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1.
损伤条件下深部岩体巷道光面爆破参数研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
岩体条件复杂多变,为了提高光面爆破的适应性、改善光面爆破效果,对损伤条件下深部岩体巷道光面爆破参数进行研究。通过对深部岩体巷道光爆层原岩应力场、光面爆破机制和振动损伤特征进行分析,基于爆炸应力波和爆生气体综合作用理论,考虑高原岩应力和岩石损伤影响,提出了损伤条件下深部岩体巷道光面爆破参数确定的计算方法。研究表明, （1）高原岩应力相当于提高了岩石的抗拉强度,不利于炮孔初始裂纹的形成及贯通,宜减小周边眼间距;（2）岩石损伤后,其他条件不变,光面爆破的炮孔间距和抵抗线值可适当加大;（3）高原岩应力和损伤条件下,光面爆破的炮孔间距较小时,容易造成爆后围岩损伤,降低围岩的稳定性能,因此,提高爆破效果的同时应及时加强支护,以确保施工安全和围岩稳定;（4）本文提出的光面爆破参数计算公式,经现场爆破验证效果良好,适用于复杂多变的岩体环境。 相似文献
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节理几何特征对预裂爆破效果影响的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用有限元软件AUTODYN 2D计算爆炸荷载与离散元软件UDEC模拟节理岩体相结合的方法研究了节理几何特征对预裂爆破的影响。通过计算可知,预裂爆破时炮孔间的节理组对预裂成缝的影响明显,当节理法线与炮孔连线夹角在一定范围内时,预裂缝沿炮孔连线方向的平直程度随节理与炮孔连线夹角的增大而逐渐趋于平直,其中当节理组与炮孔连线夹角为90°时成缝效果最好,裂缝与炮孔连线基本重合,与理论分析较一致;节理间距对预裂爆破有较大影响,相同条件下节理间距越小,越难形成连通裂缝,减小炮孔间距有利于小节理间距情况下的预裂缝贯通 相似文献
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单自由面爆破条件下作用在岩体上的最有效破坏力小,而阻碍岩体破坏的作用力很大,使炮孔堵塞长度对爆破振动有较大影响。因此,研究单自由面爆破振动特征的炮孔堵塞长度效应有重要意义。进行了小规模的不同堵塞长度的单自由面爆破试验,并模拟了其爆破过程。研究表明,近距范围内爆破振动速度迅速衰减,中远距离爆破振动速度衰减趋缓;随着堵塞长度的增加,场地系数K不断增加,衰减指数? 总体呈上升趋势;数值模拟振动速度值与实测值误差在15%以内;爆破后不同堵塞长度模型的堵塞物底部空腔半径基本相等,约为装药半径的3倍;试验最优堵塞长度为15～20 cm,相同条件下无堵塞爆破对孔口有效应力场影响较大、对孔底有效应力场影响较小 相似文献
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等离子爆破技术是一种新型爆破技术,其爆破孔的设计对整个爆破效果及爆破效率起着决定性的作用。本文基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了爆破孔的有限元模型,并对爆炸荷载作用下掏槽孔孔壁压力及其破碎区进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明,爆破时畸变能的变化自始至终都基本呈椭圆形,孔径越小,积累的能量越大,对岩体破坏越大;孔深长度越短,能量积聚空间越小,爆破对岩体造成的破坏越大;孔深长度的改变对下部岩体影响较小,对中部岩体影响较大。此外由于爆炸实验多为破坏性实验,很难进行原型试验,因此使用数值模拟方法研究爆破孔的结构是可行的,可以作为实际工程的参考。 相似文献
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爆破根底会严重影响深孔台阶爆破效果及后续施工工序。结合台阶爆破岩体破坏特征及结构动力学理论,将多自由度体系结构动力法应用于台阶爆破的结构受力分析中,研究了岩体力学性能变化对台阶底部岩体破坏、根底形成的影响机制。结果表明：当台阶中部岩体力学性能降低50%时,岩性软弱段会弱化上部荷载对底部岩体的破坏作用,使底部岩体剪力最大削弱7.8%、弯矩减小6.6%,受力减弱使得根底形成机率增加,并且这种弱化作用随着岩体力学性能的降低而显著增大;而当台阶底部岩体力学性能增强时,可小幅度增大底部岩体的内力,但因材料强度大幅提高,岩体破坏难度增大,从而较易形成爆破根底。进一步利用岩体结构破坏准则分析了不同因素对台阶根底形成的影响机制,发现岩性分布不均及其引起的结构刚度、底部受力条件变化是导致根底形成的主要原因,通过调整起爆点高度可以减小中部岩性软弱段对底部岩体的受力影响,采取增加底部岩体受力条件及减小底部岩体结构刚度的工程措施也能增加底部岩体破坏程度,避免爆破根底的形成,相关研究成果可供类似工程参考。 相似文献
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沉管隧道基槽爆破施工对既有堤岸稳定性影响的数值仿真分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合爆破数值模拟中爆破荷载的特点,分析了各种荷载施加方法的特点及爆破震动场模拟的要求,基于圣维南荷载等效原理,提出了爆破荷载的等效施加方法,即将作用在炮孔壁上的爆破荷载等效后,施加在同排炮孔中心线或者面上来模拟爆破荷载的作用。结果表明,等效施加方法在近区存在一定差异,但在中远区吻合得较好。利用该等效荷载施加方法,采用三维实体模型计算分析了某沉管隧道基槽爆破施工对既有堤岸稳定性影响,计算了周围不同位置、不同深度位置处的振动响应,并在此基础上,分析研究了减小爆破振动对既有结构物影响的减振措施,可为类似工程提供借鉴。 相似文献
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在农田和城镇等障碍物密布的复杂三维井炮勘探设计中,采用常规办法很难满足勘探要求.提前踏勘工区,摸清障碍物范围;进行岩性调查和通过药量参数实验确定合理的井深和药量;采用网格化的非常规精细化束状设计来进行炮点设计;在大范围障碍物密集区域,采用加密检波线以接收点代替激发点的辅助方法,弥补炮点不能布设的空白区域导致的覆盖次数不... 相似文献
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炮孔合理堵塞长度的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于爆破理论和应力波理论,分析了炮孔堵塞物的作用机理及其在炮孔中运动过程,推导出了炮孔堵塞长度的计算公式,并对合理炮孔堵塞长度的选取进行了现场试验,试验结果说明了理论分析的正确性,可为爆破实践提供理论依据。 相似文献
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空气间隔装药爆炸冲击荷载作用下混凝土损伤分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用JHC混凝土损伤演化模型,模拟计算了不同空气间隔装药结构情况下炮孔近区岩石损伤破坏机制,分析了空气层比例以及起爆方式对爆破效果的影响。计算表明,不同空气层位置及比例会产生不同的爆破效果,并能运用于不同的爆破目的。空气层比例与炮孔粉碎区大小成反比,空气比较小时可以用于梯段爆破,而空气比较大时可用于预裂或光面爆破。对于梯段爆破、反向起爆（空气层位于上部）和中间起爆（空气层位于中间）的效果要好;起爆方式对梯段爆破效果的影响要比预裂和光面爆破效果明显。 相似文献
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Modelling Rock Blasting Considering Explosion Gas Penetration Using Discontinuous Deformation Analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Explosion gas plays an important role in rock mass fragmentation and cast in rock blasting. In this technical note, the discontinuous deformation analysis method is extended for bench rock blasting by coupling the rock mass failure process and the penetration effect of the explosion gas based on a generalized artificial joint concept to model rock mass fracturing. By tracking the blast chamber evolution dynamically, instant explosion gas pressure is derived from the blast chamber volume using a simple polytropic gas pressure equation of state and loaded on the blast chamber wall. A bench blasting example is carried out. The blast chamber volume and pressure time histories are obtained. The rock failure and movement process in bench rock blasting is reproduced and analysed. 相似文献
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Summary
This paper uses the concept of anisotropic damage mechanics to analyze dynamic responses of a granite site under blasting
loads. An anisotropic continuum damage model is suggested to model rock mass behavior under blasting loads. The effects of
existing cracks and joints in the rock mass are considered by using equivalent rock material properties obtained from both
field and laboratory test data. The anisotropic damage accumulations are simulated by continuous degradation of equivalent
material stiffness and strength during loading process and are calculated using the exponential function with respect to the
principal tensile strain in three directions. The suggested models are programmed and linked to an available computer program
Autodyn3D through its user's subroutine capability. Stress wave propagation and damage zone in the rock mass induced by underground
explosions are simulated. Numerical results of damaged area, peak particle velocity and acceleration attenuation as well as
acceleration time histories and Fourier spectra are compared with those from independent field tests. 相似文献
14.
在地下厂房岩锚梁爆破施工中,为获得良好的开挖轮廓面和较小的损伤区,常采用光面爆破的开挖方式,但在光面爆破施工中,主爆孔爆破对光爆层岩石造成较大程度的损伤,使岩石的力学参数发生变化,而在爆破设计与施工中未考虑这种损伤效应,结果造成单孔装药量偏大,岩石受到过度破坏,出现超挖或产生大量的爆振裂隙。应用动力有限元程序,建立岩体二维弹塑性模型,对不考虑损伤和考虑损伤的光面爆破过程进行了数值模拟,并比较两种模型最大有效应力随距离的变化关系。研究结果表明,在相同情况下,考虑损伤影响时可适当加大光面爆破的炮孔间距和抵抗线。在现场进行了考虑爆破损伤和未考虑爆破损伤的两组爆破试验,观察爆后效果表明：考虑爆破损伤效应的参数设计爆破效果好、损伤作用小。 相似文献
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Shijie Qu Shuhua Hao Guangping Chen Baohui Li Guangzeng Bian 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2002,6(1):85-103
Blast design is a critical factor dominating fragmentation and cost of actual bench blasts. However, due to the varying nature of rock properties and geology as well as free surface conditions, reliable theoretic formulae are still unavailable at present and in most cases blast design is carried out by personal experience. As an effort to find a more scientific and reliable tool for blast design, a computer-aided bench blast design and simulation system, the BLAST-CODE model, is developed for Shuichang surface mine, Mining Industry Company of the Capital Iron and Steel Corporation Beijing. The BLAST-CODE model consists of a database representing geological and topographical conditions of the mine and the modules Frag + and Disp + for blast design and prediction of resultant fragmentation and displacement of rock mass. The two modules are established in accordance with cratering theory qualitatively and modified quantitatively by regression of the data collected from 85 bench blasting practices conducted in 3 mines of the Shuichang surface mine. Blasting parameters are selected based upon quantitative and comprehensive evaluation on the effect of the factors such as rock properties, geology, free surface conditions and detonation characteristics of the explosive products in use. In order to ensure practicality and reliability of the system, the BLAST-CODE model allows automatic adjustment to the selected parameters such as burden B and spacing S as well as explosive charge amount Q of any blasthole under irregular topographic and/or varying blastability conditions of the rock mass to be blasted. Simulation of the BLAST-CODE model includes prediction of fragmentation and displacement that are demonstrated in terms of swell factor, characteristic rock size x c and size distribution coefficient n by Rossin-Ramler's equation, and 3-dimentional muck pile profile. The BLAST-CODE model also permits interactive parameter selection based on comparison of the predicted fragmentation and displacement as well as the cost for drilling, explosives, and accessories until the most effective option can be selected. 相似文献
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快速准确地识别岩体裂隙的三维分布特征是西南山区铁路防灾减灾的关键.本研究提出了一套岩体裂隙可视化新方法,基于测窗调查的裂隙数据,依托球坐标及极射赤平投影进行数字化处理及降维,利用K-Means++聚类算法、Fisher分布模型和蒙特卡洛模拟,完成裂隙产状数据的自动分组和模拟,最后运用Python及圆盘模型实现岩体裂隙三维可视化.本研究采用坐标变换和三角网格曲面的方式,更有利于与其他三维建模软件嵌套分析.水电站工程的先行应用研究表明产状数据服从Fisher分布,本文的模型相对于传统玫瑰花图和施密特图有着一定的优势.因此,本文建立的岩体裂隙模型具有直观快速反映区域裂隙网络三维分布特征的优点,研究成果可以直接服务于西南山区铁路施工阶段隧道掌子面及洞壁的节理裂隙三维识别以及防灾减灾研究. 相似文献
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爆破荷载作用下岩体振动特征的数值模拟 总被引：41，自引：2，他引：39
根据福建牛头山水电站地基岩体爆破开挖监测,运用离散元方法模拟了节理岩体距爆源不同距离处质点的振动速度和频率的变化特征,由此确定岩体质点最大振动速度和振动主频随爆源距离的衰减规律,并得到了距爆源一定距离处质点最大振动速度和振动主频与爆破药量的关系。数值模拟与现场实测的结果表明,用离散元软件UDEC计算得到的岩体振动特征和衰减规律与现场监测结果是基本符合的,误差在工程应用的允许范围之内,因此UDEC用于对岩体动态响应的数值模拟是适合的。 相似文献
18.
M. G. Şenyur 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1998,31(3):181-196
Summary The purpose of this study is to statistically correlate the fragmentation gradient () and average fragment size () with the blasting test parameters for rock masses having different characteristics. Blasting tests were conducted in limestone
exposed during the highway construction between Tarsus and Pozanti (Turkey). Three test sites were classified as poor rock,
good rock, and very good rock according to their RMR ratings. The selected blasting test parameters that affect the degree
of fragmentation were burden, bench height and ANFO charge. After each blast, the muckpiles were screened and fragment size
distribution graphs were plotted. Yates' method was applied for experimental design and analysis of variance. The single and
combined effects of blasting test parameters were analyzed through the Yates' tables and significant and non-significant treatment
combinations were determined for different rock masses. Some conclusions drawn from this research are: 1. The increase of
RMR ratings promotes fragmentation, hence, increases blasting efficiency. 2. In rock masses of low RMR ratings, the volume
of broken material is large, but fragmentation into small sizes is low. The opposite is true for rock masses of high RMR ratings.
3. The length of charge column is the significant factor affecting the average fragment size regardless the type of rock mass
and is more significant in very good quality rock mass. 相似文献