共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
朱志愚 《成都信息工程学院学报》1998,(2)
利用高空大气运动及晴空颠簸区的观测事实,得到适合于晴空颠簸区的湍能倾向方程的简化形式,通过对方程中各项物理意义的分析,提出了一种判断晴空颠簸区的指标,并与以前提出的其他一些判断指标进行比较,获得了一些新的认识。 相似文献
2.
针对风廓线雷达资料分辨率高但目前业务应用不广泛的问题,通过对2006年6月29日一次因飑线天气引发的强降水的观测,分析水平风场、垂直气流和大气虚温的变化,以及高低空急流出现的时机并结合地面观测实况,探讨风廓线雷达资料在此类天气过程中的应用.结果表明,水平风场可以清晰地显示高空急流和低空急流出现的时刻和高度,高空急流区和低空急流区不断发展并相互靠近可以预示阵风锋的到来;垂直速度正值突然增大(气流向上为正,向下为负)并迅速变成负值是判断阵风锋过境的一个依据,同时也预示降水即将开始;另外,高空温度递减率的突然加大对降雨的出现也有一定的预示作用. 相似文献
3.
针对风廓线雷达资料分辨率高但目前业务应用不广泛的问题,通过对2006年6月29日一次因飑线天气引发的强降水的观测,分析水平风场、垂直气流和大气虚温的变化,以及高低空急流出现的时机并结合地面观测实况,探讨风廓线雷达资料在此类天气过程中的应用.结果表明,水平风场可以清晰地显示高空急流和低空急流出现的时刻和高度,高空急流区和低空急流区不断发展并相互靠近可以预示阵风锋的到来;垂直速度正值突然增大(气流向上为正,向下为负)并迅速变成负值是判断阵风锋过境的一个依据,同时也预示降水即将开始;另外,高空温度递减率的突然加大对降雨的出现也有一定的预示作用. 相似文献
4.
5.
唐佑民 《成都信息工程学院学报》1988,(1)
本文使用斜压不稳定的判据和能量方程,对所设计的西风急流模式定性讨论了它的斜压不稳定性,得出了西风急流斜压不稳定的易发生区、西风急流斜压不稳定的发展机制等一些有益的结果。 相似文献
6.
赵岳仁 《成都信息工程学院学报》1993,(3)
盛夏季节,宜宾雷暴的形成主要与对流层内高温高湿、风及其在对流层的中上部垂直切变小的特点相关联。西宁雷暴的形成主要与上层为深厚的干冷、下层为浅薄的暖湿、对流层的中上层风及其垂直切变大的特点相关联。分析又得到以下结论:西宁雷暴的形成又与高空冷空气加强南移、副热带急流南侧反气旋式切变得到加强和高空出现辐散相关联。 相似文献
7.
为了更好的了解暴雨发生的机制且为未来预报奠定基础,需要对暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析.通过利用自动站降水观测资料、台站探空资料和NCEP逐6小时再分析资料,总结分析了成都地区2011年7月03至04日特大暴雨天气过程的环流背景和主要影响系统,并对相关物理量进行了诊断分析,结果表明:(1)这次降雨主要是在高空副高的突然加强西伸、低空西南急流的水汽输送和本地积聚的不稳定能量与弱冷空气侵入共同作用下产生的.(2)暴雨开始前,成都地区位于高空水汽通量散度梯度大值区北侧的辐散区.随着暴雨发展,水汽通量散度梯度区向北移动.(3)水汽通量散度正负临界值区和湿位涡对于本次降水落区的预报有较好的指示意义.在强降水区域,低层湿位涡的垂直正压项为明显的正值中心,斜压项为梯度大值区,斜压性很强.(4)风场在850hPa等压面和低层θe=325K(大约750hPa)等熵面上均表现为气旋式弯曲,有利于强降水的发生. 相似文献
8.
为了更好的了解暴雨发生的机制且为未来预报奠定基础,需要对暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析.通过利用自动站降水观测资料、台站探空资料和NCEP逐6小时再分析资料,总结分析了成都地区2011年7月03至04日特大暴雨天气过程的环流背景和主要影响系统,并对相关物理量进行了诊断分析,结果表明:(1)这次降雨主要是在高空副高的突然加强西伸、低空西南急流的水汽输送和本地积聚的不稳定能量与弱冷空气侵入共同作用下产生的.(2)暴雨开始前,成都地区位于高空水汽通量散度梯度大值区北侧的辐散区.随着暴雨发展,水汽通量散度梯度区向北移动.(3)水汽通量散度正负临界值区和湿位涡对于本次降水落区的预报有较好的指示意义.在强降水区域,低层湿位涡的垂直正压项为明显的正值中心,斜压项为梯度大值区,斜压性很强.(4)风场在850hPa等压面和低层θe=325K(大约750hPa)等熵面上均表现为气旋式弯曲,有利于强降水的发生. 相似文献
9.
【目的】探讨索马里急流和南亚高压对印度夏季风(Indian Summer Monsoon,ISM)爆发产生的协同作用。【方法】基于ECMWF欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代再分析资料(ERA5)提供的逐日数据,结合印度气象局对ISM爆发日期(即印度次大陆最南端的喀拉拉邦降水骤升的日期)的统计数据采用功率谱分析、偏相关分析和滑动相关等统计学方法,分析索马里急流和南亚高压对ISM爆发的协同作用。【结果】ISM爆发前1候至当候,印度地区对流层高层南亚高压的范围和强度不断扩大,同时对流层低层索马里急流的强度和范围不断增强,使阿拉伯海地区的西南气流不断增强,将阿拉伯海地区大量水汽输送至印度大陆,在这样有利的条件下,印度南部降水量剧增,ISM爆发;当5月下旬的南亚高压、索马里急流以及阿拉伯海地区水汽通量和气旋性环流均显著偏强时,ISM会提前爆发,降水也会异常偏多。【结论】ISM爆发日期受到索马里急流和南亚高压两者协同作用的影响,而并非单独受到某个系统的影响。 相似文献
10.
《广东海洋大学学报》2015,(3)
利用NCEP/NCAR逐日风场和湿度场再分析资料(1°×1°)和深圳气象站地面气象观测资料,通过水汽通量、水汽通量散度的计算,对深圳2014年"5.11"特大暴雨过程与水汽输送的配置关系进行了分析。研究表明:南海为此次暴雨过程的主要水汽源地,暴雨落区位于边界层偏南风低空急流的前方;此次特大暴雨过程中存在两支低空急流——西南风低空急流和边界层偏南风低空急流,它们作为水汽通道,为暴雨的发生发展提供了充沛水汽,其中,边界层偏南风低空急流对此次暴雨影响更大,边界层的摩擦辐合和水汽堆积,为本次强降水过程提供了十分有利的条件。 相似文献
11.
Nonlinear numerical models of continuously stratified seas are developed for vertical sections to study the mechanism of coastal
upwelling and coastal jets in two kinds of seas: the so-called finite or closed sea bounded by two vertical coastal coasts,
without elevation of sea surface, but with a flat bottom; and the semi-infinite sea bounded by only one vertical coast, with
both an elevation of sea surface and a flat or inclined bottom. Constant wind stress in the first case, and constant wind
stress or negative wind stress curl in the second case, are abruptly imposed. The key procedure for the mathematical analysis
is to calculate the horizontal pressure gradient first by a special treatment. In the first case, the variation of horizontal
components of velocity is changed with time to show three successive time intervals. The results show that the width of baroclinic
jets depends upon (σS)1/2, and that distribution of isopycnic lines delineates the warm and cold regions. The relative importance of each term in the
equilibrium among forces is thus determined. Distribution of stream function in vertical section reveals the upper and bottom
Ekman layers. Two coastal jets are found with different alongshore velocities. The distribution of density anomalies displays
the horizontal diffusion adjustment. An unstable case appears at different surface boundary conditions. In the second case,
the vertical velocity will be stronger in the sea with less stratification, with an inclined bottom, and with a negative wind
stress curl. The horizonatal offshore velocity increases in strength in a sea with inclined bottom and with negative wind
stress curl. The vertical circulation pattern reveals the upwelling only. The distribution of density shows the isopycnic
lines lifted upward near the shores. Obviously, the range of elevation of sea surface near the shore is larger than that far
offshore. The jet width is less than the Rossby radius of deformation. A stronger jet will occur in more shallow water with
negative wind stress curl. The coastal jet does not develop when the coefficient of horizontal turbulence increases to a certain
limiting value. 相似文献
12.
Atmospheric turbulence plays a vital role in the formation and dissipation of fog. However,studies of such turbulence are typically limited to observations with ultrasonic anemometers less than 100 m above ground. Thus,the turbulence characteristics of upper fog layers are poorly known. In this paper,we present 4-layers of data,measured by ultrasonic anemometers on a wind tower about 400 m above the sea surface; we use these data to characterize atmospheric turbulence atop a heavy sea fog. Large differences in turbulence during the sea fog episode were recorded. Results showed that the kinetic energy,momentum flux,and sensible heat flux of turbulence increased rapidly during the onset of fog. After onset,high turbulence was observed within the uppermost fog layer. As long as this turbulence did not exceed a critical threshold,it was crucial to enhancing the cooling rate,and maintaining the fog. Vertical momentum flux and sensible heat flux generated by this turbulence weakened wind speed and decreased air temperature during the fog. Towards the end of the fog episode,the vertical distribution of sensible heat flux reversed,contributing to a downward momentum flux in all upper layers. Spatial and temporal scales of the turbulence eddy were greater before and after the fog,than during the fog episode. Turbulence energy was greatest in upper levels,around 430 m and 450 m above mean sea level(AMSL),than in lower levels of the fog(390 m and 410 m AMSL); turbulence energy peaked along the mean wind direction. Our results show that the status of turbulence was complicated within the fog; turbulence caused fluxes of momentum and sensible heat atop the fog layer,affecting the underlying fog by decreasing or increasing average wind speed,as well as promoting or demoting air temperature stratification. 相似文献
13.
In this study,the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) is used to simulate Typhoon Mindulle (2004) at high resolution (3-km grid size).The data from measurements show that in the upper atmosphere the existence of an upper jet is important to the transition cyclone.When Mindulle moved to the area of the upper jet entrance,where high-altitude divergence existed, the pumping of the high-altitude divergence would enhance the vertical motion and low-level cyclone convergence. The enhanced vertical motion was confirmed by the simulation results and indicated that the existence of upper divergence enhanced the vertical motion which was favorable for the maintenance of Typhoon Mindulle.The process of extratropical transition (ET) and re-intensification always accompanies the process of cold air invasion. This process enhances the baroclinicity of the atmosphere and the formation of front at high altitudes, which converts baroclinic potential energy into kinetic energy and strengthens the cyclone vortex.The distributions of equivalent potential temperature (θe) and temperature anomalies show that the warm-core of the typhoon at the tropopause aids the re-intensification of the system. As the typhoon reenters the ocean, latent heat flux (LHF) increases in the north and west and the strong reflectivity and vertical motion occur in the east and southeast,and the west.With the re-intensification of the typhoon the wind field evolves from an oval to a circle at the lower atmosphere, the area coverage by high winds increases, and the distribution of the tangential wind shows an asymmetric pattern. 相似文献
14.
Observation of fluid parcel pathways in the Kuroshio Stream revealed a striking crossstream pattern associated with the Kuroshio‘‘ s meanders. In order to understand the observed pattern, a two-dimensional kinematic model of a meandering jet was developed which could be used to examine the relationship between streamfunction patterns and fluid parcel trajectories. The experiments designed to investigate the dependence of the water exchanges between the Kuroshio water and its surroundings on the characteristics of the Kuroshio‘‘s meanders involved the downstream speed,phase speed and the amplitude of other propagating waves. The results suggested that fluid parcels could cross the meandering jet to and fro; and that the water exchanges between the Kuroshio and its surroundings increased with a) increasing meander amplitude, b) decreasing downstream speed, and c) increasing wave phase speed. The results also showed that when the meandering jet was disturbed by other propagating waves, more effective water exchanges could be induced. 相似文献
15.
通过对“９５．８”大暴雨过程的全面技术总结，揭示了多种尺度系统间相互作用对产生大暴雨过程的贡献，并指出了云团的发生及其发展源于北方冷空气和南方低空急流持续影响所形成的两个中间尺度垂直环流。 相似文献
16.
Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The upper mixed layer depth (h) has a significant seasonal variation in the real ocean and the low-order statistics of Langmuir turbulence are dramatically... 相似文献
17.
利用NCEP的1°×1°再分析资料、FY-2E逐小时TBB资料以及常规气象观测资料,对湘中地区2010年5月12—13日大暴雨过程的环流形势、物理量场以及中尺度系统进行综合分析,试图从多角度揭示这次大暴雨天气的成因。结果表明：高空南支槽,中低层切变以及地面冷空气是这次大暴雨天气过程的主要影响系统;低空急流作为暖湿气流的载体,为暴雨的产生提供了充足的能量条件和水汽条件;冷空气侵入高能不稳定的暖湿气团,是触发暴雨不稳定能量释放的热力机制;z-螺旋度的空间分布能反映暴雨发生时大气的动力特征,中低层强辐合,高层强辐散与低层正涡度的空间结构,有利于高低层形成“抽吸作用”,从而使上升运动得到发展和加强,为暴雨的产生提供有利的动力条件;高分辨率的云顶亮温TBB资料对降水的强度及落区有很好的指示意义。 相似文献