a spherical symmetry allow one to ignore the details of the heat redistribution processes which take place within the magma chamber. The dependence of the solution on the initial conditions is investigated. A simple solution is found for short time, which is shown to be valid for times long enough to make it useful in the volcanological context. Moreover, the general solution confirms that the hydrothermal contribution to heat transfer in Phlegraean Fields cannot be extremely important. 相似文献
19.
Twenty-four heat flow measurements are clustered in 5–20 m.y. and 60–80 m.y. old seafloor on the crest and northern flank of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. The crestal heat flow stations are characterized by (1) low mean heat flow relative to that predicted by theoretical models, (2) thin sediment cover, and (3) high ratio of standard deviation to mean heat flow, all of which indicate a system dominated by convective heat transfer. The measurements made on older seafloor of the northern flank have (1) mean heat flow equal to the theoretical predictions of conductively-cooling lithospheric plate models, (2) thick sediment cover, and (3) low ratio of standard deviation to mean heat flow. Thus convective loss associated with hydrothermal circulation is not considered to be important in 60–80 m.y. old seafloor on the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. The pattern of heat flow on this ridge is thus similar to that in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans: hydrothermal circulation is dominant on the ridge crest but is suppressed on the flanks, possibly due to a difference in the hydraulic admittance of the sediment between the two regions. 相似文献
20.
Andrea Cannata Iole Serena Diliberto Salvatore Alparone Salvatore Gambino Stefano Gresta Marcello Liotta Paolo Madonia Vincenzo Milluzzo Marco Aliotta Placido Montalto 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2012,169(1-2):167-182
Seismic activity, ground deformation, and soil and fumarole temperatures acquired during 2004–2007 at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands) are analysed and the time relations among the different time series are discussed. Changes in temperature of fumarolic gases took place during four “anomalous” periods (November 2004–March 2005; October 2005–February 2006; August–October 2006; July–December 2007) at the same time as an increasing number of volcano-seismic events. In particular, the temperatures at high temperature vents and at steam heated soil ranged in time from 180 to 440°C and from 20 to 90°C, respectively. The maximum daily number of volcano-seismic events was 57, reached during the second anomalous period. This seismicity, characterised by focal depth generally lower than 1?km below sea level (b.s.l.) and composed of different kinds of events associated to both resonance and shear failure processes, is related to the shallow dynamics of the hydrothermal system. During the analysed period, very few volcano-tectonic earthquakes took place and tilt recordings showed no sharp or important changes. In light of such observations, the increases in both temperature and volcano-seismic events number were associated to increases in the release of gas from a deep and stable magma body, without magma intrusions within the shallow hydrothermal system. Indeed, a greater release of gas from depth leads to increased fluid circulation, that can promote increases in volcano-seismic events number by both fracturing processes and resonance and vibration in cracks and conduits. The different trends observed in the measured geochemical and geophysical series during the anomalous periods can be due to either time changes in the medium permeability or a changing speed of gas release from a deep magma body. Finally, all the observed variations, together with the changing temporal distribution of the different seismic event kinds, suggest that the hydrothermal system at Vulcano can be considered unsteady and dynamic. 相似文献