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1.
地震尺度下碳酸盐岩储层的岩石物理建模方法(英文) 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
碳酸盐岩油藏的强非均质性以及孔隙结构的复杂性,使得作为连接油藏参数与地震参数重要桥梁的岩石物理模型,以及作为油藏预测和定量表征最有效工具的流体替换成为岩石物理建模的难点与重点。在碳酸盐岩储层复杂孔隙结构与地震尺度下碳酸盐岩储层非均质性分析基础上,研究采用岩石网格化方法,将地震尺度下非均质碳酸盐岩储层岩石划分为具有独立岩石参数的均质岩石子体,根据岩石孔隙成因与结构特征采用不同岩石物理模型分步计算岩石子块干岩石弹性模量,并根据不同孔隙连通性进行流体替换,计算饱和不同流体岩石弹性模量。基于计算的岩石子块弹性模量,采用Hashin-Shtrikman-Walpole弹性边界计算理论方法实现地震尺度下碳酸盐岩储层弹性参数计算。通过对含有不同类型孔隙组合碳酸盐岩储层模型的弹性模量进行计算与分析,明确不同孔隙对岩石弹性参数的影响特征,模拟分析结果与实际资料认识一致。 相似文献
2.
非均质气藏中,天然气一般呈"斑块状"分布于含水岩石内部,这种非均匀分布特征会导致地震波显著的频散与衰减现象.为发展适用于碳酸盐岩储层中流体检测的岩石物理模型,本文基于Biot-Rayleigh波动方程,实现了对非饱和岩石的多尺度理论建模,预测了不同尺度下波响应与岩性、流体间的定量联系.将此项建模技术应用于阿姆河右岸的灰岩气藏,给出了多尺度的岩石物理学图板.通过与实验数据、测井精细解释结果及地震数据的对比分析,本文论证了图板的正确性与可适用性.结合叠后波阻抗反演与叠前弹性参数反演,基于地震资料进行了储层含气饱和度与孔隙度的反演,反演结果与各井实际的产气情况吻合. 相似文献
3.
Chapman多尺度岩石物理模型研究认为,不同流体类型饱和的地震响应特征表现为不同的频率变化特征。第一类AVO类型的储层含气地震响应,频谱能量向高频移动形成"高频亮点",第三类AVO类型的储层含油气后的地震响应特征为"低频阴影"。本文以物理模型数据为例,通过频变地震响应特征分析,验证了Chapman第一类AVO响应的"高频亮点"的结果。以实际地质参数为背景,设计砂泥岩薄互层物理模型,分别进行固定炮检距和二维观测得到含不同类型流体的地震数据,采用谱分解技术分析了薄互层物理模型在含气、含水和含油时的频变地震响应特征。物理模型数据处理与分析结果表明,控制地震响应频谱特征的主要机制包括反射波调谐效应和与流体相关的衰减或频散特征。其次,通过对地震数据频变特征分析,可以将第一类AVO储层含气后的频变异常与含水或含油区分开。物理模型实例数据分析证实了不同流体充填后所产生的频谱响应特征异常,因此,通过对实际地震数据的细致分析,可以得到流体类型变化引起的频谱特征异常,实现利用地震数据进行流体检测。 相似文献
4.
天然气在开发过程中,储层有效压力和含气饱和度均会发生变化,研究有效压力和含气饱和度的变化对地震响应特征的影响,在基于时移地震的剩余气分布预测研究中具有重要意义。天然气和石油的声学性质有着明显的差异,油藏时移地震的研究成果不能直接应用于气藏,因此需要开展气藏的时移地震研究。利用Shapiro模型表征干岩石弹性模量随有效压力的变化,借助Batzle-Wang方程描述流体速度随压力的变化关系,联合Gassmann理论进行流体替代,表征饱和流体岩石速度随含气饱和度的变化,建立了饱和流体岩石速度随有效压力和饱和度变化的岩石物理模型。基于该模型,对不同含气饱和度和不同有效压力下的气藏储层模型进行了多波时移地震叠前振幅变化（AVO）模拟。结果表明多波时移地震AVO技术可以有效地区分有效压力变化和含气饱和度变化,为进一步开展气藏多波时移地震流体监测提供了理论参考依据。 相似文献
5.
揭示超深层碳酸盐岩储层的地震岩石物理响应机理可以为深储层测井数据解释、地球物理预测提供物理基础,对于深层油气勘探开发、向地球深部进军都有重要意义.深层致密碳酸盐岩储层面临着高温高压、成岩作用显著、异常压力普遍等新的物理环境,其岩石骨架、储集非均质、以及流体属性都将发生系统的变化.通过对塔里木盆地超深层(>7000 m)样品的弹性性质测量,系统的研究了深层碳酸盐岩储层的压力效应和水饱和流体效应,厘清了控制深层碳酸盐岩储层地震弹性性质的二元主控因素：裂隙发育和流体类型.且这二者呈现明显的耦合关系,裂隙越发育,越有利于识别不同流体的弹性特征.深层碳酸盐岩样品整体显示弱VTI(垂直横向各向同性)各向异性特征(<4%),也反映了在微观尺度上,水平裂隙相较于垂直裂隙对地震各向异性的影响更大.孔隙压力和气油比(GOR)对深层条件下油气流体的弹性响应也有较大影响：油气流体的弹性模量随着气油比的增加呈现明显下降,但随着孔隙压力的增加呈现升高趋势.在深储层地震岩石物理响应机理的基础上,建立了表征深层碳酸盐岩储层二元主控因素的地震岩石物理模型,该模型可以有效的刻画裂隙密度、流体类型对深层碳酸盐岩... 相似文献
6.
裂缝型储层表现出较强的各向异性特征.缝隙中充填不同流体时,裂缝储层的地震响应特征也不相同.本文从各向异性岩石物理模型出发,引入可有效识别缝隙流体的指示因子,并研究缝隙充填流体类型、饱和度以及缝隙纵横比与流体因子的相互关系,进而分析不同流体充填时介质的地震响应特征,并基于AVAZ反演方法估测缝隙流体指示因子.首先对缝隙流体因子的敏感性进行了分析,讨论当缝隙充填不同流体时,缝隙流体因子值的变化特征,同时研究了不同流体类型充填时裂缝储层反射系数随方位角和入射角的变化特征.某工区测井数据和复杂裂缝模型应用表明,基于各向异性岩石物理的缝隙流体因子AVAZ反演方法合理、可靠,且具有良好的抗噪性,即当对合成地震记录添加信噪比不小于1/2的随机噪声时,利用AVAZ反演方法估测所得流体因子值与真实值仍然吻合较好. 相似文献
7.
《地球物理学报》2021,64(6)
地震岩石物理建模作为表征油气储层物性参数与地震参数间映射关系的主流工具,鲜有应用于煤层气储层,关键制约因素在于煤层气储层特有的吸附气和双重孔隙的等效计算问题尚未有效解决.为此,本文将吸附气视为类似煤基质的固相,将双重孔隙分解为基质孔隙和裂隙两部分;尝试利用自相容近似模型计算煤基质、吸附气和基质孔隙混合后煤基质干骨架的等效纵、横波速度,通过Mori-Tanaka模型和Brown-Korringa各向异性流体替换理论加入裂隙和流体,以此构建煤层气储层岩石物理模型.在此基础之上,通过正演模拟分析基质孔隙参数、吸附气含量以及裂隙参数的等效纵、横波速度响应;基于模型反演基质孔隙和裂隙参数,并将基于模型预测的纵、横波速度与实测数据对比,论证所构建的煤层气储层岩石物理模型的合理性.进一步通过制作岩石物理量版,探讨煤层气"甜点区"界定的两个关键参数——吸附气含量和脆性指数与储层物性参数(基质孔隙度、裂隙孔隙度)以及地震参数间的关系.结果表明:吸附气含量的变化引起的纵、横波速度、纵横波速度比和纵波阻抗变化微弱,引起的流体因子参数(λρ和μρ)变化略显著;基质孔隙度变化引起的地震参数响应显著强于吸附气含量;裂隙孔隙度与两种脆性指数间均具有明显的负相关性,可认为是煤层气储层脆性的主要影响因素. 相似文献
8.
实际地震勘探中,储层物性参数的差异是导致地震波响应特征发生变化的根本原因,而建立储层物性参数与地震响应特征之间的联系,需要跨越微观孔隙尺度、介观测井尺度以及宏观地震尺度等三个不同尺度空间.本文基于已知井的岩石物理实验数据和测井数据,利用复杂多孔隙介质理论将微观尺度孔隙岩石粗化到介观测井尺度,利用Backus平均理论将介观测井尺度的模型进一步粗化到宏观地震尺度,最终,得到地震尺度裂缝-多孔隙介质模型.其数值计算结果与测井数据和地震数据的对比表明：基于两级尺度粗化算法的裂缝多孔隙介质模型在给定参数下是有效的,且基于该模型的地震响应特征分析方法能够对储层的地震响应特征随物性参数的变化进行分析. 相似文献
9.
高角度缝隙充填的碳酸盐岩储层可以等效为具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性介质.本文提出了适用于裂缝型碳酸盐岩的岩石物理模型构建流程,重点介绍了在碳酸盐岩各向同性背景中,综合利用微小裂隙模型和线性滑动模型添加缝隙系统,并分析了当缝隙充填不同流体时,各向异性参数随纵横波速比的变化特征.同时本文讨论了裂缝密度和缝隙充填流体对地震反射系数的影响,推导了不同类型流体充填时储层反射系数与裂缝密度的近似关系式,阐述了各向异性流体替换理论,最终实现饱含流体碳酸盐岩裂缝储层的纵横波速度和各向异性参数的估测.选取某碳酸盐岩工区A井对该方法进行试算,结果表明基于碳酸盐岩裂缝岩石物理模型估算的纵横波速度值与测井值吻合较好,而且估测所得的各向异性参数值也能够较好地反映出裂缝储层位置. 相似文献
10.
针对核磁共振测井双TW观测数据分析和流体识别的需要,研究了基于全局搜索的遗传算法和局部搜索的最小二乘法的联合反演算法,实现了核磁共振双TW观测数据处理.首先,研究了饱和油气水岩石物理模型的核磁共振双TW观测模式的测井响应机理;然后,利用全局搜索性能优良的遗传算法, 对核磁共振回波差数据进行了反演,计算出了流体的核磁弛豫性质及其体积;最后,以遗传算法的反演结果为初值, 利用阻尼最小二乘方法对双TW回波串进行更精细的反演,计算出了双TW的T2分布、孔隙度和流体饱和度.理想模型的合成数据和实际测井资料应用表明,遗传算法与最小二乘方法相结合是一种行之有效的联合反演方法,能较好地实现核磁共振测井双TW观测数据的处理和流体评价. 相似文献
11.
求解结构动力响应的小波分解法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文用时程分析、振型迭加和小波变换3种方法,对一个10层建筑结构的地震动力响应进行了计算和比较,三者的结果完全一致,从而说明了线性时不变系统结构动力响应的唯一性定律是正确的。由于时程分析法可以用于非线性系统,而振型分解法只能用于线性系统,小波变换不但可以用于非线性,更可以用来进行多尺度分析的能谱计算,它能使抗震分析从传统的滞回耗能模型,提高到以结构损伤和延性评价的体系上来。 相似文献
12.
In this paper, a numerical method for correlation sensitivity analysis of a nonlinear random vibration system is presented. Based on the first passage failure model, the probability perturbation method is employed to determine the statistical characteristics of failure modes and the correlation between them. The sensitivity of correlation between failure modes with respect to random parameters characterizing the uncertainty of the hysteretic loop is discussed. In a numerical example, a two-DOF shear structure with uncertain hysteretic restoring force is considered. The statistical characteristics of response, failure modes and the sensitivity of random hysteretic loop parameters are provided, and also compared with a Monte Carlo simulation. 相似文献
13.
A two‐step direct method for estimating the seismic response of nonlinear structures equipped with nonlinear viscous dampers 
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下载免费PDF全文 The insertion of fluid viscous dampers in building structures is an innovative technology that can improve significantly the seismic response. These devices could be very useful also in the retrofit of existing buildings. The effect of this typology of damping system is usually identified with an equivalent supplemental damping ratio, which depends on the maximum displacement of the structure, so that iterative procedures are required. In this paper, a simplified direct assessment method for nonlinear structures equipped with nonlinear fluid viscous dampers is proposed. The method proposed in this study is composed by two steps. The first one yields the direct estimate of the supplemental damping ratio provided by nonlinear viscous dampers in presence of a linear elastic structural response. The second step extends the procedure to structures with nonlinear behavior. Both graphical and analytical approaches have been developed. The proposed method has then been verified through several applications and comparisons with nonlinear dynamic analyses. Moreover, an investigation has been performed with regard to the influence of the relations that define the damping reduction factor and the hysteretic damping. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
为研究隔震、减震装置非线性恢复力特性对2自由度主次结构体系均方根位移反应的影响规律,以隔震、减震装置微分型恢复力模式的滞回参数为变量,地震地面运动模拟成高斯白噪声过程,利用等效线性化方法得到主体结构和二次结构均方根位移反应的表达式.分析表明,主体结构隔震装置非线性恢复力特征对主、次结构的均方根位移反应的影响占主导地位;隔震、减震装置的恢复力特征产生适度非线性有利于减小主、次结构的均方根位移反应. 相似文献
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16.
Hysteresis steel dampers are widely used in earthquake-resistant structures, where some of them are anisotropic and capable of sustaining earthquake-induced bidirectional deformation. In this paper, a simplified analytical model is proposed for simulating the hysteretic behavior of U-shaped steel dampers with horizontal bidirectional deformation. The proposed model is composed of a series of shear springs with different nonlinear characteristics in a radial configuration, and the Menegotto–Pinto hysteresis model is employed to represent the hysteretic characteristics of the springs. The mechanical and shape-related parameters of the hysteresis model are set according to the multi-directional deformation characteristics of steel dampers. With the aim of validating the effectiveness and applicability of the analytical model, a U-shaped steel damper was used as an example. The pseudo-static hysteretic characteristics of the steel damping element were analyzed and the elasto-plastic seismic response of a curved bridge featuring a steel hysteresis device was investigated. The results showed that the proposed model is sufficiently accurate to simulate the hysteretic behavior of U-shaped steel dampers, and thus provides a practical method to assess U-shaped steel dampers through seismic response analysis. 相似文献
17.
Parameter identification of hysteretic model of rubber-bearing based on sequential nonlinear least-square estimation 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In order to evaluate the nonlinear performance and the possible damage to rubber-bearings (RBs) during their normal operation
or under strong earthquakes, a simplified Bouc-Wen model is used to describe the nonlinear hysteretic behavior of RBs in this
paper, which has the advantages of being smooth-varying and physically motivated. Further, based on the results from experimental
tests performed by using a particular type of RB (GZN110) under different excitation scenarios, including white noise and
several earthquakes, a new system identification method, referred to as the sequential nonlinear least-square estimation (SNLSE),
is introduced to identify the model parameters. It is shown that the proposed simplified Bouc-Wen model is capable of describing
the nonlinear hysteretic behavior of RBs, and that the SNLSE approach is very effective in identifying the model parameters
of RBs. 相似文献
18.
Direct finite element method for nonlinear analysis of semi‐unbounded dam–water–foundation rock systems 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A direct finite element method is presented for nonlinear earthquake analysis of interacting dam–water–foundation rock systems. The analysis procedure applies viscous damper absorbing boundaries to truncate the semi‐unbounded fluid and foundation‐rock domains and specifies at these boundaries effective earthquake forces determined from the design ground motion defined at a control point on the free surface. The analysis procedure is validated numerically by computing the frequency response functions and transient response of an idealized dam–water–foundation rock system and comparing with results from the substructure method. Because the analysis procedure is applicable to nonlinear systems, it allows for modeling of concrete cracking, as well as sliding and separation at construction joints, lift joints, and at concrete–rock interfaces. Implementation of the procedure is facilitated by commercial finite element software with nonlinear material models that permit modeling of viscous damper boundaries and specification of effective earthquake forces at these boundaries. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Choice between series and parallel connections of hysteretic system and viscous damper for seismic protection of structures 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Supplemental viscous damping devices are generally envisioned to be connected in parallel to the inelastic parent structure or hysteretic damping devices. This gives rise to higher base shear, and often greater ductility demand of the hysteretic system. The series connection of the viscous and hysteretic system (the inelastic structure or a damper) is an alternative approach. In this paper, comparisons between the series and parallel connections of the hysteretic system and viscous dampers are done through response spectra analyses of single degree of freedom structures. Ductility demand of the hysteretic system and the total base shear are chosen as the response quantities. For the series model, a semi‐implicit solution scheme for classical Maxwell model is modified to include the inelasticity of the time‐independent hysteretic spring. It is observed that the series connection of the 2 dampers gives lower base shear than does the parallel connection. For long‐period and low‐damping structures, the ductility demand of the hysteretic system in series connection is higher than that in parallel connection. Increasing the viscous damping in series connection reduces the ductility demand substantially, lower than that obtained in parallel connection. Practical methods for implementing the series and parallel connections, in line with roof isolation, are also suggested. 相似文献