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1.
Variation in Summer Rainfall in North China during the Period 1956-2007 and Links with Atmospheric Circulation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Using gauge precipitation data and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, the interdecadal changes in summer precipitation during the period 1956-2007 in North China and the link with atmospheric circulation change over Eurasia are studied. Results show that precipitation amounts decreased by 16.2 mm per decade, which was attributable to a significant reduction in precipitation frequency. Contrary wave trains were found in the subtropical westerly jet (wave guide) over Eurasia for the wet and dry years of North China. ... 相似文献
2.
初夏至盛夏东亚副热带西风急流突变早晚与东亚环流异常的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1961-2004年NCEP／NCAR再分析逐候资料和全国160站月平均降水资料,分析了初夏至盛夏东亚副热带急流北跳和急流中心西移发生早晚对7月东亚大气环流和我国降水的影响。结果表明,急流北跳时间与7月长江中下游地区降水异常正相关,急流中心西移时间则与7月淮河流域降水异常正相关,与华北和河套地区降水异常负相关。急流北跳时间与南亚高压和西太平洋副热带高压南北位置异常及高纬贝加尔湖以东高压脊强度相关;而急流中心西移时间与南亚高压和西太平洋副热带高压的东西伸展及贝加尔湖以西高压脊强度相关,在急流中心西移偏晚年,南亚高压西缩,贝加尔湖西南侧高压脊增强,南下至华北和河套地区冷空气偏强,且西太平洋副热带高压东撤,冷暖空气在淮河流域交汇,使得华北和河套地区降水减少而淮河流域降水偏多;偏早年情况与偏晚年情况相反。 相似文献
3.
2006年夏季主要天气系统及环流特征分析 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
简要介绍了2006年夏季的主要天气过程和形势。2006年夏季我国华南地区出现严重洪涝,淮河流域、东北大部、河套西部降雨异常偏多,而长江流域降雨偏少。6月造成华南地区强降雨的影响天气系统为切变线和地面静止锋,7、8月则为台风。2006年的梅雨期在典型梅雨常见的中高纬度乌拉尔山和鄂霍次克海阻塞高压均未建立,中高纬度高压位于贝加尔湖以西,低纬度副高位置比气候平均稍偏北。华北地区的暴雨过程多为低槽冷锋造成。东北地区多低涡活动。2006年夏季登陆我国的台风偏早、偏多、偏强,特别是4号台风“碧利斯”和8号台风“桑美”给我国造成了巨大的经济损失。与2005年相比,2006年我国西南地区的高温日数异常偏多,四川、重庆出现了特大伏旱,华北地区的高温日数偏少,但也出现了持续闷热天气,江南部分地区的高温天数也偏多,东北基本未出现高温天气。 相似文献
4.
中国东部—西太平洋副热带季风和降水的气候特征及成因分析 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
利用1981—2000年候平均NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和CMAP全球降水资料,分析了从中国东部大陆到西太平洋副热带地区季风和降水季节变化的特征及其与热带季风降水的关系,探讨了季风建立和加强的原因。夏季东亚—西太平洋盛行的西南风开始于江南和西太平洋副热带的春初,并向北扩展到中纬度,热带西南风范围向北扩展的迹象不明显。从冬到夏,中国西部和西太平洋副热带的表面加热季节变化可以使副热带对流层向西的温度梯度反转比热带早,使西南季风在副热带最早开始;从大气环流看,青藏高原东侧低压槽的加强和向东延伸,以及西太平洋副热带高压的加强和向西移动,都影响着副热带西南季风的开始和发展;初夏江南的南风向北扩展与副热带高压向北移动有关,随着高原东侧低压槽向南延伸,槽前的偏南风范围向南扩展。随着副热带季风建立和向北扩展,其最大风速中心前方的低层空气质量辐合和水汽辐合以及上升运动也加强和向北移动,导致降水加强和雨带向北移动。热带季风雨季开始晚,主要维持在热带而没有明显进入副热带,江淮梅雨不是由热带季风雨带直接向北移动而致,而是由春季江南雨带北移而致。在热带季风爆发前,副热带季风区水汽输送主要来自中南半岛北部和中国华南沿海,而在热带季风爆发后,水汽输送来自孟加拉湾和热带西太平洋。 相似文献
5.
Characteristics of Subtropical Monsoon and Rainfall over Eastern China and Western North Pacific 
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下载免费PDF全文 Using the NCAR/NCEP (National Center for Atmospheric Research/National Centers for Environmental
Prediction) reanalysis and the NOAA Climate Prediction Center's merged analysis of precipitation (CMAP)during 1981-2000, we investigated the seasonal evolution of the southwesterly wind and associated precipitation over the eastern China-subtropical western North Pacific area and its relationship with the tropical monsoon and rainfall, and analyzed the reasons responsible for the onset and development of the wind. It was found that the persistent southwesterly wind appears over southern China and the subtropical western Pacific the earliest in early spring, and then expands southwards to the tropics and advances northward to the midlatitudes. From winter to summer, the seasonal variation of surface heating over western China and the subtropical western Pacific may result in an earlier reversal of the westward tropospheric temperature gradient over the subtropics relative to the tropics, which may contribute to the earliest beginning of the subtropical southwesterly wind. Additionally, the strengthening and eastward expanding of the trough near the
eastern Tibetan Plateau as well as the strengthening and westward moving of the western Pacific subtropical high also exert positive influences on the beginning and development of the subtropical southwesterly wind.In early summer,the northward expansion of the southwesterly wind over southern China is associated with a northward shift of the subtropical high, while the southward stretch of the southwesterly wind is associated with a southward stretch of the trough in the eastern side of the plateau. With the beginning and northward expansion of the subtropical southwesterly wind (namely southwest monsoon), convergences of the low-level air and water vapor and associated upward motion in front of the strongest southwesterly wind core also strengthen and move northward, leading to an increase in rainfall intensity and a northward shift of the rain belt. Accordingly, the subtropical rainy season occurs the earliest over southern China in spring, moves northward to the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley in early summer, and arrives in North China in mid summer.Compared with the subtropical rainy season, the tropical rainy season begins later and stays mainly over the tropics, not pronouncedly moving into the subtropics. Clearly, the Meiyu rainfall over the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley in early summer results from a northward shift of the spring rain belt over southern China,instead of a northward shift of the tropical monsoon rain belt. Before the onset of the tropical monsoon,water vapor over the subtropical monsoon region comes mainly from the coasts of the northern Indo-China Peninsula and southern China. After the onset, one branch of the water vapor flow comes from the Bay of Bengal, entering into eastern China and the subtropical western Pacific via southwestern China and the South China Sea, and another branch comes from the tropical western North Pacific, moving northwestward along the west edge of the western Pacific subtropical high and entering into the subtropics. 相似文献
6.
Ki-Seon Choi Chun-Chieh Wu Yuqing Wang 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2011,47(4):391-397
The effect of ENSO on landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Korean Peninsula is examined. It is found that although the landfalling frequency does not show any statistically significant difference among ENSO phases, the landfalling tracks are shifted northward in response to the decrease in Niño-3.4 index. In the neutral ENSO phase, many TCs pass through mainland China before landfalling over the Korean Peninsula due to the westward expansion of the western North Pacific subtropical high. Therefore, the landfalling TC intensity over the Korean Peninsula in the neutral phase is similar to that in the La Niña phase because more than half of those TCs made landfall over mainland China. However, it is found that the preceding winter ENSO phases are not related to the landfalling TC activity over the Korean Peninsula during summer. 相似文献
7.
利用中国160站1951-2005年的逐月降水资料,以华北17站夏季降水异常为研究对象,在对其时空变化特征进行分析的基础上,探讨了影响其异常的同期因子——该地区上空大尺度环流异常特征.研究结果表明,华北夏季降水在55a里总的趋势是减少的,该地区干旱化的趋势明显,华北夏季降水存在准3a、准6a、准8a的年际周期和17～19a的年代际振荡周期。在华北夏季降水异常的年份,其降水通常与江南和华南的呈现反位相。在低层850hPa,当贝加尔湖地区的东北气流、中南半岛的西南气流及青藏高原北侧的偏西气流较常年偏强时,华北夏季降水较常年偏多;中层500hPa,副热带高压较常年偏弱、偏北、偏西,冷空气偏强,低纬热带季风活跃,南方水汽也供应充沛,从而华北多雨. 相似文献
8.
This study investigates the circulation and precipitation anomalies associated with different configurations of the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) and the East Asian westerly jet(EAJ) in summer on interannual timescales. The in-phase configuration of the WNPSH and EAJ is characterized by the westward(eastward) extension of the WNPSH and the southward(northward) shift of the EAJ, which is consistent with the general correspondence between their variations. The out-of-phase configuration includes the residual cases. We find that the in-phase configuration manifests itself as a typical meridional teleconnection. For instance, there is an anticyclonic(cyclonic) anomaly over the tropical western North Pacific and a cyclonic(anticyclonic) anomaly over the mid-latitudes of East Asia in the lower troposphere. These circulation anomalies are more conducive to rainfall anomalies over the Yangtze River basin and south Japan than are the individual WNPSH or EAJ. By contrast, for the out-of-phase configuration, the mid-latitude cyclonic(anticyclonic) anomaly is absent, and the lower-tropospheric circulation anomalies feature an anticyclonic(cyclonic)anomaly with a large meridional extension. Correspondingly, significant rainfall anomalies move northward to North China and the northern Korean Peninsula. Further results indicate that the out-of-phase configuration is associated with the developing phase of ENSO, with strong and significant sea surface temperature(SST) anomalies in the tropical central and eastern Pacific which occur simultaneously during summer and persist into the following winter. This is sharply different from the in-phase configuration, for which the tropical SSTs are not a necessity. 相似文献
9.
1991年江淮梅雨与副热带高压的低频振荡 总被引：47，自引：4，他引：43
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和观测的台站降水资料研究了1991年梅雨期间江淮洪涝区降水的季节内振荡及其环流特征,着重考察了不同层次副热带高压的低频变化与降水的关系。小波分析表明1991年江淮梅雨期间降水低频振荡的主周期是15~35 d。在低空,15~35 d振荡以异常反气旋(气旋)的形式在中国东南沿海地区交替出现,调控着西太平洋副热带高压进入(退出)南海。低空的这种低频环流型与高空的偶极型涡旋对相耦合,偶极型涡旋对使得南亚高压东伸(西退),形成有利(不利)江淮流域降水的环流形势。江淮流域降水的低频振荡与500hPa北太平洋副热带高压的低频变化及其传播密切相关。当北太平洋西部的位势高度偏高、中部位势高度偏低时,江淮流域降水偏多;反之偏少。这种低频振荡可能起源于北太平洋中部夏威夷群岛附近,然后沿着副热带高压脊线附近向西传播到中国东南沿海。 相似文献
10.
对1991年5-7月江淮流域持续性暴雨的环流异常进行分析,比较造成此次洪涝的水汽输送和冷空气活动重要性。结果表明：（1）东亚大槽维持在中国东北上空发展明显,同时鄂霍次克海上空没有建立强大阻高,这种形势有利于冷空气持续向南侵袭,盛行经向环流。此外,低纬度地区,西太平洋副热带高压主体位置于常年同期相比,明显偏西、偏强,有利于暖湿气流沿副热带高压北上到达江淮流域,与北方冷空气辐合形成强降水。（2）通过定义IT和Iq分别表征温度与水汽对降水的贡献,发现此次江淮流域地区强降水是由对流层低层水汽异常增多和气温异常偏低共同造成的,作用基本相当。 相似文献
11.
江淮流域梅雨期降水与10—30d低频振荡的联系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1961--2010年中国756站逐日降水资料和NCEP／NCAR逐日再分析资料,分析了江淮流域梅雨期降水与10～30d低频振荡的关系。结果表明,梅雨偏多年降水具有明显的10～30d的周期变化,低频振荡经向上的北传和纬向上的西传与江淮流域梅雨期降水的活跃及中断关系密切。在梅雨偏多年,低层10～30d振荡主要通过南海低频反气旋和日本海低频气旋对江淮流域降水产生影响,并调控着西太平洋副热带高压的西进、东退,进而影响输送到江淮流域的水汽强度及冷暖空气在江淮流域的汇合;而高层,亚洲大陆中纬度地区东西向的低频气旋和反气旋影响着南亚高压的位置,从而形成江淮流域低频降水的强弱变化。 相似文献
12.
2023年夏季,我国气候特征整体表现为“温高雨少”,区域性、阶段性高温、旱涝等气象灾害明显。降水的空间分布差异显著,主要多雨区位于我国北方,松花江、海河流域出现严重汛情。生成和登陆台风频数均较常年同期偏少,但北上台风却对京津冀等地造成极其严重的雨涝灾害。2023年夏季我国气温为1961年以来历史次高,北方地区暖异常明显,华北、西北等地区阶段性高温热浪尤为突出。华北、东北地区降水偏多是由不同环流系统造成的。其中,华北南部降水异常偏多主要由7月底至8月初一次极为罕见的天气尺度持续性极端降水过程所致,台风杜苏芮和卡努外围环流与异常偏西、偏北的西太平洋副热带高压相配合,再加上太行山东麓的地形效应是其主要原因。盛夏东北东部异常偏南风引导的水汽输送在整个对流层都异常偏强,造成东北北部和东部降水明显偏多,这一异常环流与初夏巴伦支海海冰密集度减小及盛夏西北太平洋海温异常偏暖均有一定关联。 相似文献
13.
During June–July 2020, the strongest recorded mei-yu rainfall occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The rainfall processes exhibited an obvious quasi-biweekly(biweekly in brief) variability, and there are altogether five cycles. It is found that the biweekly rainfall cycle mainly arises from the collaborative effects of biweekly variabilities from both the tropics and extratropics. As for the tropics, the biweekly meridional march and retreat of the western Pacific subtr... 相似文献
14.
This study examines the features and dynamical processes of subseasonal zonal oscillation of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) during early summer, by performing a multivariate empirical orthogonal function (MVEOF) analysis on daily winds and a diagnosis on potential vorticity (PV) at 500 hPa for the period 1979–2016. The first MV-EOF mode is characterized by an anticyclonic anomaly occupying southeastern China to subtropical western North Pacific regions. It has a period of 10–25 days and represents zonal shift of the WPSH. When the WPSH stretches more westward, the South Asian high (SAH) extends more eastward. Above-normal precipitation is observed over the Yangtze–Huaihe River (YHR) basin. Suppressed convection with anomalous descending motion is located over the subtropical western North Pacific. The relative zonal movement of the SAH and the WPSH helps to establish an anomalous local vertical circulation of ascending motion with upper-level divergence over the YHR basin and descending motion with upper-level convergence over the subtropical western Pacific. The above local vertical circulation provides a dynamic condition for persistent rainfall over the YHR basin. An enhanced southwest flow over the WPSH’s western edge transports more moisture to eastern China, providing a necessary water vapor condition for the persistent rainfall over the YHR basin. A potential vorticity diagnosis reveals that anomalous diabatic heating is a main source for PV generation. The anomalous cooling over the subtropical western Pacific produces a local negative PV center at 500 hPa. The anomalous heating over the YHR basin generates a local positive PV center. The above south–north dipolar structure of PV anomaly along with the climatological southerly flow leads to northward advection of negative PV. These two processes are conducive to the WPSH’s westward extension. The vertical advection process is unfavorable to the westward extension but contributes to the eastward retreat of the WPSH. 相似文献
15.
本文采用EOF-CCA方法研究了12-2月份北太平洋海温场与中国5月降水指数之间的相关关系。研究结果表明：12月海温与中国5月降水有较好的相关关系。赤道东太平洋和日本以东洋面的海温与中国东部地区的降水正相关，与中国华南、云南和西部地区的降水负相关。相反，东北太平洋、菲律宾以东洋面和墨西哥以西洋面的海温与中国东部地区的降水负相关，与中国华南、云南和西部地区的降水正相关。上述5个海区的太平洋前期海温对中国5月降水有影响的海温关键区。前期海温异常将影响到5月中高纬度的西风带波动和低纬西太平洋副热带高压的强度、位置、从而导致中国5月降水空间分布的异常。 相似文献
16.
通过对观测资料和大气再分析资料的诊断分析,研究了影响江西省夏季降水变率的物理机制。结果表明江西省夏季降水存在显著的年际变率。极端条件下,降水偏多的夏季可达降水偏少的夏季的降水量的三倍。中纬度地区的准静止波列和热带关键海区的海温异常是造成江西夏季降水异常的主要原因。当江西省夏季降水偏多时,欧亚大陆地区存在"正—负—正"的准正压Rossby波列结构,位于贝加尔湖的正活动中心能引导干冷空气南下,从而有利于江南地区的锋生和江西降水的增加。此外,当江西省夏季降水偏多时,前期冬季中东太平洋地区有El Ni1o事件的活动,并能通过大气桥在夏季印度洋地区形成正海温异常。通过"印度洋电容器"机制,印度洋的暖海温能激发向东传播的Kelvin波,引起菲律宾地区降水的减少。菲律宾地区抑制的降水能激发向北传播的EAP/PJ波列,使得西太平洋副热带高压西伸增强,从而有利于水汽向江南地区的输送,并造成江西夏季的降水增加。 相似文献
17.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 选择了1998年、2003年和2005年夏季我国东部雨带位置变化过程进行诊断分析。研究表明:夏季我国东部暴雨带位置的变动, 受西太平洋副热带高压西伸北跳 (南撤东退) 的调节。当副热带高压西伸北跳 (南撤东退) 时, 暴雨带向北 (向南) 移动。在副热带高压西伸北跳持续时期, 长江流域中下游地区出现高温酷暑天气。副热带高压西伸北跳是由于欧亚大陆上空存在静止Rossby波列, 波的能量沿着高空副热带急流向东传播到我国沿海海岸 (115°~130°E) 时, 在该地区激发出一个长波脊。这个长波脊的建立, 使得副热带高压和对流层上部的青藏高压都朝长波脊方向伸展, 表现为“相向”而行。而当在沿海海岸上空激发出一个长波槽时, 副热带高压南撤东退而青藏高压退回到高原上空。当夏季沿海海岸上空的长波脊持续维持时, 长江中下游会出现持久的高温酷暑天气。根据夏季天气预报的经验, 欧洲中期数值预报中心发布的预报对副热带高压的西伸北跳有较好的可预报性。 相似文献
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利用中国北方季风区46站盛夏降水观测资料,采用经验正交函数分解（EOF）、合成分析和相关分析等方法,将盛夏北方季风区划分为4类雨型:A型全区一致偏多、B型全区一致偏少、C型华北偏多东北偏少和D型华北偏少东北偏多,并对比分析了四类雨型同期大气环流和前期至同期海温演变特征的差异,以探讨其形成机制及前期预测信号。结果表明:四类雨型对应的东亚大气环流和海温演变具有明显的差异。A型年:东亚副热带西风急流（西风急流）和西太平洋副热带高压（西太副高）位置偏北,东亚夏季风偏强,欧亚中高纬以纬向环流为主,北方季风区低层辐合、高层辐散,冷暖空气在北方季风区辐合;从前冬至夏季,赤道中东太平洋类似于东部型La Ni?a发展年的海温异常分布,北大西洋海温三极子模态（NAT）负位相逐渐形成;B型年则基本相反。C（D）型年:西风急流异常偏北（略偏南）,西太副高偏西（东）偏北,华北盛行西南（西北）风,东北盛行东北（东南）风,华北地区对流层低层辐合（辐散）高层辐散（辐合）,东北地区对流层低层辐散（辐合）高层辐合（辐散）,东北冷涡较弱（活跃）;从前冬至夏季,赤道中东太平洋和印度洋逐渐由暖海温向冷海温转变（El Ni?o分布形态逐渐形成）。 相似文献
20.
Longitudinal Displacement of the Subtropical High in the Western Pacific in Summer and its Influence 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Using the relative vorticity averaged over a certain area, a new index for measuring the longitudinal position of the subtropical high (SH) in the western Pacific is proposed to avoid the increasing trend of heights in the previous indices based on geopotential height. The years of extreme westward and eastward extension of SH using the new index are in good agreement with those defined by height index. There exists a distinct difference in large-scale circulation between the eastward and westward extension of SH under the new definition, which includes not only the circulation in the middle latitudes but also the flow in the lower latitudes. It seems that when the SH extends far to the east (west), the summer monsoon in the South China Sea is stronger (weaker) and established earlier (later). In addition, there exists a good relationship between the longitudinal position of SH and the summer rainfall in China. A remarkable negative correlation area appears in the Changjiang River valley, indicating that when the SH extends westward (eastward), the precipitation in that region increases (decreases). A positive correlation region is found in South China, showing the decrease of rainfall when the SH extends westward. On the other hand, the rainfall is heavier when the SH retreats eastward. However, the anomalous longitudinal position of SH is not significantly related to the precipitation in North China. The calculation of correlation coefficients between the index of longitudinal position of SH and surface temperature in China shows that a large area of positive values, higher than 0.6 in the center, covers the whole of North China, even extending eastward to the Korean Peninsula and Japan Islands when using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data to do the correlation calculation. This means that when the longitudinal position of the SH withdraws eastward in summer, the temperature over North China is higher. On the other hand, when it moves westward, the temperature there is lower. This could explain the phenomenon of the seriously high temperatures over North China during recent summers, because the longitudinal position of SH in recent summers was located far away from the Asian continent. Another region with large negative correlation coefficients is found in South China. 相似文献