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在构建现代地球模型时,地球内部分层结构主要是根据地震波资料确定的;而地球内部密度及弹性参数,特别是地幔以下大尺度结构的密度分布,则主要是根据地球自由振荡的弹性简正模观测资料确定的.本文概述了地球自由振荡简正模本征值的求解理论和方法,介绍了球型和环型模态位移场表达式,讨论了地球自由振荡模态的衰减、分裂与耦合效应;总结了多线态分裂谱线探测和分裂参数估计的方法,综述了利用弹性简正模开展地震矩张量、地球三维非均匀性结构和内核超速旋转约束与反演研究的主要进展和存在的问题.最后作为展望,本文还讨论了地球自由振荡简正模的未来研究趋势. 相似文献
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2012年发生的苏门答腊大地震激起了强烈的环形地球自由振荡,本文利用南极26个地震台站记录的此次大地震激发的0T10简正模,分析南极上地幔结构异常对长周期自由振荡的影响,我们将震后20 h的自由振荡观测数据与利用PREM地球模型模拟的结果进行比较,结果表明：在震后较短时间内区域性（区域的范围远远小于简正模的波长）上地幔结构异常能显著影响长周期自由振荡质点的偏振,引起简正模强烈的偏振异常.以往研究主要关注地球自转和全球范围的上地幔结构异常对长周期自由振荡简正模的影响,局部范围的上地幔结构异常对长周期自由振荡的影响并未被重视.对南极地区0T10垂向偏振异常的进一步分析表明：南极大陆上地幔存在方位各向异性,上地幔各向异性主要分布在横贯南极山脉下方,深度范围约为70~660 km.利用震后较短时间内的长周期地球自由振荡观测资料可以对局部区域上地幔的各向异性及其深度范围提供约束,可作为剪切波分裂和面波层析成像技术的补充. 相似文献
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Study of azimuthal anisotropy in the transition zone of the Earth's upper mantle with the coupling of normal modes 
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下载免费PDF全文 地震方位各向异性广泛存在于地球上地幔中,目前利用地震体波或面波分析研究上地幔各向异性的地球物理方法有很多种,但是由于各自的局限性均难以分析上地幔过渡区中的各向异性特征.方位各向异性可导致球形简正模和环形简正模之间发生耦合.地球长周期自由振荡的简正模可深入到上地幔过渡区.本文利用各向异性地球模型计算各向异性简正模耦合深度敏感核,表明长周期(250～400 s)简正模各向异性耦合(如0S20-0T21和0S25-0T25)的敏感度峰值在400～600 km之间.在不受地球自转影响的台站,如位于南极极点的QSPA站,仍然可以观测到强烈的简正模耦合现象.本文的研究表明:只有在地震观测台站靠近长周期球形振荡的节点时,才能在其观测数据中观测到各向异性耦合现象,许多各向异性耦台在震后18～24 h期间最强,并可导致垂直方向的环形简正模的振幅大于球形耦合简正模的振幅.这些特征是在地震观测数据中寻找各向异性耦合的重要线索.长周期简正模的方位各向异性耦合为我们提供了一个新的认识上地幔过渡区各向异性的窗口. 相似文献
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地震方位各向异性广泛存在于地球上地幔中,目前利用地震体波或面波分析研究上地幔各向异性的地球物理方法有很多种,但是由于各自的局限性均难以分析上地幔过渡区中的各向异性特征.方位各向异性可导致球形简正模和环形简正模之间发生耦合.地球长周期自由振荡的简正模可深入到上地幔过渡区.本文利用各向异性地球模型计算各向异性简正模耦合深度敏感核,表明长周期(250~400 s)简正模各向异性耦合(如0S20-0T21 和0S25-0T25)的敏感度峰值在400~600 km之间.在不受地球自转影响的台站,如位于南极极点的QSPA站,仍然可以观测到强烈的简正模耦合现象.本文的研究表明:只有在地震观测台站靠近长周期球形振荡的节点时,才能在其观测数据中观测到各向异性耦合现象,许多各向异性耦合在震后18~24 h期间最强,并可导致垂直方向的环形简正模的振幅大于球形耦合简正模的振幅.这些特征是在地震观测数据中寻找各向异性耦合的重要线索.长周期简正模的方位各向异性耦合为我们提供了一个新的认识上地幔过渡区各向异性的窗口. 相似文献
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地球固态内核的平动振荡是地球的基本简正模之一,又称Slichter模,其本征周期大约为几个小时,与地球内部结构密切相关.为了研究影响内核平动振荡的本征周期与内部结构的依赖关系,本文利用球对称、非自转、弹性和各向同性地球模型（SNREI）,通过自由振荡运动方程的数值积分,以地球模型PREM为基础,理论上系统研究了地球内部介质（包括密度、地震波速等）分布异常对Slichter模本征周期的影响.数值结果表明,Slichter模周期随着内外核边界（ICB）密度差的增加以类似于双曲线的特征显著减小,当ICB密度差从597 kg·m-3减小到200 kg·m-3时,周期增大66.44%,当ICB密度差从597 kg·m-3增大到1000 kg·m-3时,周期减小21.48%;Slichter模周期随着核幔边界（CMB）密度差的增大而缓慢增大;相对于PREM,地球模型1066A在ICB和CMB的密度差分别相差45.321%和1.132%,内部地震波速度和密度梯度也存在差异,但是,当密度差减小到1066A模型提供的数值时,得到的Slichter模周期与基于1066A获得的结果（4.599 h）非常接近,差异分别只有3.762%和0.037%;表明Slichter模本征周期与地球内部介质的精细结构关系不大,而对ICB的密度差非常敏感.内、外核P波波速分布异常对Slichter模周期的影响基本相当,当内核和外核P波波速均增加5%时,Slichter周期分别减小1.02%和1.69%,P波波速分别减小5%时,Slichter模周期分别增加1.27%和1.847%,内核S波波速分布异常比P波波速分布异常对Slichter模周期的影响小1个量级;与地核相比,地幔中的地震波速异常对Slichter模本征周期的影响小1~2个量级;表明地核中地震波速异常对Slichter模周期的影响很小,目前有关Slichter模周期理论计算的差异主要来自于所采用的地球模型中内核边界的密度差的差异,本文结果可以为Slichter模的研究、探测及其对地球深内部结构的约束提供理论依据. 相似文献
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汶川大地震激发的地球球型自由振荡 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
用垂直摆倾斜仪和水管倾斜仪的数字化观测资料,利用功率谱密度估计方法,在没有对资料进行去固体潮处理的情况下,准确获得了2008年5月12日汶川8.0级大地震激发的0S6～0S32基频球型自由振荡.并与PREM模型的理论自由振荡周期进行了对比,发现实测振荡周期与PREM预测的振荡周期相吻合,除0S7振型的观测周期和PREM模型理论周期的相对误差大于0.3%外,其他振型的观测周期和PREM模型理论周期的相对误差大都集中在0.1%左右.可以从垂直摆倾斜仪和水管倾斜仪的观测资料中提取汶川地震激发的地球球型振荡信息,这为地球自由振荡的研究提供了一种新的仪器观测方法.用数字化地倾斜观测资料研究地球自由振荡问题或许有着较好的前景. 相似文献
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本文基于旋转微椭地球模型,采用简正模理论计算了地球内核平动振荡三重谱线的本征周期,理论上系统研究了地球内部介质(包括密度、地震波速等)分布异常对三重谱线本征周期的影响,计算了不同的内外核密度差和地核中的不同的P/S波速对应的内核平动振荡理论三重谱线周期;利用全球分布的9个超导台站,迭积每个台站长达54个月的高精度超导重力仪数据,在亚潮汐频段(0.162~0.285cph)检测内核平动振荡三重谱线.结果发现,三重谱线本征周期对内外核边界的密度跳跃非常敏感,随着密度差的增加,以类似于双曲线的特征减小;无论是采用地球质量不变的方法还是采用浮力频率为常数的方法,计算得到的三重谱线本征周期结果相差较小,且随着内外核密度差的增大,差距逐渐减小;内、外核P波波速分布异常对三重谱线周期的影响基本相当,内核S波波速分布异常比P波波速分布异常对三重谱线周期的影响小1个量级;探测到一组信噪比较高且满足谱峰分裂特征的三重谱线的信号(0.19281,0.21456和0.24151cph),有极大的可能是来自于内核平动振荡.基于探测结果可以推断实际的地球模型其内外核密度差应该介于PREM模型和1066A地球模型之间,更接近于1066A模型. 相似文献
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利用地球自由振荡观测约束芦山地震的震源机制解 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地球自由振荡的振幅和地震的震源机制有密切的关系．利用长周期自由振荡的观测可对地震的震源机制解进行分析和约束．芦山地震虽然是中等强度的地震,但也激发了可观测的自由振荡信号．根据芦山地震的4种不同震源机制解计算了芦山地震的自由振荡,然后与超导重力仪和宽频带地震仪观测的结果进行比对分析,结果表明可利用2．3～5mHz的球型简正模分析和约束芦山地震的震源机制解．研究发现地震的标量地震矩Mo对自由振荡振幅的影响较大,而断层走向、倾角、滑动方向角和震源深度对自由振荡的振幅影响较小．分析了不同震源机制解理论计算的地球自由振荡参数,发现由GCMT反演的地震矩与实际观测符合较好,其相应的震级能较好反映芦山地震释放的总能量,而利用远场体波反演的地震矩偏小,联合远场和近场观测数据反演可显著改善体波的震源机制解． 相似文献
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利用超导重力仪观测数据精确测定低于1 mHz的地球自由振荡简正模式的分裂频率,是在不与任何弹性系数发生联系的情况下改善一维密度模型的有效方法.但在该频段台站局部气压变化对重力观测数据的影响成为主要干扰来源,且具有频率依赖特性,因此精细地开展气压改正成为利用超导重力数据检测低频自由振荡信号的必要手段.本文基于EEMD方法,提出了一种具有频率依赖特性的气压改正方法.该方法将重力观测和气压变化分解成处于不同频段的本征模态函数,并在相应频段上分别进行重力-气压变化的回归分析,计算得到具有频率依赖特性的气压导纳值,精细地消除气压变化对重力观测的影响,并以此对微弱低频地球自由振荡信号开展高分辨率分析.基于本文提出的气压改正方法,利用大地震后的超导重力数据检测了频率小于1.5 mHz的低频地球自由振荡及其频谱分裂现象.研究结果表明：利用该方法进行气压改正后检测得到的各简正模具有更高的信噪比,估计的本征频率误差水平明显降低,获得的基频球型振荡0S2和0S3以及一阶球型振荡1S2的分裂谱峰的估计精度更高,同时还检测到了部分环型振荡在重力观测中的耦合现象.对低频地球振荡的高分辨率检测结果验证了基于EEMD分解提出的气压改正方法的有效性,同时再次证明了超导重力仪观测数据在低频地球自由振荡检测中的优势. 相似文献
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The studies on the structure and physical properties of the Earth‘s interior done by Chinese geophysicists from 1999 to 2002 were reviewed in this paper. It includes several research areas: the structure of the Earth‘s interiors using seismic tomography, anisotropy of the upper mantle in China and its adjacent areas, quality factor Qβ for S waves, subduction zone, mantle discontinuities, physical properties of Earth‘s materials and others. The review concerns mainly the contents, the methods and the results of the studies. It can be seen that new progress in the study on the structure and physical properties of the Earth‘s interior has been made in the last 4 years in China. It is shown on three aspects: advancement made on some preexistent areas; pioneering on some new fields and new methods adopted. 相似文献
12.
Chanjun Jiang Youxue Wang Bin Xiong Qianci Ren Jinfeng Hu Wenqi Gao Yi Tian Xi Zhuo 《地震科学（英文版）》2019,32(2):72-79
Earthquake data include informative seismic phases that require identification for imaging the Earth's structural interior. In order to identify the phases, we created a numerical method to calculate the traveltimes and raypaths by a shooting technique based upon the IASP91 Earth model, and it can calculate the traveltimes and raypaths for not only the seismic phases in the traditional traveltime tables such as IASP91, AK135, but also some phases such as pPcP, pPKIKP, and PPPPP. It is not necessary for this method to mesh the Earth model, and the results from the numerical modeling and its application show that the absolute differences between the calculated and theoretical traveltimes from the ISAP91 tables are less than 0.1 s. Thus, it is simple in manipulation and fast in computation, and can provide a reliable theoretical prediction for the identification of a seismic phase within the acquired earthquake data. 相似文献
13.
Based on the time series of observational variations of the length of day (LOD) and seismic data in the world, the relations
of the decadal fluctuation and seasonal variation in the Earth’s rotation with global seismic activity are studied in this
paper. The results suggest that there are overall correlations on temporal scale and regional discrepancy on spatial scale
between global seismic activity and the Earth’s variable rotation, especially the seismic activity in the Eurasian seismic
zone (not including southeast Asia) and the Lower California-Eastern Alaska seismic zone correlating well with the Earth’s
variable rotation. According to the relations mentioned above, the observational data of the Earth’s rotation might provide
a referential basis for monitoring global seismic activity.
This project is sponsored by the National Key Basic Research Project and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
The English version is improved by Prof. Xin-Ling QIN, Institute of Geophysics, SSB, China. 相似文献
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These last 10 years, numerical models of mantle convection have emphasized the role of the 670 km endothermic phase change in generating avalanches that trigger catastrophic mass transfers between upper and lower mantle. On the other hand, scientists have emphasized the concomitance of large-scale worldwide geophysical and tectonic events, which could find their deep thermal roots in the huge mass transfers induced by the avalanches. In particular, the paleontological records show two periods of length of day (l.o.d.) shortening between 420 and 360, and 200 and 80 Myr BP. This last event is synchronous with a strong true polar wander and a global warming of the upper mantle. In order to study the potential effects of the avalanche on the main component of the Earth’s rotation, the Liouville equation has been solved and the l.o.d. evolution has been calculated from the perturbations of the inertia tensor. The results show that the inertia tensor of the Earth’s is mainly sensitive to the global transfers through the 670 km discontinuity. The l.o.d. perturbations will be synchronous with the global thermal effects of the avalanche. These theoretical results allow proposing a self-consistent physical mechanism to explain periods of the Earth’s rotation acceleration. Within this context, the l.o.d. shortening during the Cenozoic and Cretaceous brings one more clue to the possible participation of a mantle avalanche in generating the concomitant large scale events which have occurred during this very particular period of the Earth’s history. 相似文献
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本文首次利用解析法有效快速估计了将来GRACE（Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment） Follow-On地球重力场的精度. 第一,基于功率谱原理分别建立了新的GRACE Follow-On卫星激光干涉星间测量系统星间速度、GPS接收机轨道位置和轨道速度以及加速度计非保守力误差影响累计大地水准面的单独和联合解析误差模型. 第二,利用提出的GRACE卫星关键载荷匹配精度指标和美国喷气推进实验室（JPL）公布的GRACE Level 1B实测精度指标的一致性,以及估计的GRACE累计大地水准面精度和德国波兹坦地学研究中心（GFZ）公布的EIGEN-GRACE02S地球重力场模型实测精度的符合性,验证了本文建立的解析误差模型是可靠的. 第三,论证了GRACE Follow-On卫星不同关键载荷匹配精度指标和轨道高度对地球重力场精度的影响. 在360阶处,利用轨道高度250 km、星间距离50 km、星间速度误差1×10-9m/s、轨道位置误差3×10-5m、轨道速度误差3×10-8m/s和非保守力误差3×10-13m/s2,基于联合解析误差模型估计累计大地水准面的精度为1.231×10-1 m. 本文的研究不仅为当前GRACE和将来GRACE Follow-On地球重力场精度的有效快速确定提供了理论基础和计算保证,同时对国际将来GRAIL（Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory）月球卫星重力测量计划的成功实施具有重要的参考意义. 相似文献
16.
He-Ping Sun Gerhard Jentzsch Jian-Qiao Xu Hou-Ze Hsu Xiao-Dong Chen Jiang-Cun Zhou 《Journal of Geodynamics》2004,38(3-5):451
The long series tidal gravity observations from 1997 to 2002 recorded with C032 superconducting gravimeter (SG) at station Wuhan/China are used in order to study the Earth's geodynamics. The tidal gravity parameters are determined precisely using Eterna software package after careful data pre-processing. The Earth's free core nutation (FCN) resonant parameters (eigenperiods, quality factors and resonant strengths) are determined accurately. The results show the determined eigenperiod to be 431.0 sidereal days with an accuracy of ±1.81%, the quality factor is a negative one as of −7002, and the resonance strength can be explained by the elastic property of the Earth's mantle. The discrepancy of the eigenperiods when using various ocean models can amount to ±1.8%. The 30 sidereal days difference between the determined eigenperiod in this paper and the one in theoretical computation given by Wahr and Bergen can be explained by the real dynamic ellipticity of the Earth's liquid core, i.e., it is about 5% larger than the one under the hydrostatic equilibrium assumption. 相似文献
17.
The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred in an active earthquake zone, i.e., Longmenshan tectonic zone. Seismic waves triggered
by this earthquake can be used to explore the characteristics of the fault rupture process and the hierarchical structure
of the Earth’s interior. We employ spectral element method incorporated with large-scale parallel computing technology, to
investigate the characteristics of seismic wave propagation excited by Wenchuan earthquake. We calculate synthetic seismograms
with one-point source model and three-point source model respectively. The AK135 model is employed as a prototype of our numerical
global Earth model. The Earth’s ellipticity, Earth’s medium attenuation, and topography data are taken into consideration.
These wave propagation processes are simulated by solving three-dimensional elastic wave governing equations. Three-dimensional
visualization of our numerical results displays the profile of the seismic wave propagation. The three-point source, which
is proposed from the latest investigations through field observation and reverse estimation, can better demonstrate the spatial
and temporal characteristics of the source rupture process than the one-point source. We take comparison of synthetic seismograms
with observational data recorded at 16 observatory stations. Primary results show that the synthetic seismograms calculated
from three-point source agree well with the observations. This can further reveal that the source rupture process of Wenchuan
earthquake is a multi-rupture process, which is composed by at least three or more stages of rupture processes.
Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2004CB418406), National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grant Nos. 40774049 and 40474038), and Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. INF105-SCE-02-12) 相似文献
18.
Besides generating seismic waves, which eventually dissipate, an earthquake also generates a static displacement field everywhere within the Earth. This global displacement field rearranges the Earth’s mass thereby causing the Earth’s rotation and gravitational field to change. The size of this change depends upon the magnitude, focal mechanism, and location of the earthquake. The Sumatran earthquake of December 26, 2004 is the largest earthquake to have occurred since the 1960 Chilean earthquake. Using a spherical, layered Earth model, the coseismic effect of the Sumatran earthquake upon the Earth’s length-of-day, polar motion, and low-degree harmonic coefficients of the gravitational field are computed. Using a model of the earthquake source that is composed of five subevents having a total moment-magnitude M
w
of 9.3, it is found that this earthquake should have caused the length-of-day to decrease by 6.8 microseconds, the position of the Earth’s generalized figure axis to shift 2.32 milliarcseconds towards 127° E longitude, the Earth’s oblateness J
2 to decrease by 2.37 × 10−11 and the Earth’s pear-shapedness J
3 to decrease by 0.63 × 10−11. The predicted change in the length-of-day, position of the generalized figure axis, and J
3 are probably not detectable by current measurement systems. But the predicted change in oblateness is perhaps detectable if other effects, such as those of the atmosphere, oceans, and continental water storage, can be adequately removed from the observations. 相似文献