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潮汐河口泥沙运动复杂多变, 科学划分泥沙运动形式并评估其对航道淤积的影响, 是厘清航道淤积泥沙来源、制定有效减淤措施的关键。基于长江口深水航道所处南港—北槽河段2015年和2018年洪季、枯季表层沉积物和近底悬沙的现场采样数据, 分析提出潮汐条件下推移质、悬移质和时推时悬泥沙3类泥沙运动形式的粒径划分方法, 量化3类泥沙对深水航道淤积的贡献比例。结果表明: 近底悬沙级配曲线上拐点粒径对泥沙由推移质向悬移质转化具有较好的指示意义; 长江口南港—北槽悬沙、底沙交换显著, 深水航道淤积物中除仅做推移质或悬移质运动的泥沙外, 还包括大量的时推时悬泥沙, 其在航道淤积泥沙中的占比最高, 约达50%~60%;南港段航道洪季、枯季推移质淤积占比分别为36%和26%, 高于悬移质的6%和13%;北槽段航道悬移质落淤泥沙占比为44%~48%, 明显较推移质3%~6%的占比高。3类泥沙运动形式粒径划分方法为深化潮汐河口泥沙运动规律认识、判别航道淤积泥沙来源提供了新途径。 相似文献
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沙坝是波浪作用下砂质海岸地貌的主要表现形态之一,对于海滩的动力稳定状态具有重要的指示意义。从沙坝的形态参数、沙坝形成理论、沙坝迁移的动力机制以及数值模拟方法等方面概述了水下沙坝横向迁移的研究进展和存在的不足。虽然国内外学者对沙坝横向迁移进行了大量研究,然而由于海滩复杂的动力过程以及沙坝迁移与泥沙输运之间的耦合作用,目前仍存在许多问题尚待解决,未来进一步研究的方向主要包括沙坝迁移过程的空间差异、沙坝迁移的临界条件、波浪破碎对近底泥沙运动和沙坝迁移的影响、数学模型的改进以及沙坝迁移与泥沙输运的耦合机制等方面。 相似文献
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粒度分析理论技术进展及其应用 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
粒度分析在区分沉积环境、判定物质输运方式、判别水动力条件和分析粒径趋势等方面具有重要作用。本文主要介绍粒径测试技术方法及其新进展,包括传统的直接测量法、筛析法、沉降法和以计算机为依托的激光粒度测试仪法;评述沉积物分类命名方法理论及其在区分沉积环境、判定物质输运方式和判别水动力条件等方面的应用,以及粒度分析在研究海洋环境中沉积物输运方向、即粒径趋势分析方面的重要作用。随着计算机技术的快速发展,粒度分析测试技术正朝向自动化和测试内容多样化方向发展,其在实践中的应用也将更加广泛。 相似文献
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本文较系统地总结了在长江干流上开展近底悬沙测验的经验,对所研制、使用的三种近底悬沙采样器的结构特点作了简要介绍;对如何作好仪器设计提出了一些看法;对仪器操作使用中应注意的问题和测验成果的合理性检查作了具体说明;最后,还就开展近底悬沙测验的目的,如何合理地进行测验布置以及测验成果的计算整理方法作了较详细的论述。 相似文献
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海底、海岸和沙漠沙丘的迁移与其波高、波长等形态参数有关。对一些代表性大型沙丘的分析表明,海底、海岸和沙漠沙丘的形态特征存在着较大的差异,在相同波长条件下,海底沙丘波高最小,海岸沙丘波高次之,沙漠沙丘波高最大。其原因主要是流体厚度的差异,其次是物质供给条件的不同:浅海地区的水深限制了沙丘向上生长,而陆地气流厚度较大,给沙丘的向上生长提供了较大的空间;沙漠环境的沉积物供给远大于海岸环境,因而导致沙丘高度的差异。沙丘形态参数经常偏离统计的波长 波高曲线,数值实验结果显示,这与推移质输运率有关。推移质输运率的沿程变化可以使形态参数系统性地偏离波长 波高曲线;推移质输运率的沿程突变可使沙丘迁移受阻,造成沉积物的垂向堆积,形成超高的沙丘。由于大型沙丘的迁移特征受控于推移质输运率和沙丘高度,因此可以通过波高设计来计算迁移距离 历时曲线,进而控制沙丘迁移动态。文中给出了一个获取迁移距离 历时曲线的算例。设计波高可通过人工篱笆、隔挡墙、沟渠、表面护层等措施而实现。 相似文献
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长江口细颗粒沉积物的粘土矿物及地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
概况 粘土矿物是细粒沉积物中最主要的矿物组成。据长江口泥沙分析资料,在河口地区无论是悬沙或底沙,粒经均以<0.032毫米的颗粒为主,在悬沙中竟占90%以上,底沙中约占75%。因此,研究长江口沉积物的沉积作用、泥沙扩散及航道回淤等项目时,均须以细颗粒沉积物为主要对象。 相似文献
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内孤立波悬浮海底沉积物研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
内孤立波是存在于层结海洋内部的非线性、大振幅波动,其强劲的垂向和水平运动以及破碎导致的涡旋和湍流作用,对海洋环境、海底沉积物和海洋工程产生重要的影响。围绕内孤立波作用下沉积物再悬浮的发生过程,对前人开展的大量研究工作及取得的研究成果进行了系统分析与总结,从内孤立波向岸传播的破碎机制、悬浮沉积物模式以及引起的海床动力响应进行评述,并分析内孤立波悬浮沉积物判定理论和对海底的作用,对目前研究工作中尚未解决的问题进行总结。该工作对于系统深入认识内孤立波引起的海底沉积物再悬浮发生过程,以及对海底底形的改造能力具有重要价值,为进一步研究内孤立波对海洋生态环境动力过程及深海沉积过程提供借鉴。 相似文献
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波浪在斜坡沙质海床上破碎会加剧泥沙输移导致海床形态变化,研究破碎波作用下沙质海床形态变化机制对于岸滩演变分析极为重要。在波浪水槽中采用中值粒径0.47 mm原型沙铺设1∶20坡度的底床模型进行试验研究,测量不同波浪条件下床面形态和沙坝顶端悬浮泥沙浓度变化。通过测量和计算破碎带输沙率、沙坝尺度和沙坝移动速度,分析破碎波作用下沙质斜坡海床上床面形态变化规律。试验结果表明,破碎带沙坝顶端的悬浮泥沙浓度与水深和底部床面密切相关,在形成沙坝和沙坝水平方向移动时,悬浮泥沙浓度较大;斜坡上沙坝前后来回运动的周期大小具有随机性,沙坝既有向岸又有离岸移动;在多组波长时间作用后沙坝尺度趋于稳定,底床净输沙量趋于0。 相似文献
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Wen−Cheng Liu 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(4):535-546
Settling velocities of suspended cohesive sediment in estuaries vary over a range of several orders in magnitude. Variations in the suspended sediment concentration are often considered as the principal cause. Turbulence and the suspended sediment concentration, as well as other factors such as salinity, dissolved organic substances, flocculation ability, and the rate of floc growth affect setting velocities. A laterally–averaged finite difference model for hydrodynamics and cohesive sediment transport is developed and applied in the Tanshui River estuary, Taiwan. The model has been calibrated and verified with water surface elevation, longitudinal velocity, salinity, and cohesive sediment measured. The overall performance of the model is in qualitative agreement with the available data. The model is used to investigate the influence of settling velocity on cohesive sediment transport dynamics. The simulation indicates that the turbidity maximum zone is near Kuan–Du. When settling velocities increase the surface cohesive sediment concentration at Kuan–Du station trends to decrease and bottom cohesive sediment concentration increases. Both surface and bottom cohesive sediment concentrations decrease at Taipei Bridge and Pa–Ling Bridge. This implies that suspended sediment advected seaward and deposited. There is consequently a net seaward flux of suspended sediment near surface, and a net landward flux near the bed. 相似文献
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In this study, non-equilibrium transport of suspended sediment from one equilibrium state to another is investigated. Based on a convective-diffusion equation, a numerical model for flow with suspended sediment is developed by considering the effect of concentration-dependent settling velocity. The numerical model is validated by comparing analytical solutions and experimental results. The concentration profiles, mean concentrations and distance necessary to reach a new equilibrium state are examined by comparing them with the results of constant settling velocity. For a high concentration flow, the results indicate that evident differences between the above three indicators can be determined with and without concentration-dependent settling velocity. Additionally, the effects of concentration-dependent settling velocity are sensitive to the sediment mobility parameter (or Rouse number), although they are nearly independent of the diffusion Reynolds number. 相似文献
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三峡工程运行后,长江中游荆江河段含沙量大幅度降低,次饱和水流冲刷河床使含沙量在沿程逐渐恢复,但其恢复特点由于沿程床沙组成差异而有所不同。本文基于Markov随机过程及泥沙起动理论,推导非均匀悬沙的泥沙落距表达式;结合悬移质扩散理论,修正非均匀悬沙恢复饱和系数公式。在此基础上,基于荆江河段实测输沙过程,提出考虑床沙组成影响的分组悬沙恢复饱和系数计算方法;该方法主要与泥沙粒径、悬浮指标、床沙组成及止滚概率、止悬概率等因素有关,无需考虑非饱和调整系数的影响。计算结果表明:①不考虑床沙组成时,沙市、监利站恢复饱和系数计算值均在区间0.12~0.27内变化,而考虑床沙组成时分别为0.000 3~0.171 8和0.003 5~0.157 9。②不考虑床沙组成时,分组悬沙恢复饱和系数计算值细沙>中沙>粗沙;考虑床沙组成时细沙 < 中沙 < 粗沙;除落水期外,沙市站粗沙的恢复速度均大于监利站。③沙市、监利站恢复饱和系数在各计算时段的变化过程对悬沙分组具有敏感性,其中洪水期恢复饱和系数大于枯水期、涨水期和落水期。采用河床变形方程反算分组悬沙恢复饱和系数,并与本文计算结果进行对比;通过比较分析,本文公式能够用于描述荆江河段分组悬沙恢复特性,可为三峡工程下游非均匀悬沙沿程恢复过程研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Modeling Sediment Suspensions in an Idealized Tidal Embayment: Importance of Tidal Asymmetry and Settling Lag 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Suspended sediment transport processes in a short tidal embayment with a simple geometry are investigated using analytic and
numerical models. On the basis of numerical results, the horizontal gradient of depth-averaged suspended sediment concentration
can be parameterized with a combination of the first harmonic and mean. Using the parameterization, the solution of the analytic
model is obtained. Evaluation of the major terms from the solution of the analytic model shows that a quarter-diurnal frequency
is significant near the mouth while a semidiurnal component dominates the interior area. The settling lag consists of local
and nonlocal components. The local phase lag is a function of the ratio between tidal period and settling time. The nonlocal
phase lag is determined by the phase difference between tidal velocity and the horizontal gradient of sediment concentration
and by the strength of erosion and horizontal advection. 相似文献
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Internal Solitary Waves (ISWs) are nonlinear, large amplitude motions of the interface between two fluids with different densities in the stratified ocean. Because of their strong vertical and horizontal current velocity, and the vortex, turbulent mixing caused by breaking, they affect marine environment, seabed sediment and man-made structures in the ocean. In the paper, we systematically analyzed and summarized the ISW-induced shoaling break mechanisms, models of suspension, and seabed dynamical response. Then, we discussed the ISW-induced sediment resuspension criteria, forming bottom and intermediate nepheloid layer and the capacity to suspend sediments in the seabed, and further put forward the unsolved problems based on the conducted work and related achievements. In shallow seas with complex terrain variations, shoaling can cause ISWs to deform, break, and split. Studies on the propagation of ISWs of depression over sloping topography have shown that an adverse pressure gradient causes the rotation of the flow separation, which produces vortices, and this results in global instability of the boundary layer and ISW burst. The separation vortices increase the bottom shear stress, vertical velocity, and near-bottom Reynolds stress, which leads to sediment resuspension and transport in the flow and vortex core. Although episodic, ISW-induced resuspension is hypothesized to be important enough to shape the topography. Shoaling ISWs may erode, resuspend and transport mud-like sediments, first towards shore by boluses, and subsequently offshore through the generation of intermediate nepheloid layers. Shoaling ISWs might be an important mechanism of muddy sediment dispersal along continental shelves. Furthermore, recent hypotheses suggest that sediment mobilization and transport caused by internal waves in general, and ISWs in particular, may be at the origin of some sedimentary structures found in the sedimentary rock record and also the hummocky-cross stratification. Observed on-shelf propagating frontal ISW most likely interacts with the sand waves, sediment waves or sand dunes. ISWs contribute to their generation, as they are trailed by considerable shear-induced turbulence and high-frequency internal waves close to the buoyancy frequency. This work is of great value for further understanding the process of ISW-induced sediment resuspension, transportation, and the capacity to suspend sediments in the seabed. It helps further study of the dynamic process of marine ecological environment dynamic process by ISW and the deep sea sedimentation process. 相似文献
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Sediment trend models fail to reproduce small-scale sediment transport patterns on an intertidal beach 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
GERHARD MASSELINK DANIEL BUSCOMBE MARTIN AUSTIN† TIM O'HARE† PAUL RUSSELL† 《Sedimentology》2008,55(3):667-687
A rigorous test is presented of the application of sediment trend models to an intertidal beach environment characterized by bar morphology. Sediment samples were collected during low tide from a regular grid and their sediment fall velocity distributions, obtained using a settling tube, were analysed using moment analysis. The net sediment transport direction determined from beach surveys, hydrodynamic measurements, wave ripple observations and sediment transport modelling was compared with predictions by sediment trend models based on the spatial distribution of sediment parameters. It was found that the sediment transport pathways and patterns of sedimentation predicted using sediment trend models were at odds with field observations, and varied significantly depending on whether surface or sub‐surface sediment samples were used. The sediment trend models are thought to fail because, in energetic and morphologically variable beach environments, spatial patterns in sediment characteristics are mainly attributed to the presence of different hydrodynamic regions and associated morphology, rather than sediment pathways. The use of sediment trend models cannot replace the collection of morphological, hydrodynamic and sediment transport data in the field to define relationships between flows, forms and sedimentation patterns on a dynamic intertidal beach. 相似文献
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波致瞬态液化渗流导致海床内细粒沉积物向海水中运移,这一过程对海底沉积物再悬浮的贡献率不容忽视,但是贡献率的准确估计和预测比较困难。本研究将黄河水下三角洲的观测数据(包括水深、有效波高、有效波周期、实验舱内悬沙浓度、实验舱外悬沙浓度)作为模型输入数据集,基于长短时记忆循环神经网络建立了瞬态液化对再悬浮贡献率的深度学习预测模型。为了客观评价模型的性能,以平均绝对百分比误差、均方根误差和平均平方误差-标准偏差为评判标准,将该深度学习模型与其他预测模型(支持向量回归模型、人工神经网络)的预测结果进行了比较。结果表明,基于长短时记忆循环神经网络的深度学习模型对3.5d以内的瞬态泵送再悬浮贡献率预测误差最小,其平均绝对百分比误差、均方根误差和平均平方误差-标准偏差分别为5.87%、1.6730、0.1574。因此,该模型可以有效地减少机器学习方法在连续预测中产生的误差叠加问题。 相似文献
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Gabriel M. Guerra Souleymane Zio Jose J. Camata Jonas Dias Renato N. Elias Marta Mattoso Paulo L. B. Paraizo Alvaro L. G. A. Coutinho Fernando A. Rochinha 《Computational Geosciences》2016,20(1):265-281
Numerical models can help to push forward the knowledge about complex dynamic physical systems. Modern approaches employ detailed mathematical models, taking into consideration inherent uncertainties on input parameters (phenomenological parameters or boundary and initial conditions, among others). Particle-laden flows are complex physical systems found in nature, generated due to the (possible small) spatial variation on the fluid density promoted by the carried particles. They are one of the main mechanisms responsible for the deposition of sediments on the seabed. A detailed understanding of particle-laden flows, often referred to as turbidity currents, helps geologists to understand the mechanisms that give rise to reservoirs, strategic in oil exploration. Uncertainty quantification (UQ) provides a rational framework to assist in this task, by combining sophisticated computational models with a probabilistic perspective in order to deepen the knowledge about the physics of the problem and to access the reliability of the results obtained with numerical simulations. This work presents a stochastic analysis of sediment deposition resulting from a turbidity current considering uncertainties on the initial sediment concentrations and particles settling velocities. The statistical moments of the deposition mapping, like other important features of the currents, are approximated by a Sparse Grid Stochastic Collocation method that employ a parallel flow solver for the solution of the deterministic problems associated to the grid points. The whole procedure is supported and steered by a scientific workflow management engine designed for high performance computer applications. 相似文献
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This paper examines the transport of calcareous sand in unidirectional flow and its prediction through existing sediment transport models. A flume experiment of four sand samples collected on Oahu, Hawaii, provides 29 sets of sediment transport data in the bed-form and suspended transport stages. The measured transport data are compared with direct predictions from four energy-based transport models developed for siliceous particles. Corrections for the grain-size, fall velocity, and critical velocity of calcareous sand based on recent research are applied to the models and the results are compared with the direct calculations and measured data. The comparison illustrates the important role particle shape plays in the transport of calcareous sand. All four sediment transport models give consistent predictions and good agreement with the majority of the measured data. Two of the models respond positively to the corrections in both the bed-form and suspended transport stages indicating that such an approach may provide an interim solution for the transport of calcareous sand. 相似文献