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1.
温室气体浓度变化及其源与汇研究进展 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
对工业革命以来大气中主要温室气体浓度变化和增长趋势作了简介。概述了冰芯研究的最新成果:420 ka BP以来CO2浓度变化情况及其揭示的气候变化机制;全新世期间CH4浓度的波动;气候事件中N2O浓度的快速波动及工业化前的水平。总结了全球温室气体源与汇的研究现状,重点介绍了全球碳循环研究中的未知汇问题,列举了根据不同资料和模型估计的陆地碳汇位置和幅度以及影响因素对陆地碳汇的贡献等认识上的差异。简单介绍了国内有关温室气体源与汇研究,如稻田CH4排放、岩溶系统碳循环和黄土中温室气体组分特征等方面的研究成果和认识。 相似文献
2.
E. S. Karapidakis Ph.D. A. A. Tsave P. M. Soupios Ph.D. Y. A. Katsigiannis Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(3):599-608
This study investigates the utilization of landfill biogas as a fuel for electrical power generation. Landfills can be regarded as conversion biogas plants to electricity, not only covering internal consumptions of the facility but contributing in the power grid as well. A landfill gas plant consists of a recovery and a production system. The recovery of landfill gas is an area of vital interest since it combines both alternative energy production and reduction of environmental impact through reduction of methane and carbon dioxide, two of the main greenhouse gases emissions. This study follows two main objectives. First, to determine whether active extraction of landfill gas in the examined municipal solid waste sites would produce adequate electric power for utilisation and grid connection and second, to estimate the reduction of sequential greenhouse gases emissions. However, in order to optimize the designing of a plant fed by biogas, it is necessary to quantify biogas production over several years. The investigation results of energy efficiency and environmental impact of biogas utilization in landfills are considering satisfactory enough both in electric energy production and in contribution to greenhouse gases mitigation. 相似文献
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城市垃圾填埋场甲烷资源量与利用前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
垃圾填埋气的主要成分为CH4、CO2等气体,可严重污染大气、地下水和生态环境,并对全球气候变暖产生一定的影响;同时填埋气也是一种清洁可再生能源和资源,回收和利用垃圾填埋气可实现环境、安全、能源、资源、经济多重效益。目前,垃圾填埋气的利用主要为甲烷利用。本文介绍了填埋气中甲烷资源量的计算方法,采用一阶动力模型对国内城市垃圾填埋气中的甲烷排放量进行了计算和预测,获得了城市生活垃圾填埋气中甲烷的资源量的范围,并分析了国内垃圾填埋气排放的特点和趋势以及国内外对填埋气利用的途径、方法及效果。结合清洁发展机制（CDM）项目和国情分析了垃圾填埋气的利用前景,并提出了填埋气回收利用的主要问题和建议,为国内城市生活垃圾填埋气的利用提供了有益参考。 相似文献
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北京地区大气主要温室气体的季节变化 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
摘 要：报道了北京主要温室气体浓度最新变化情况,采用1993—2002年北京主要温室气体周平均浓度的数据,用时间序列分解的方法对其季节变化进行了分析研究,并对造成北京主要温室气体季节变化的原因进行了初步探讨。分析发现北京大气CH4的季节变化范围在－49．2×10－ 9～ 55．7×10－ 9（V／V）之间,并呈现出双峰模态;北京大气CO2浓度的季节变化范围在－26．4×10－ 6～ 34．0×10－ 6（V／V）之间;北京大气 N 2 O浓度变化没有明显的季节变化特点。 相似文献
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垃圾填埋场服役期间会因微生物降解有机物释放大量甲烷,即使有气体收集装置,仍有甲烷逃逸到大气中。甲烷气体是造成温室效应的重要气体之一。甲烷氧化菌是以甲烷为唯一碳源的微生物,具有其优良的甲烷氧化效能。在中小型填埋场、老旧填埋场及开启集气装置已不再经济的大型填埋场,可在填埋场覆层中掺入甲烷氧化菌,对甲烷进行生物氧化,减少垃圾填埋场的甲烷释放量,从而减少温室效应,达到环保的目的。文章回顾了近些年国内外对甲烷氧化菌及其甲烷氧化效能的相关研究,对甲烷氧化菌的分类及其甲烷氧化机理,影响甲烷氧化菌氧化效能的因素以及甲烷氧化菌在垃圾填埋场中的应用等研究成果进行了总结,并对其今后的研究和应用提出了展望。 相似文献
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Acta Geotechnica - Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are a major source of anthropogenic methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which are also major greenhouse gases. Apart from... 相似文献
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甲烷氧化与氨氧化微生物及其耦合功能 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
甲烷氧化与氨氧化过程分别对控制温室气体甲烷和氧化亚氮方面有着特殊作用,土壤及湿地等环境中的甲烷氧化菌和氨氧化菌在生态系统碳、氮生物循环中扮演着重要的角色。论述了甲烷氧化与氨氧化过程的微生物学机制,甲烷氧化菌和氨氧化菌的群落结构变化,分析了甲烷氧化菌和氨氧化菌在碳、氮循环以及它们在控制重要温室气体排放中的环境功能,阐述了甲烷氧化菌和氨氧化菌的关联作用机制。以期深入揭示甲烷氧化菌与氨氧化菌的空间分异与耦合机制,为深入探讨这类微生物的生态机制和环境功能提供科学线索。 相似文献
8.
The authors believe that recent global warming of Earth’s atmosphere is not due to an increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide emission but rather to long-term global factors. The human contribution to the CO2 content in the atmosphere and the increase in temperature is negligible in comparison with other sources of carbon dioxide emission. Discussed in this paper are sources, avenues of migration, and the amounts of naturally produced carbon dioxide and methane (greenhouse gases) and long-term changes in the Earth’s climate, which are necessary for understanding the causes of current temperature trends. 相似文献
9.
新元古代为距今约1 000~540 Ma的地质历史时期,当时地球处于Rodinia超大陆汇聚和裂解期,板块运动和岩浆作用强烈,且伴随全球性气温下降以及大范围的几期冰期作用,形成覆盖整个地球的冰雪,形成雪球地球（Snowball Earth）。就华南板块而言,在新元古代时期存在有几期冰期冰碛物残留,学者们对其的定年工作成果也相当丰富,但对雪球地球的形成和消融因素方面还存在的一定争议,包括形成与消融时间、方式、影响因素等。通过总结前人研究成果,从而提出关于华南板块新元古代“雪球地球”形成与消融因素,即在当时古地理环境下雪球地球的形成与消融是多因素综合性作用的结果,包括地史早期微生物作用、超大陆裂解以及超级地幔柱、甲烷渗漏、冰期岩浆热液作用。从新元古代以来,随着Rodinia超大陆的裂解以及在超级地幔柱作用下,海岸线不断增加,大量微生物以及小壳动物繁殖,呈现峰值增加,CO2等温室气体含量迅速下降,从而破坏温室平衡。后期由于冰期岩浆热液作用以及海底温室气体CH4排放,导致温室效应重新加剧,恢复原始地球形貌。 相似文献
10.
Robert H. Reitsema 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1979,43(2):183-187
The gases emitted from mud volcanoes in the Copper River Basin of Alaska fall into two distinct types which are not mixed during vertical migration. The gases in the eastern volcanoes are nearly pure carbon dioxide, whereas the western ones contain methane and nitrogen and almost no carbon dioxide. Chemical and carbon isotopic compositions suggest the carbon dioxide rich gases originated by solution of limestones and that methane rich gases probably formed by thermal decomposition of coals.Permafrost may be a strong factor in separating the Copper River Basin gases. Extending downward for several hundred feet, the permafrost would prevent shallow lateral migration and focus the energy of the gas into occasional mud volcano vents. Soil gas analyses show rapidly decreasing amounts of the methane to about 150 m and of carbon dioxide to about 20–40 m away from the mud volcano pools. Isotopic variations of these natural methane and carbon dioxide gases, which are not intermixed, indicate that calculations of formation temperatures based on δ13C ratios cannot be used generally. 相似文献
11.
泥炭的热模拟实验及其在煤层气研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用高温高压多冷阱热解实验装置,在温度和压力分别为336.8~600℃和 50MPa,升温速率为 20℃/h和 2℃/h条件下,对泥炭进行了热解生气的模拟实验,获得了烃类甲烷和C2-C5气体以及非烃二氧化碳、氢气和硫化氢气体的产率和体积分数数据,研究了热模拟产物气体的组分特征和热演化过程。结果表明,泥炭高温热解产物气体主要由非烃二氧化碳气体组成,其次为烃类甲烷和C2-C5气体。随着实验温度的增高,非烃气体体积分数呈下降趋势,烃类气体体积分数呈上升趋势。不同升温速率实验条件下,泥炭样品热解生气表现出不同的特征,主要体现了时间因素控制着泥炭的生烃过程和生烃量,这符合化学反应动力学时间与温度之间互补的原理。并且与煤岩热解生气特征进行了对比,表明泥炭比煤岩具有更高的产烃气能力。根据热模拟实验研究结果,探讨了煤层气形成方面的地球化学意义。 相似文献
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天然气水合物分解及其生态环境效应研究进展 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
了解大陆／大洋边缘地区天然气水合物形成与分解及其在海底沉积物、水体及海底化学自氧生物群落中的一系列物理、化学及生物作用有助于我们在全球和区域尺度上探讨天然气水合物分解对气候变化的影响;天然气水合物在碳循环中的作用和大陆边缘流体活动与物质交换机制等问题。从水合物分解与全球变暖、贫／缺氧甲烷氧化作用、自生矿物沉淀、化学自养生物群落等方面综述了水合物的环境生态效应研究进展。天然气水合物的形成／分解及
其对海洋乃至全球环境生态变化的影响,深刻地反映了地球上岩石圈、水圈、大气圈和生物圈之间相互联系与相互作用,生物,特别是微生物对全球CH 4的平衡和自生矿物沉淀至关重要。 相似文献
14.
碳酸盐岩在全球碳循环过程中的作用 总被引：22，自引：3，他引：22
碳酸盐岩是地球上最主要的碳库，开展全球变化研究应重视碳酸盐岩在岩溶作用过程中的地球化学动力学研究。这方面的科学问题有二个。第一是关于全球碳酸盐岩的碳库容量问题，尚须利用全球沉积岩和碳酸盐岩数据库，根据全球地质历史时期碳酸盐岩的分布面积、厚度和岩石成分等进行重新计算。其次是关于碳酸盐岩在岩溶作用过程中对全球碳循环的动力学贡献问题。一方面碳酸盐岩的溶蚀作用不仅关系到海洋ＣａＣＯ＿３的供给量而影响海洋中碳通量的平衡，而且还可直接回收大气圈中的ＣＯ＿２；另一方面由于钙华的沉积又可向大气圈释放ＣＯ＿２，而影响温空气体的变化。它们构成了大气温室气体源汇关系中不可忽视的一项。 相似文献
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Engineering geological aspects of replacing a solid waste disposal site with a sanitary landfill 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kamil Kayabali 《Engineering Geology》1996,44(1-4):203-212
The current solid waste disposal site in the Mamak district of Ankara is being engulfed by the growing city. All varieties of solid wastes, including medical wastes, are stored at the present site in an irregular manner. Topographical and geological conditions at Mamak waste site are favorable for constructing a sanitary landfill. Located at the edge of a topographical depression, the site is underlain by the natural hydraulic barriers such as clay and metagreywacke. The terrestrial clay has a permeability of 10−7 to 10−8 cm/s and low to moderate values of CEC. The proposed sanitary landfill to replace the present solid waste site has a capacity of storing solid waste over 50 years. The details of base liner, final cover, toe embankment, and drainage of leachate and gas are presented in the paper. 相似文献
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Greenhouse gases and greenhouse effect 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. V. Chilingar O. G. Sorokhtin L. Khilyuk M. V. Gorfunkel 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(6):1207-1213
Conventional theory of global warming states that heating of atmosphere occurs as a result of accumulation of CO2 and CH4 in atmosphere. The writers show that rising concentration of CO2 should result in the cooling of climate. The methane accumulation has no essential effect on the Earth’s climate. Even significant
releases of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide into the atmosphere do not change average parameters of the Earth’s heat regime
and the atmospheric greenhouse effect. Moreover, CO2 concentration increase in the atmosphere results in rising agricultural productivity and improves the conditions for reforestation.
Thus, accumulation of small additional amounts of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere as a result of anthropogenic
activities has practically no effect on the Earth’s climate. 相似文献
19.
R. B. Shakirov 《Geochemistry International》2014,52(3):247-259
This paper reports the analysis of the distribution of hydrocarbon and other gases in Mendeleev and Golovnin volcanoes and other occurrences of Kunashir Island. It was shown that, in addition to methane, the solfatara gases and gases dissolved in thermal waters contain ethane, propane, and butane. The volume concentration of methane in gas samples was no higher than 0.4 vol %. Carbon isotopes were analyzed in methane, ethane, and carbon dioxide in free and dissolved states. The hydrocarbon gases of Kunashir I. are of the thermogenic and metamorphogenic types, and their distribution depends on the position of springs relative to the eruptive centers of the volcanoes. Thermogenic gases are probably products of the high-temperature transformation of sedimentary organic matter buried during the formation of volcanic edifices. General gas geochemical characteristics are presented for Kuril volcanoes, and it was found that hydrocarbon generation in the sediments of the Kuril Basin increases toward volcanic edifices. 相似文献
20.
Binary gas adsorption/desorption isotherms: effect of moisture and coal composition upon carbon dioxide selectivity over methane 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The effect of coal moisture content and composition upon methane/carbon dioxide mixed gas adsorption characteristics is investigated. Separation factors are used to quantify the relative adsorption of carbon dioxide and methane. Experimental data indicate that carbon dioxide separation factors vary slightly between coal lithotypes, but the effects of variable coal composition and moisture upon selective adsorption are difficult to isolate. Model predictions based upon single-component isotherms show that although some variability in carbon dioxide selectivity exists for different coal types, there is no clear relationship between coal composition and carbon dioxide selectivity. Model predictions also indicate that coal moisture decreases carbon dioxide selectivity. The ideal adsorbed solution (IAS) theory and the extended Langmuir model differ substantially in their ability to predict binary gas adsorption behaviour. Comparison of model predictions to experimental data demonstrates that IAS theory, in conjunction with the Dubinin–Astakhov single-component isotherm equations are more accurate for the prediction of mixed gas desorption isotherms collected in this study than the extended Langmuir. IAS predictions, however, are strongly dependent upon the choice of pure gas isotherm equation. 相似文献