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1.
According to the decision of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), since 1998 the International Celestial Reference System has been realized by the ICRF catalogue of extragalactic radio source positions obtained from VLBI observations. Over the past years, the accuracy of the ICRF catalogue data has been increased only through an increase in the number and quality of observations and an improvement in the methods of their processing. Both the first ICRF version and the new ICRF2 version adopted by the IAU in 2009 are based on the catalogues obtained at the same VLBI data processing center. However, the experience of classical astrometry shows that a significant increase in the accuracy of the International Celestial Reference Frame can be achieved by creating combined catalogues, such as the fundamental catalogues of star positions. The same approach was applied to improve the ICRF catalogue. Even the first experience of such a combined solution has shown its high efficiency. Here, a new combined catalogue of radio source positions PUL(2013)C02 is presented. Mainly classical methods based on the expansion of the systematic differences between the input catalogues into series of orthogonal functions with additional improvements have been applied for its creation. Comparison of the combined catalogue obtained with the ICRF2 catalogue has shown that the latter is most likely not devoid of systematic errors at a level of 15–20 μas. 相似文献
2.
O. M. Samoilenko O. O. Khoda V. V. Zaiets’ 《Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies》2007,23(1):1-6
Positions of space-geodetic instruments are calculated in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2000) by referring the instrument reference points to the local geodetic network and GPS markers. The eccentricities of the SLR stations CrAO and CLO and the permanent GPS station CrAO with respect to the reference point of the radio telescope RT-22 are determined. The local relative deformations of the Earth’s surface are presented as shifts of the instrument reference points with respect to the nearest points of the local geodetic network and with respect to each other. 相似文献
3.
A. T. Bajkova 《Astronomy Letters》2004,30(4):218-231
The problem of phaseless aperture synthesis is of current interest in phase-unstable VLBI with a small number of elements when either the use of closure phases is not possible (a two-element interferometer) or their quality and number are not enough for acceptable image reconstruction by standard adaptive calibration methods. Therefore, we discuss the problem of unique image reconstruction only from the spectrum magnitude of a source. We suggest an efficient method for phaseless VLBI mapping of compact extragalactic radio sources. This method is based on the reconstruction of the spectrum magnitude for a source on the entire UV plane from the measured visibility magnitude on a limited set of points and the reconstruction of the sought-for image of the source by Fienup's method from the spectrum magnitude reconstructed at the first stage. We present the results of our mapping of the extragalactic radio source 2200+420 using astrometric and geodetic observations on a global VLBI array. Particular attention is given to studying the capabilities of a two-element interferometer in connection with the putting into operation of a Russian-made radio interferometer based on Quasar RT-32 radio telescopes. 相似文献
4.
本文简述了国际天球参考架的发展历史和现在射电参考架的现状—基准源选择的标准和参考架的稳定性。描述了地面上光学观测在依巴谷参考架的维持和加密的一系列工作。介绍由天体测量卫星GAIA和SIM给出的天球参考架可能逵到的精度。详述了在今后十年中地面天体测量的作用以及正在开展有关天球参考架的研究课题 ,同时也列出了我国正在和即将开展天体测量的几个研究课题 相似文献
5.
6.
Precise astrometric observations show that significant systematic differences of the order of 10 milliarcseconds (mas) exist between the observed position of the celestial pole in the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) and the position determined using the International Astronomical Union (IAU) 1976 Precession (Lieske et al., 1977) and the IAU 1980 Nutation Theory (Seidelmann, 1982). The International Earth Rotation Service routinely publishes these 'celestial pole offsets', and the IERS Conventions (McCarthy, 1996) recommends a procedure to account for these errors. The IAU, at its General Assembly in 2000, adopted a new precession/nutation model (Mathews et al., 2002). This model, designated IAU2000A, which includes nearly 1400 terms, provides the direction of the celestial pole in the ICRF with an accuracy of ±0.1 mas. Users requiring accuracy no better than 1 mas, however, may not require the full model, particularly if computational time or storage are issues. Consequently, the IAU also adopted an abridged procedure designated IAU2000B to model the celestial pole motion with an accuracy that does not result in a difference greater than 1 mas with respect to that of the IAU2000A model. That IAU2000B model, presented here, is shown to have the required accuracy for a period of more than 50 years from 1995 to 2050. 相似文献
7.
Using a new version of the QUASAR domestic multifunction software package, we have simultaneously processed all of the available
VLBI observations performed on global networks of stations over the period 1979–2009. New improved and extended versions of
the international reference systems of coordinates of extragalactic radio sources and ground-based VLBI stations and a new
independent series of Earth orientation parameters have been obtained. Analysis of the accuracy of these results shows that
they are at the level of the best determinations at national and international VLBI data analysis centers. 相似文献
8.
H. G. Walter 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1992,53(1):71-80
Observation catalogues of extragalactic radio sources obtained by Very long Baseline Interferometry during the last decade agree in the mean to a few milliarcseconds (mas). Within this range the position differences show constant, linear and periodic offsets. To reduce the influence of individual catalogue properties the construction of a compilation catalogue seems to be the appropriate procedure. In some detail the compilation method is described providing simultaneous adjustment of source positions and catalogue corrections. The compilation catalogue consists of 40 objects having positional errors of 0.2 mas in right ascension (RA) and 0.3 mas in declination (Dec). Comparing this catalogue with the IERS Celestial Reference Frame compiled by means of other precepts yields weighted root-mean-square differences of 0.7 mas in RA and 1.3 mas in Dec. Finally, the terms of general precession in RA and Dec are included in the adjustment process giving estimates of the correction to the luni-solar precession between –1 and –3 mas/yr, the latter figure applying when some early data are added. 相似文献
9.
We consider a method of reconstructing the structure delay of extended radio sources without constructing their radio images. The residuals derived after the adjustment of geodetic VLBI observations are used for this purpose. We show that the simplest model of a radio source consisting of two point components can be represented by four parameters (the angular separation of the components, the mutual orientation relative to the poleward direction, the flux-density ratio, and the spectral index difference) that are determined for each baseline of a multi-baseline VLBI network. The efficiency of this approach is demonstrated by estimating the coordinates of the radio source 0014+813 observed during the two-week CONT14 program organized by the International VLBI Service (IVS) in May 2014. Large systematic deviations have been detected in the residuals of the observations for the radio source 0014+813. The averaged characteristics of the radio structure of 0014+813 at a frequency of 8.4 GHz can be calculated from these deviations. Our modeling using four parameters has confirmed that the source consists of two components at an angular separation of ~0.5 mas in the north–south direction. Using the structure delay when adjusting the CONT14 observations leads to a correction of the average declination estimate for the radio source 0014+813 by 0.070 mas. 相似文献
10.
We investigated the archival ground-based VLBI images of the extragalactic radio sources included in both the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and the Planck catalogues, and selected 49 bright and compact sources as potential targets for space Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations at mm wavelengths. These sources have a flat radio continuum spectrum between 33 and 94 GHz. They are identified as core-dominated active galactic nuclei (AGN), located at declinations above ?40°, and have never been observed with ground-based VLBI at 86 GHz. The radio properties of the 49 new sources are presented. We compare this new sample with similar samples of compact AGN available from earlier studies. The new candidates, together with the existing bright compact AGN sample identified from 86-GHz ground-based VLBI imaging surveys, form a catalogue of more than 160 AGN. These could be primary targets for mm-VLBI observations on the ground, as well as for future mm-wavelength space VLBI missions such as the project with two satellites currently under study in China. 相似文献
11.
A. M. Finkelstein A. V. Ipatov S. G. Smolentsev V. G. Grachev I. A. Rakhimov Z. M. Malkin 《Astronomy Letters》2003,29(10):667-673
We present the results of our processing of the first observations of extragalactic radio sources obtained with the eight-element International VLBI Network, which includes the Svetloe Russian Radio Astronomy Observatory equipped with a Mark 3A recording terminal. Our observations and their processing yielded highly accurate coordinates (in meters) of the Svetloe Observatory in the ITRF 2000 system: X = 2730173.854 ± 0.002, Y = 1562442.668 ± 0.004, Z = 5529969.069 ± 0.007. We also show that including the Svetloe Observatory in the International Network led to an appreciable improvement in the accuracy of determining the Earth’s rotation parameters (microarcseconds for the coordinates of the pole and nutation angles, microseconds for Universal Time): Xp = ?154683 ± 77, Yp = 361809 ± 59, UT1-UTC = ?325162.9 ± 2.5, Δψ = ?53147 ± 114, Δε = ?2286 ± 47. 相似文献
12.
1979-1999全球天测与测地VLBI观测资料处理结果与讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用国际地民服务（ＩＥＲＳ）１９９６年规范和上海天文台甚长基线干涉测量（ＶＬＢＩ）资料分析软件,对自１９７９年８月以来全球约２９００次天测与测地ＶＩＢＬ实验进行了综合归算,得到６０１颗河外射电源在Ｊ２０００．０的坐标、１０１台站在Ｊ１９９７．０的坐标和运动速度、以及约２０年地地球定向参数序列。与国际相关结果的比较表明,归算结果不存在显著系统差。通过对归算结果的分析,指出目前国际上评估天球参考架局部 相似文献
13.
基于NNR-NUVEL-1A地球板块运动模型和ITRF2000地球参考架的三维VLBI站速度矢量,采用实测的VLBI基线长度变化率作为约束,重新估计了部分国际VLBI站的局部或区域性地壳的垂直形变,并与国际地球参考架ITRFs解和VLBI全球解GLB2003,VTRF2003和VTRF2005的结果进行了比较。结果表明,欧亚板块的URUMQI站和太平洋板块的KWAJAL26站,南极OHIGGINS站的垂直形变率、ITRFs解和VLBI全球解存在6-15mm/a的差异,北美YUMA站可能有15-31mm/a 的垂直形变率,而美国西部太平洋板块的San Francisco(PRESIDIO)站的垂直形变率还有待进一步的研究。此外,SC-VLBA,CRIMEA和EFLSBERG站的垂直形变率、ITRFs解和VLBI全球解的差约为1-6mm/a。用不同方法得到的VLBI站的水平形变率解有较好的一致性。 相似文献
14.
结合天测与测地VLBI资料处理中的实际工作需求 ,介绍了CALC SOLVE中的USERPARTIAL功能 ,并给出应用实例 相似文献
15.
《New Astronomy Reviews》1999,43(8-10):599-602
The position of PSR0329+54 on the International Celestial Reference Frame was measured at epochs March 1995, May 1996, and May 1998. Our observations detected the proper motion of PSR0329+54. The position and proper motion agreed well with the position determined by Bartel et al. (1985). From combined analysis with our data and that of Bartel, the proper motion of PSR0329+54 was determined: μα=+17.4±0.3 mas yr−1, μδ=−11.0±0.3 mas yr−1. These results are consistent with the value by Harrison et al. (1993)measured with the MERLIN interferometer. We also determined the coordinates of PSR0329+54 very accurately within the ICRF: α=03h32m59s.3761±0s.0002, δ=54°34′43′′.5119±0′′.0015 at 1995. 相似文献
16.
天体测量学是天文学中最古老的分支之一, 它是天文学的基础, 对天体物理学和大地测量学的许多方面至关重要.天体测量学的核心任务之一就是建立一个高精度天文参考系, 以便利用这样的惯性参照系来描述天体的位置和运动、研究银河系的运动学特征及对同一天体在不同波段的对应体进行位置认证和比较.当前的天文参考系是参照银河系外天体(主要是活动星系核)的位置来定义的, 称为国际天球参考系(ICRS).在实测上, 与之相对应的基本星表为国际天球参考架(ICRF), 它由甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)技术在S/X、K和X/Ka波段的观测资料解算而得, 位置精度达到数十微角秒($\mathrm{\mu as}$)水平.另一方面, Gaia卫星的观测也将在光学波段建立类似精度的光学参考架(Gaia-CRF).ICRF与Gaia-CRF的连接成为天体测量领域需要解决的重大问题之一, 这要求对ICRF与Gaia-CRF参考架特性进行细致深入的分析. 首先, 分析了ICRF的整体特性.VLBI星表的内部符合精度估计值在$\mathrm{10\mu as}$和$\mathrm{40\mu as}$之间, 依赖于射电源的观测次数.这一结果一方面验证了ICRF3星表给出的位置噪声水平, 也说明了VLBI技术在天体测量方面的潜力.利用Gaia的河外源位置为参考, 分析了历代ICRF星表的外部符合精度, 指出ICRF3 X/Ka波段参考架存在约$\mathrm{200\mu as}$的系统误差.最后, 发明了一种评估射电源全天分布均匀性的量化指标并改进了ICRF定义源筛选策略, 结果表明相较于ICRF2而言, 这一方法能将ICRF轴指向稳定性提高2至3倍.这些工作很好地解释并补充了国际上ICRF3工作组的相关结果. 其次, 研究Gaia-CRF的参考架性质.使用了相对于依巴谷参考架的全局旋转和结合银河系动力学分析两种方法来评估Gaia-CRF1的惯性水平, 指出Gaia-CRF1可能存在约$\mathrm{0.3mas\cdot yr^{-1}}$的剩余旋转.对于Gaia-CRF2, 研究了其系统精度与河外源样本极限星等的依赖关系, 发现Gaia-CRF2的整体精度几乎不受星等差的影响.这一结果可作为未来ICRF与Gaia-CRF连接源选择的参考. 活动星系核的光学-射电位置差是影响参考架连接精度的重要因素之一.本文首次将光学-射电位置差研究延伸到K和Ka波段, 并研究其与河外源性质参数的相关性, 发现: 光学-射电位置差与星等的相关性是由于星等差而非真实的物理原因造成的, 因此在前人工作中被忽略的暗源也有可能作为ICRF与Gaia-CRF连接源.此外, 本文提出了一种新的参考架连接方法, 即在Gaia-CRF2框架下重新处理VLBI的历史观测资料.先期结果发现使用Gaia-CRF2来替代ICRF3尚不足以显著提高VLBI产品的精度, 但未来在Gaia-CRF参考架精度进一步提高后, 此方法仍值得进一步检验. 本文的研究, 一方面指出了ICRF与Gaia-CRF参考架中可能存在的种种问题, 另一方面也为将来光学与射电参考架连接提供了第一手的参考资料. 相似文献
17.
张波 《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》2004,(1)
介绍了稀疏矩阵的四种常见形式以及稀疏矩阵技术在天测与测地VLBI数据处理中的应用。推演了天测与测地VLBI数据综合解算中所用稀疏矩阵形式下待估参数求解和协方差矩阵估算的算法。通过对是否采用稀疏矩阵技术时方程求解 (乘法和加法 )运算对数的估算和比较 ,表明普通最小二乘方法的运算对数约为参数总数的 3次方 ,而采用稀疏矩阵技术时的运算对数近似与参数总数成线性关系 ,从而能够在现代空间对地观测技术的大样本数据处理中显著缩短计算时间。 相似文献
18.
We present maps and astrometric results from first epoch, simultaneous MERLIN and Global VLBI observations of the very weak core of a double-lobed radio source, using as reference the bright, compact, flat-spectrum quasar 1636+473 A, 20 arcsec away. The observations were made in May 1995 at 5 GHz. The phase-referenced VLBI map of the weak core, of resolution 1.5 mas, contains a high percentage of the core flux density seen in the MERLIN map. Further hybrid mapping iterations reveal a faint, one-sided core extension on the same side as the MERLIN jet. We explore the effect of both temporal and other coherence losses on the phase-reference map. We relate our results to the structural asymmetry in weak AGN cores within the context of unification models. 相似文献
19.
O. V. Bolotina A. N. Samoilenko S. L. Bolotin V. L. Kozel 《Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies》2008,24(6):300-308
We analyze the local geodetic ties between the VLBI, LLR, and GPS reference points of the Simeiz-Katziveli collocation station. The conclusion about the instability of this geodynamic test area is confirmed. We conclude that regular, with a period of 1–2.5 years, redeterminations of the local geodetic ties at this collocation station are necessary. A linear model of the time variation in the estimates of the local geodetic ties is constructed for this test area. The estimates of the local geodetic ties are compared with the differences between the corresponding coordinates of the reference points specified in ITRF2000. We conclude that there are systematic errors in ITRF2000 related to an incorrect determination of the velocities for the reference points of the collocation station with identical DOMES numbers. We suggest assigning different DOMES numbers to the reference points of unstable geodynamic test areas. The estimates of the local geodetic ties are compared with the differences between the corresponding coordinates of the reference points obtained from individual VLBI, LLR, and GPS solutions. These were found to be in disagreement. 相似文献
20.
H. G. Walter 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1991,177(1-2):97-103
A combined catalogue is constructed from the observations of extragalactic radio sources compiled in independent catalogues providing precise positions determined by radio interferometric techniques. Positions and catalogue differences are derived and discussed. The average precision of the combined catalogue is at the level of 0.7 mas in right ascension and 1.3 mas in declination. For the more recent catalogues the systematic differences amount to a fraction of a millisecond of arc. 相似文献