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1.
基于RS和GI S的三峡库区滑坡易发程度与土地利用变化的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
三峡工程建设以来,库区土地利用类型发生重大变化。为深入研究三峡库区蓄水以来滑坡发育与土地利用类型变化的关系,本文利用不同时期(1987年、2000年和2010年)卫星影像,研究三峡库首区秭归至巴东段长江干流土地利用类型变化,采用滑坡面积模数比(Rsi)分析滑坡发育与土地类型及变化的关联性。结果表明:(1)在1987~2010年间,研究区植被覆盖率持续下降,居民建筑区面积和耕地面积不断增长,蓄水后水域面积扩大了1倍;(2)植被区、耕地和居民建筑区的滑坡Rsi依次增大,滑坡Rsi随着人类活动强度增强而增大,表明滑坡发育与人类活动强度呈正相关性;(3)依据Rsi值大小,将研究区滑坡易发程度分为高、中和低3个区,滑坡主要分布在高、中易发程度区,与实际情况较吻合。因此,在开展库区滑坡风险评估时,需要考虑土地利用类型变化这一因素。研究结果以期为三峡库区土地利用规划、地质灾害防治提供理论支撑。 相似文献
2.
多源遥感数据支持下区域滑坡灾害风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滑坡风险管理是防灾减灾的有效途径之一,而灾害风险评价是风险管理的基础和依据。以三峡库首区为研究区、多源遥感影像为主要数据源,利用立体像对技术及光谱分析等方法快速提取地形地貌、地表覆被、地质及水文条件等滑坡孕灾环境信息,应用随机森林模型分析区域滑坡危险性;采用面向对象方法建立典型承灾体识别规则,快速提取建筑物及交通道路等信息,综合分析滑坡危险性及承灾体信息,以实现区域滑坡灾害风险评价。结果显示:高风险区面积为41 km2,约占研究区面积的9%,主要集中于人口聚集的城镇和交通建设用地等经济价值大的地区。其评价结果与野外实地调查情况基本吻合。 相似文献
3.
Due to the complex natural geological conditions, many slope-related geological hazards occur in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in China. This study focuses on the characteristics of landslide development and their underlying mechanisms in this area. A statistical analysis is conducted to determine the characteristics of landslide development in the Wushan area, including the landslide distribution as a function of the elevation, slope, landslide material composition, scale, lithology, boundary conditions, instability mechanism, stratigraphic age, attitude, and sliding direction. The mechanisms of slope instability and the effect on the occurrence of landslides are analyzed. This study provides important reference material for landslide research in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and similar stratigraphic areas. 相似文献
4.
三峡工程库区巴东县赵树岭滑坡稳定性与防治对策研究 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
赵树岭滑坡是三峡工程库区的重要滑坡，其稳定性直接关系到巴东新县城沿江大道的安全，并对新县城土地利用意义重大。在阐述赵树岭滑坡基本特征的基础上，运用水岩耦合三维有限元数值方法模拟了滑坡稳定性，预测了三峡水库蓄水后滑坡稳定性发展趋势和渗流特征。研究表明，水库蓄水及水位波动是影响滑坡稳定性的主要因素，三峡水库蓄水后，滑坡将发生局部失稳，必须加以治理，提出了滑坡防治的原则与对策。 相似文献
5.
Landslide zonation studies emphasize on preparation of landslide hazard zonation maps considering major instability factors contributing to occurrence of landslides. This paper deals with geographic information system-based landslide hazard zonation in mid Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh from Mandi to Kullu by considering nine relevant instability factors to develop the hazard zonation map. Analytical hierarchy process was applied to assign relative weightages over all ranges of instability factors of the slopes in study area. To generate landslide hazard zonation map, layers in geographic information system were created corresponding to each instability factor. An inventory of existing major landslides in the study area was prepared and combined with the landslide hazard zonation map for validation purpose. The validation of the model was made using area under curve technique and reveals good agreement between the produced hazard map and previous landslide inventory with prediction accuracy of 79.08%. The landslide hazard zonation map was classified by natural break classifier into very low hazard, low hazard, moderate hazard, high hazard and very high landslide hazard classes in geographic information system depending upon the frequency of occurrence of landslides in each class. The resultant hazard zonation map shows that 14.30% of the area lies in very high hazard zone followed by 15.97% in high hazard zone. The proposed model provides the best-fit classification using hierarchical approach for the causative factors of landslides having complex structure. The developed hazard zonation map is useful for landslide preparedness, land-use planning, and social-economic and sustainable development of the region. 相似文献
6.
Mapping landslide susceptibility in Travis County, Texas, USA 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A geographic information system (GIS) was used to construct a landslide hazard map for Travis County, Texas. The County is experiencing rapid growth, and development has encroached into unstable terrain that is vulnerable to landslides. Four layers of data were superimposed to create the landslide hazard map. Slope was given the most emphasis, followed by geology, vegetation, and proximity to faults. The final map shows areas of low, medium, and high landslide susceptibility. Areas of high susceptibility occupy stream and reservoir banks, rock escarpments, and agricultural land. The landslide hazard map can be a useful geologic criterion for land use planning. Planners can use the map to allocate appropriate land uses to unstable terrain, and to identify existing structures at risk from landslide activity. The methods presented in this paper can be adapted to other counties in the U.S. and elsewhere. Results of this study suggest that geographic information systems can effectively compile and overlay several data layers relevant to landslide hazards. 相似文献
7.
Assessing the hazard of potential landslides is crucial for developing mitigation strategies for landslide disasters. However, accurate assessment of landslide hazard is limited by the lack of landslide inventory maps and difficulty in determining landslide run-out distance. To address these issues, this study developed a novel method combining the InSAR technique with a depth-integrated model. Within this new framework, potential landslides are identified through InSAR and their potential impact areas are subsequently estimated using the depth-integrated model. To evaluate its capability, the proposed method was applied to a landslide event that occurred on November 3, 2018 in Baige village, Tibet, China. The simulated results show that the area with a probability of more than 50% to be affected by landslides matched the real trimlines of the landslide and that the accuracy of the proposed method reached 85.65%. Furthermore, the main deposit characteristics, such as the location of maximum deposit thickness and the main deposit area, could be captured by the proposed method. Potential landslides in the Baige region were also identified and evaluated. The results indicate that in the event of landslides, the collapsed mass has a high probability to block the Jinsha River. It is therefore necessary to implement field monitoring and prepare hazard mitigation strategies in advance. This study provides new insights for regional-scale landslide hazard management and further contributes to the implementation of landslide risk assessment and reduction activities.
相似文献8.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using rough sets and back-propagation neural networks in the Three Gorges, China 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
In the Three Gorges of China, there are frequent landslides, and the potential risk of landslides is tremendous. An efficient and accurate method of generating landslide susceptibility maps is very important to mitigate the loss of lives and properties caused by these landslides. This paper presents landslide susceptibility mapping on the Zigui-Badong of the Three Gorges, using rough sets and back-propagation neural networks (BPNNs). Landslide locations were obtained from a landslide inventory map, supported by field surveys. Twenty-two landslide-related factors were extracted from the 1:10,000-scale topographic maps, 1:50,000-scale geological maps, Landsat ETM + satellite images with a spatial resolution of 28.5 m, and HJ-A satellite images with a spatial resolution of 30 m. Twelve key environmental factors were selected as independent variables using the rough set and correlation coefficient analysis, including elevation, slope, profile curvature, catchment aspect, catchment height, distance from drainage, engineering rock group, distance from faults, slope structure, land cover, topographic wetness index, and normalized difference vegetation index. The initial, three-layered, and four-layered BPNN were trained and then used to map landslide susceptibility, respectively. To evaluate the models, the susceptibility maps were validated by comparing with the existing landslide locations according to the area under the curve. The four-layered BPNN outperforms the other two models with the best accuracy of 91.53 %. Approximately 91.37 % of landslides were classified as high and very high landslide-prone areas. The validation results show sufficient agreement between the obtained susceptibility maps and the existing landslide locations. 相似文献
9.
三峡库区滑坡规模与发育特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究滑坡规模及发育特征对开展滑坡风险评价和解析地貌演化过程具有重要意义。以三峡库区为研究区,通过GIS技术和数理统计分析滑坡面积、体积、厚度、发育密度等特征参数及发育规律,以及采用变维分形理论研究滑坡规模与地质环境因素的分形特征。研究结果表明：土、岩质滑坡空间发育模式具有区域性和集群式特点,且不同类型滑坡在空间分布上具有集聚性和规模不均匀性。滑坡发育规模和时序变形速率均存在幂律规则,表明滑坡系统具有自组织临界性。发现滑坡规模具有变维分形特征,同时揭示出滑坡规模与地质环境因素之间的敏感性关系。研究结果对认识三峡库区滑坡发育规律及实现滑坡风险评价具有重要作用。 相似文献
10.
Integrated use of GIS and remote sensing for monitoring landslides in transportation pavements: the case study of Paphos area in Cyprus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D. D. Alexakis A. Agapiou M. Tzouvaras K. Themistocleous K. Neocleous S. Michaelides D. G. Hadjimitsis 《Natural Hazards》2014,72(1):119-141
This study considers the impact of landslides on transportation pavements in rural road network of Cyprus using remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) techniques. Landslides are considered to be one of the most extreme natural hazards worldwide, causing both human losses and severe damages to the transportation network. Risk assessment for monitoring a road network is based on the combination of the probability of landslides occurrence and the extent and severity of the resultant consequences should the disasters (landslides) occur. Factors that can trigger landslide episodes include proximity to active faults, geological formations, fracture zones, degree and high curvature of slopes, water conditions, etc. In this study, the reliability and vulnerability of a rural network are examined. Initially, landslide locations were identified from the interpretation of satellite images. Different geomorphological factors such as aspect, slope, distance from the watershed, lithology, distance from lineaments, topographic curvature, land use and vegetation regime derived from satellite images were selected and incorporated in GIS environment in order to develop a decision support and continuous landslide monitoring system of the area. These parameters were then used in the final landslide hazard assessment model based on the analytic hierarchy process method. The results indicated good correlation between classified high-hazard areas and field-confirmed slope failures. The CA Markov model was also used to predict the landslide hazard zonation map for 2020 and the possible future hazards for transportation pavements. The proposed methodology can be used for areas with similar physiographic conditions all over the Eastern Mediterranean region. 相似文献
11.
Markus Schleier Renneng Bi Joachim Rohn Dominik Ehret Wei Xiang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(7):3007-3023
Increasing number of geohazards, like mass movements, is one of the main environmental impacts following the impoundment of the Yangtze River and its tributaries due to the inventory of the Three Gorges Dam hydroelectric power plant. Although many cities and settlements are endangered, no detailed hazard mapping is possible because of the huge size of the affected area. Due to strongly limited data availability, a robust landslide susceptibility model was established exemplarily for the Xiangxi catchment as one of the main tributaries. The analyses were limited to translational, rotational and combined landslides in soft rock sediments because these represent the main types of mass movement activity in this area. The qualitative landslide susceptibility analysis was carried out by a combination of frequency ratio analyses and a heuristic iterative index-based method using a Geographical Information System. As conditioning factors, the parameters lithology, slope angle, -aspect, -curvature, drainage buffer distance and land use were applied. To improve the objectivity of the index-based method, the results of frequency ratio analyses were taken into consideration to assess the importance of each factor. Model verification and evaluation by ground truth enable to improve the model by iterative calculations and to identify the best performance model. Results indicate that 89 % of all known landslides are located within areas showing high susceptibility according to the best performance model. The study demonstrates that a rather simple but robust model achieves good results and is applicable for regional landslide susceptibility analyses in mountainous areas with poor data availability. 相似文献
12.
秦岭中部太白县地质灾害发育特征及危险性评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以陕西省太白县为例,分析了秦岭中部山区地质灾害形成的地质环境条件,重点指出在植被茂密山区,异常强降雨及农耕、建房、修路和矿山开采4种人类工程活动对地质灾害的关键诱发作用。对崩塌、滑坡、泥石流和不稳定斜坡4类典型地质灾害进行了亚类细分和发育特征分析,并总结指出了地质灾害区域宏观分布特征。筛选了9种关键的地质灾害影响和诱发因素,基于将集中调查区指示的地质灾害发育规律,外推应用于全区地质灾害评估的思路,利用信息量模型对太白县全区进行了地质灾害危险性定量评估,结果显示高危险区主要集中分布在县域北部人口聚居的盆地区,以及南部河流与公路沿线地段。定量检验显示,危险性评估结果与地质灾害的实际分布十分吻合,表明基于信息量模型的地质灾害危险性评估方法能够很好地适用于秦岭腹地山区。 相似文献
13.
It is a critical issue to assess landslide hazard degree in the risk analysis of mountain geo-hazards. Currently, different
kinds of approaches to assess landslide hazard degree are developed and utilized from single quantitative analysis to integrated
quantitative analysis. However, several problems of these approaches impede further applications. These problems include (1)
the methods are complex and mathematic background is required sometimes; (2) the methods are hard to utilize. This study comes
up with a new approach to assess landslide hazard degree: a set pair analysis method (SPAM). The SPAM takes the fuzzy property
of grade standards into full account and avoids the values of discrepancy uncertainty coefficient in connection degree formula.
A case study is presented to assess the landslide hazard degree of 24 typical landslides in Fengjie County, Chongqing City,
where the Three Gorges Dam is located. The proposed method is simple in concept and easy in calculation and application. Its
results are credible. 相似文献
14.
三峡工程移民区滑坡防治与利用技术研究 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21
三峡工程移民迁建区地质环境容量有限 ,滑坡等地质灾害频繁发生 ,制约了移民安置。建设用地的严重不足 ,只能向滑坡等灾害堆积体要地 ,因此 ,不仅要治理滑坡灾害 ,而且还要利用滑坡体 ,它对地质灾害防治提出了挑战。在防治滑坡的基础上 ,为移民迁建提供安全可靠的建设用地是三峡地质灾害研究的新课题。本文介绍锚拉桩、喷锚网、钢筋混凝土格构、注浆、加筋土等技术在三峡库区滑坡等地质灾害防治与利用的初步经验。 相似文献
15.
A logistic regression model is developed within the framework of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to map landslide hazards
in a mountainous environment. A case study is conducted in the mountainous southern Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories,
Canada. To determine the factors influencing landslides, data layers of geology, surface materials, land cover, and topography
were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and the results are used for landslide hazard mapping. In this study, bedrock,
surface materials, slope, and difference between surface aspect and dip direction of the sedimentary rock were found to be
the most important factors affecting landslide occurrence. The influence on landslides by interactions among geologic and
geomorphic conditions is also analyzed, and used to develop a logistic regression model for landslide hazard mapping. The
comparison of the results from the model including the interaction terms and the model not including the interaction terms
indicate that interactions among the variables were found to be significant for predicting future landslide probability and
locating high hazard areas. The results from this study demonstrate that the use of a logistic regression model within a GIS
framework is useful and suitable for landslide hazard mapping in large mountainous geographic areas such as the southern Mackenzie
Valley. 相似文献
16.
滑坡预警判据初步研究--以三峡库区为例 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
在三峡库区典型地段滑坡灾害调查评价和统计分析的基础上,结合典型滑坡变形发展的阶段性变形现象、标志和临界诱发因素分析,初步提出3个层次的滑坡预警预报判据27条,包括:(1)滑坡空间预测识别判据11条,主要用于滑坡或潜在危岩体空间识别和危险性区划,是滑坡空间预测的基本判据;(2)滑坡状态判据7条,主要用于滑坡单体稳定性评价的亚临界-临界状态预警判据,是滑坡状态预警判据系统的重要组成部分;(3)滑坡临界时间预报判据9条,主要用于单体滑坡剧烈变形或临滑预报,是滑坡时间预报研究的关键判据. 相似文献
17.
滑坡空间易发性分析有助于开展滑坡防灾减灾工作,训练有效的滑坡预测模型在其中扮演重要角色.以三峡库区湖北段为研究区,选取高程、坡度、斜坡结构、土地利用类型、岩土体类型、断裂距离、路网距离、河网距离、以及归一化植被指数这9个影响因子建立滑坡空间数据库,采用集成学习中的随机森林算法进行滑坡易发性评价.结果显示,随机森林抽样训练的方式有利于确定较优的训练参数,保证随机森林在不过拟合的情况下取得满意的拟合能力和泛化能力.随机森林绘制的滑坡易发性分级图显示出合理的空间分布,其中73.35%的滑坡分布在较高和极高级别区域.而巴东县北部、秭归县中部以及夷陵区南部等区域显示出较高的易发性级别.性能评估及易发性统计结果均表明随机森林是一种出色的算法,在滑坡空间预测领域具有较好的适用性. 相似文献
18.
Investigations and assessment of the landslide hazards of Fengdu county in the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project on the Yangtze River 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
The spatial database of landslides in Fengdu County of the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project (TGP) on the Yangtze River was compiled from a variety of different sources including field investigations on landslides, existing catalogues and archives on landslides, reports of meteorological events and human engineering activities that triggered slope failures. The major factors that are found to have affected the slope stabilities are outlined, and an assessment and zonation of landslide hazards of the region is made using an integrated information model, which is divided into destructive, disastrous, likely disastrous and essentially non-disastrous areas from the assessment of landslide hazards. The destructive and disastrous areas are respectively 1.9 and 13.8% of the total region, mostly being nearby townships, highways along the south bank of the Yangtze River and residential quarters along two flanks of the Yangtze River and its distributaries, that will impose direct impact to highway transportation and residential lives, and may effect to some degree the navigation of the Yangtze River, reservoir banks, and building of cities and towns. 相似文献
19.
Kurseong hill subdivision, being one of the three (Kurseong, Sadar and Kalingpong) subdivisions of the hilly portions of the Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India, is affected by severe landslide incidence in the rainy season every year. These landslides and related phenomena frequently create social and economic instability disrupting communication system, claiming property and even sometimes life. Curbing landslide threat, therefore, becomes very much essential over this area. Individual landslide treatments are seen to be taken up by the construction engineers and geo-technical experts almost every year from government level. But reoccurrence of landslides on the same spots or surrounding places clearly reveals that construction works and filling procedures (usually taken up) are not the adequate measures to heal up the problem unless the area is treated as zones of landslides than individual spots of landslide occurrences. Therefore, the assessment of spatial probability of landslide occurrence in various magnitudes in the form of landslide vulnerability zones becomes essential. This spatial probability should also be compared with temporal probability based on the data of landslide incidence of the area for justification of match or mismatch between the inference drawn from the diagnostic criteria based assessment of the possibility level of landslide occurrence and the reality of the landslide scenario in the light of historical perspective of the area. This comparison will finally help to achieve the predicted vulnerability zones of landslide with desirable accuracy to put forward for planning decision. Moreover, such predicted vulnerability zonation can be taken as a standard estimate to use in planning purpose for the areas where historical data of landslide incidences are inadequate or unavailable. With this view in mind, the present paper takes an attempt to verify and compare landslide vulnerability zones derived from Spatial Terrain Parameter Evaluation (STPE) and Anthropogenic Criteria Identification (ACI) methods with the landslide hazard zones prepared from historical data, i.e. landslide inventory of certain length of time. Careful observation reveals that different degrees of landslide vulnerability zones significantly correspond with the similar magnitudes of the landslide hazard zones determined by past occurrence data of landslides over this hill subdivision and therefore validate the predictability procedure of landslide vulnerability zonation. The accuracy performance of the landslide vulnerability zonation model has further been verified by the occurrence dataset of landslide events through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis where area under curve evaluation showed 81.77 % correctness. 相似文献
20.
Assessment of shallow landslides from Hurricane Mitch in central America using a physically based model 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
Shallow landslides induced by heavy rainfall events represent one of the most disastrous hazards in mountainous regions because
of their high frequency and rapid mobility. Recent advancements in the availability and accessibility of remote sensing data,
including topography, land cover and precipitation products, allow landslide hazard assessment to be considered at larger
spatial scales. A theoretical framework for a landslide forecasting system was prototyped in this study using several remotely
sensed and surface parameters. The applied physical model SLope-Infiltration-Distributed Equilibrium (SLIDE) takes into account
some simplified hypotheses on water infiltration and defines a direct relation between factor of safety and the rainfall depth
on an infinite slope. This prototype model is applied to a case study in Honduras during Hurricane Mitch in 1998. Two study
areas were selected where a high density of shallow landslides occurred, covering approximately 1,200 km2. The results were quantitatively evaluated using landslide inventory data compiled by the United States Geological Survey
(USGS) following Hurricane Mitch’s landfall. The agreement between the SLIDE modeling results and landslide observations demonstrates
good predictive skill and suggests that this framework could serve as a potential tool for the future early landslide warning
systems. Results show that within the two study areas, the values of rates of successful estimation of slope failure locations
reached as high as 78 and 75%, while the error indices were 35 and 49%. Despite positive model performance, the SLIDE model
is limited by several assumptions including using general parameter calibration rather than in situ tests and neglecting geologic
information. Advantages and limitations of this physically based model are discussed with respect to future applications of
landslide assessment and prediction over large scales. 相似文献