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1.
Siân E. Rees Lynda D. Rodwell Martin J. Attrill Melanie C. Austen Steven C. Mangi 《Marine Policy》2010
The incorporation of the ecosystem approach into marine planning requires that all aspects of value associated with marine biodiversity are incorporated into the decision making process. An ecosystem services approach to valuing marine biodiversity is recognised as a framework by which economic, ecological and social values may be incorporated into the decision making process. There are sectors of the marine leisure and recreation industry (sub-aqua diving, sea angling and wildlife watching), which depend on the presence of natural marine resources in order to carry out their activity. Estimating the value of this direct use can provide an evidence base for the sustainable use of marine biodiversity when set against other competing economic interests in marine spatial planning. In the case study area of Lyme Bay, the marine leisure and recreation industry has been valued using both monetary and non-monetary methods. The results show that the leisure and recreation industry is dependent on the diversity of sites (many of which are currently unmanaged) and that the industry is of economic significance and an area which has recently been closed to trawling activity enables the protection of some of the most valuable sites but has limited benefits for protecting the full resource base upon which this local industry depends. 相似文献
2.
象山港因其特殊的地理环境及功能特性, 富营养化问题突出, 以往以营养盐为指标的评价不能有效反映象山港的实际情况, 因此亟须对其富营养化水平开展客观、准确的评价和研究。文章利用2001年—2015年间象山港海域监测数据, 根据我国水体富营养化研究现状与评价标准, 结合象山港实际情况, 对部分指标进行改进, 构建了新的压力-状态-响应模型。应用该评价模型, 研究了象山港水体富营养化压力程度, 建立了以叶绿素a为初级症状指标, 以底层溶解氧和赤潮发生情况为次级症状指标的富营养化状态等级。同时, 结合象山港实施海域海岸带整治、五水共治、污染物总量控制及减排等因素预测了富营养化响应状况。结果显示, 在“优、良、中、差、劣”五个富营养化等级中, 象山港综合评价等级为中等富营养化程度。其中, 压力、状态、响应的评价等级均为中级。通过预测, 未来几年象山港富营养化综合评价等级也基本维持在中等水平。该评价结果较好地反映了象山港水体富营养化压力和症状水平, 其结论更符合实际, 有助于政府部门对海域富营养化进行科学和有针对性的管理。 相似文献
3.
On the basis of the polynomial approximation of the dispersion relation for gravity waves, a generalized version of Berkhoff's model for a non-stationary case has been obtained. The standard problem of the transition of a wave from deep water into shallow water in a basin with a slowly varying topography is applied to study analytically Berkhoff's model polynomial approximations. It has been demonstrated that all qualitative characteristics of wave transformation can be described in the framework of this model.Translated by V. Puchkin. 相似文献
4.
海岛资源的可持续发展研究是海洋开发与管理的重要课题。为优化配置海岛资源,促进海岛开发利用和生态环境保护的协调发展,文章对国内外海岛生态脆弱性研究的概念化过程、研究框架和评价方法进行综述,并在此基础上提出研究展望。研究结果表明:脆弱性的概念已由单一维度的自然系统或社会系统向2个维度的社会-生态交互系统拓展,海岛生态脆弱性的概念化过程具有同样的演进轨迹,但尚未清晰地揭示2个维度之间的多因素耦合关系;目前海岛生态脆弱性的研究框架多是已有脆弱性研究框架的延伸和拓展,尚未出现专门的研究框架;已有的生态脆弱性评价方法主要包括综合指数法、函数模型法、图层叠置法、情景分析法和系统动力学等,但缺乏适用于评价海岛生态脆弱性时空动态特征的方法;针对上述不足,未来海岛生态脆弱性研究应着重统一基本概念并构建专门的研究框架,在理清海岛生态脆弱性动态变化机制的基础上,完善评价指标体系和评价方法,并加强管理调控研究。 相似文献
5.
Lectotype optimization of offshore platforms is of particular importance in the concept design process. Lectotype optimization involves multiple objectives with uncertainty and so is a problem of multiple attribute decision making. To date, there have been few published works on this topic in the context of offshore engineering. This paper develops a framework and methodology for evaluation of offshore platform alternatives, where a fuzzy optimum model is proposed to integrate the influence of each objective in the criteria set, and a new weight-assessing method is developed to mimic the decision maker’s experience and preference based on complementary pairwise comparisons. A case study shows that the new framework and methodology is scientific, reasonable and easy to use in practice. 相似文献
6.
《Marine Policy》2017
Increasingly, natural resource management decision making is being undertaken by management committees that consist of a range of stakeholder groups. Representatives on these committees potentially have widely differing objective preferences. Consequently, there exists the potential for management decisions to be affected not only by the type of representation, but by the individuals themselves. In this paper, the robustness of management decision making to both the stakeholder representation and the individual representatives is tested using the case of fisheries management, for which a number of studies have been undertaken in Australia to assess objective preferences within a multi-objective framework. The results suggest that, in most cases, management decisions are robust to membership, but in a small number of instances the actual composition of individuals in a committee may result in different decisions. 相似文献
7.
S. G. Chung P. H. Giao T. S. Nagaraj J. M. Kwag 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):237-254
Large scale reclamation works in coastal areas of the Nakdong River plain are at various stages of progress, since early 1990's on in-situ soft marine clay deposits. These deposits are of the order of 30 to 40 m thick. A realistic rapid characterization of soft ground would ensure success of any reclamation work in this area. In order to cope with the work carried out with different agencies, it is desirable to evolve a systematic methodology. In this study, engineering properties of clays at three coastal areas, Gadukdo, Noksan and Shinho, have been generated. The analysis of data has been done within the framework of classical developments in soil mechanics. Analysis has also been made by making use of the recent developments in dealing with soft clays. The dominant factors, namely, stress, time, and environment influencing the response of clay to loading are identified. 相似文献
8.
S. G. Chung P. H. Giao T. S. Nagaraj J. M. Kwag 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2002,20(4):237-254
Large scale reclamation works in coastal areas of the Nakdong River plain are at various stages of progress, since early 1990's on in-situ soft marine clay deposits. These deposits are of the order of 30 to 40 m thick. A realistic rapid characterization of soft ground would ensure success of any reclamation work in this area. In order to cope with the work carried out with different agencies, it is desirable to evolve a systematic methodology. In this study, engineering properties of clays at three coastal areas, Gadukdo, Noksan and Shinho, have been generated. The analysis of data has been done within the framework of classical developments in soil mechanics. Analysis has also been made by making use of the recent developments in dealing with soft clays. The dominant factors, namely, stress, time, and environment influencing the response of clay to loading are identified. 相似文献
9.
《Marine Policy》2017
The Pacific Island Regional Ocean Policy (PIROP), which was released in 2002, provided the framework for ocean governance in the Pacific region. Since then there have been a myriad of policy documents and institutional arrangements that have been developed to address ocean governance issues, however, little progress has occurred with regard to the actual implementation of PIROP. This paper examines the region's progress in establishing integrated oceans management, and how this fits with the use of marine spatial planning and area based management tools, such as marine protected areas. It argues that policy making in this region encounters the usual difficulties with integrated policy approaches experienced elsewhere but that these difficulties are further accentuated when applied to developing nations that are highly dependent on external support. It suggests a way forward for the future with development of action plans, implementation and the practical application of those plans including a regional contextualisation/analysis of progress against regional objectives. 相似文献
10.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2006,49(3-4):133-146
The need to rapidly and accurately identify areas for protection and conservation in the marine environment has been highlighted as of critical importance. Managers require timely and cost-effective techniques to obtain biodiversity information at appropriate scales and resolutions aligned with management objectives and stakeholders requirements. In this paper, a two-stage, multi-level data collection framework is presented that will aid managers to focus on what marine biodiversity collection techniques will meet their individual jurisdictional needs.The framework begins with an integrated planning process (objective setting, stakeholder identification, and sensitivity and gap analyses), that leads to a hierarchical approach for selecting biodiversity assessment techniques that will gather required marine biodiversity data. Complexity of scale and resolution increases as one progress's through the hierarchical levels of Stage II. The utility of using a hierarchical framework is that it surmounts the problem that no single technique can quantify all biological attributes necessary for management outcomes. Also, the user enters the framework at a hierarchical level that meets their requirements thus removing the collection of redundant data. Ultimately, the rapid assessment framework is based on the efficient and sufficient assessment of marine biodiversity. 相似文献
11.
《Marine Policy》2015
This paper presents the Biogeographic Assessment Framework (BAF), a decision support process for marine spatial planning (MSP), developed through two decades of close collaborations between scientists and marine managers. Spatial planning is a considerable challenge for marine stewardship agencies because of the need to synthesize information on complex socio-ecological patterns across geographically broad spatial scales. This challenge is compounded by relatively short time-frames for implementation and limited financial and technological resources. To address this pragmatically, BAF provides a rapid, flexible and multi-disciplinary approach to integrate geospatial information into formats and visualization tools readily useable for spatial planning. Central to BAF is four sequential components: (1) Planning; (2) Data Evaluation; (3) Ecosystem Characterization; and (4) Management Applications. The framework has been applied to support the development of several marine spatial plans in the United States and Territories. This paper describes the structure of the BAF framework and the associated analytical techniques. Two management applications are provided to demonstrate the utility of BAF in supporting decision making in MSP. 相似文献
12.
文章综述自党的十八大以来我国海洋预报减灾事业的发展情况,包括海洋预报减灾体制机制建设、海洋观测能力、海洋预警报公共服务水平、海洋减灾综合管理能力、海洋领域应对气候变化工作和海洋防灾减灾国际治理能力等方面;在此基础上,对海洋预报减灾工作提出完善体制机制、优化顶层设计、形成有机有序业务体系和提升海洋环境保障工作水平的要求。 相似文献
13.
Anna Marson 《Ocean & Coastal Management》1996,30(2-3)
The process of eutrophication in the Adriatic Sea Basin has emerged over recent decades as a problem that demands special consideration and treatment; one of the most important reasons is the damage to the economy due to its undesired effects.Scientific knowledge concerning this process, while not exhaustive, is sufficient as a basis for directing action. But the experience acquired to date demonstrates that scientific knowledge alone cannot steer practical action, assuring the use of all existing (limited) knowledge to define the best practicable actions in a given time and place. In other terms, the institutional framework has not been able to use this knowledge for improving the environmental state of the Basin.To overcome this unsatisfactory situation, a different definition of the problem is proposed, as well as a different way for designing suitable solutions. 相似文献
14.
《Marine Policy》2013
Marine governance involves interaction between networks and actors from different types and levels of organizations. The concept of multi-level or network governance steps away from the assumptions that supra-national and national government at the macro level is the dominant policy making unit. At all levels information is crucial, among others to overcome social dilemmas of collective action in marine resource use and management. In this paper theories of multi-level governance, of collective action, of trust and of information economics will be linked to the idea of the increasing importance of information, information technologies and information processes in environmental governance, which is termed ‘informational governance’. This linking of theories and concepts results in a new and innovative framework to better understand the changing role of information in marine resource management, enterprises, institutions and actual practices of governance. The framework will help to investigate the effectiveness of informational governance in solving problems related to marine resources. 相似文献
15.
This research is an effort to develop a Risk Management-based Decision Analysis (RMDA) framework based on the common fundamental elements that define the nature of resilience in Port Infrastructure Systems (PIS). While developing a systematic process for making strategic and investment decisions, RMDA guides the decision-makers to identify, analyze, and prioritize risks involved in PIS operations; to define ways for risk mitigation, plan for contingencies, and devise mechanisms for continuously monitoring and controlling risk factors and threats to the system; and to value the adopted resilience investment plans and strategies. Our suggested RMDA framework is a policy making tool that utilizes a Decision Tree Analysis (DTA) methodology for assessing the cost-effectiveness of the devised strategies. 相似文献
16.
17.
Fuzzy Optimum Model of Semi-Structural Decision for Lectotype Optimization of Offshore Platforms 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
In the process of concept design of offshore platforms, it is necessary to select the best from feasible alternatives through comparison and filter. The criterion set, used to evaluate and select the satisfying alternative, consists of many qualitative and quantitative factors. Therefore, the selection is a problem of multicriteria and semi- structural decision- making. Different from traditional methods in semi- structural decision- making, a new framework and methodology is presented in this paper for evaluation of offshore platform alternatives. First, the criterion set is established for the evaluation of alternatives. Next, the approach is studied to construct the relative membership degree matrix, in which both qualitative and quantitative factors are consistent with the uniform calculating standard. And then a new weight-assessing method is developed for calculation of the weights based on the relative membership degree matrix. Finally, a multi-hierarchy fuzzy optimum model is adopted to select t 相似文献
18.
《Marine Policy》2017
Robust environmental management of deep-sea mining projects must be integrated into the planning and execution of mining operations, and developed concurrently. It should follow a framework indicating the environmental management-related activities necessary at each project phase, and their interrelationships. An environmental management framework with this purpose is presented in this paper; it facilitates the development of environmental information and decision-making throughout the phases of a mining project. It is based environmental management frameworks used in allied industries, but adjusted for unique characteristics of deep-sea mining. It defines the gathering and synthesis of information and its use in decision-making, and employs a conceptual model as a growing repository of claim-specific information. The environmental management activities at each phase have been designed to enable the implementation of the precautionary approach in decision making, while facilitating review of adaptive management measures to improve environmental management as the quantity and quality of data increases and technologies are honed. This framework will ensure fairness and uniformity in the application of environmental standards, assist the regulator in its requirements to protect the environment, and benefit contractors and financiers by reducing uncertainty in the process. 相似文献
19.
《Marine Policy》2014
According to the United Nations (UN) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, there has been a dramatic decline in global biodiversity. The UN has made a global appeal for all countries to mitigate their impact on the environment. Marine environmental protection is one of the most critical and urgent issues in the world and many countries have commenced establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) by implementing ecosystem-based management (EBM) concepts. MPA planning has been considered one of the simplest and most effective methods to protect marine environments. Taiwan has recently developed policies that have focused on its marine environment, and there are plans to increase the size of Taiwan׳s MPAs to 20% of its total ocean territory by 2020, thereby achieving a sustainable ocean. To achieve this goal, the government must address specific difficulties associated with the location of MPAs and relevant zoning strategies. This study establishes MPA protection principles and a zoning framework for MPAs in Taiwan by using Gueishan Island in Yilan County as a case study site to examine specific zoning strategies. The protection of 3 objectives (hydrothermal vents, cetacean, and fisheries resources) is discussed in this paper. Multi-criteria spatial analysis and a geographic information system are applied to identify the most crucial area to protect. To understand the stakeholders׳ opinions and concerns regarding the proposed zoning framework, this research conducted in-depth interviews with experts and stakeholders. MPAs zoning strategies are formulated at the conclusion of this study that could assist in protecting critical marine resources and avoiding conflicts among various usages of the marine area. 相似文献
20.
A new approach for the solution of the two-dimensional guillotine-cutting problem in ship production
A. Cemil Dikili 《Ocean Engineering》2004,31(8-9):1193-1203
A new approach has been developed for the arrangement of rectangular pieces in plates for the guillotine-cutting problem as encountered in ship production and similar manufacturing processes. The algorithm is quite novel in the sense that instead of making preliminary specifications and ignoring all the alternative arrangements, as is the case for most of the current models, it selectively considers feasible arrangements by eliminating the majority of the probable arrangements that render the problem insolvable. Intermediate steps of the algorithm produce results which cannot be obtained through integer programming. Losses are distributed to the minimum number of plates. The number of arrangement plans is also minimized. Overall the solution of the problem has been drastically simplified to allow even hand calculations instead of long computer runs. 相似文献