共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Abuse of fossil energy resources results in the excessive discharge of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, enhancing the trend of global climate warming. Carbon sequestration is an important method to lower the increasing rate of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Marine carbon sequestration is a novel idea for reducing CO2 emission, and its reservoir mainly includes seawater and submarine sediment, which not only possess a great potential capacity of carbon sequestration, but also have high safety in relation to continental reservoirs. In this paper, we expounded the technique principle and mechanisms of marine carbon sequestration, potential capacity and time duration of marine carbon sequestration, main factors influencing marine carbon sequestration, CO2 injection technique, impacts on marine biota from over emission of CO2 and technique monitoring the leakage of CO2. Finally, a prospect of marine carbon sequestration was proposed, and its hot topics were accordingly pointed out. 相似文献
2.
Cai J.T. Ladd 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2021,132(3):269-283
Centuries of coastal development has led to the loss of saltmarsh extent worldwide. As marshes are shrinking, scientific understanding of marsh expansion and erosion processes is growing. Coastal managers are also recognising the importance of marshes for flood protection, carbon sequestration, and pollutant filtering. Considerable effort is now being made to conserve saltmarshes. However, the rapid integration of science in policy remains an obstacle for ensuring successful conservation outcomes. This review explores how advances in the understanding of coastal dynamics, and the evolution of coastal management thinking, are shaping saltmarsh conservation policy in Great Britain. Saltmarsh management has shifted from reclamation, to protection, to restoration throughout the 20th and 21st centuries as calls for nature conservation grew and the importance of ecosystems in coastal erosion risk management became apparent. Studies have revealed that marshes cycle between expansion and erosion phases as part of their natural evolution, governed by processes acting across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Understanding which processes drive long-term marsh change provides an opportunity for coastal managers to undertake targeted intervention for positive conservation outcomes. The inherently dynamic nature of marshes also raises significant challenges in forecasting the long-term value provided by a given marsh. Challenges remain in the monitoring and management of sediment supply and transport, and the effective engagement with stakeholders during habitat protection and creation schemes, which are key to achieving marsh conservation goals. 相似文献
3.
人为排放CO2导致全球气候变暖已经对人类生存和发展造成威胁,碳捕获与封存是世界公认的实现碳减排的主要途径之一。基性-超基性岩碳酸盐化固碳作为地质碳汇之一,是一种经济、安全且长久的碳捕获与封存方式,引起了国际社会越来越多的重视。本文阐述了自然条件下基性-超基性岩碳酸盐化反应过程,分析其固碳机理和影响基性-超基性岩碳酸盐化速率的主要因素。在此基础上,梳理并总结了目前国际上基性-超基性岩固碳技术的研究进展和典型应用实例,认为全球广泛分布的基性-超基性岩具有巨大的固碳潜力。该技术的推广和应用将对未来大气CO2减排具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
Catherine E. Lovelock Maria Fernanda Adame Vicki Bennion Matthew Hayes Julian O’Mara Ruth Reef Nadia S. Santini 《Estuaries and Coasts》2014,37(3):763-771
Mangrove forests and saltmarshes are important habitats for carbon (C) sequestration in the coastal zone but variation in rates of C sequestration and the factors controlling sequestration are poorly understood. We assessed C sequestration in Moreton Bay, South East Queensland in mangrove forests and tidal marshes that span a range of environmental settings and plant communities, including mangrove forests and tidal marshes on the oligotrophic sand islands of the eastern side of Moreton Bay and on the nutrient enriched, western side of the bay adjacent to the city of Brisbane. We found that rates of C sequestration in sediments were similar among mangrove forests over the bay, despite large differences in the C density of sediments, because of different rates of vertical accretion of sediments. The C sequestration on the oligotrophic sand island tidal marshes, dominated by Juncus kraussii, had the highest rate of C sequestration in the bay while the western saltmarshes, which were dominated by Sarcocornia quinqueflora, had the lowest rate of C sequestration. Our data indicate C sequestration varies among different tidal wetland plant community types, due to variation in sediment characteristics and rates of sediment accretion over time. 相似文献
5.
典型电厂海洋CO2地质储存场地选址适宜性评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国华东和东部沿海地区分布有大量的火电、水泥和炼油等CO2排放源,但由于距离陆域大中型沉积盆地较远,限制了规模化的深部咸水层CO2地质储存工程选址。本文以华能玉环电厂为实例,开展了东海陆架盆地瓯江凹陷场地选址适宜性评估。通过瓯江凹陷CO2地质储存地质条件分析,初步圈定出了发育有利储盖层的目标靶区,并依次开展了地质安全性和经济适宜性分析。利用碳封存领导人论坛潜力评估公式,计算了目标靶区推荐储层的单位面积储存潜力;并在构建综合储集条件、地质安全性条件和经济适宜性条件的指标体系基础上,开展了GIS多源信息叠加评估,在丽水西次凹内筛选出两处较好的场地。研究对开展该区海域CO2地质储存选址具有一定的探索意义。 相似文献
6.
农田土壤固碳潜力研究的关键科学问题 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：25
农田生态系统在陆地生态系统碳循环中扮演着重要的角色。增加农田土壤有机碳的固定不仅可减少大气CO2含量,而且对保障国家粮食安全具有举足轻重的作用。近年来评估土壤固碳潜力已成为国际科学界研究的热点和难点。但由于不同研究者对“潜力”范畴的界定不同,全球或区域尺度农田土壤固碳潜力的估算还存在很大的不确定性。所谓固碳潜力,即土壤碳的饱和水平或土壤所容纳碳的最大能力。这一能力受区域气候、土壤类型、农业管理措施的综合影响。故此,合理地评价固碳潜力,应综合考虑气候、土壤和农业措施诸因素,并将宏观尺度与微观尺度的研究结合起来。从固碳潜力概念范畴及研究方法出发,阐述了农田土壤固碳潜力的研究现状,并结合生物潜力和物理化学潜力的研究,提出区域农田土壤固碳潜力的计量方案,并就该研究领域亟需回答的科学问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
7.
Nie Hongtao Wang Rui Zhao Wei Luo Xiaofan Qi Di Lu Youyu Zhang Yuanhui Wei Hao 《地球科学进展》2017,32(10):1084-1092
Challenged by the enormous pressure to reduce the global carbon emission, it is expected that the Arctic Ocean could absorb additional atmospheric CO2 with the retreating of sea-ice. The Chukchi Sea and adjacent waters, characterized by the highest carbon fixation in the global ocean and large carbon flux into the deep-ocean for sequestration, make substantial contributions to carbon cycling in the entire Arctic Ocean. Understanding the response mechanism of carbon cycling in this region to the rapidly changing environment is the foundation for the prediction of carbon sink in the Arctic Ocean. However, the response of carbon absorption and storage to climate change is still controversial, and the main controlling factors of the carbon cycle process remain unclear.Thus, to establish high-resolution coupled ocean-ice-carbon models can explore the influence of sea ice retreat on atmospheric CO2 and the vertical sinking carbon fluxes in Chukchi Sea, estimate the effectiveness of growing inflow and slope upwelling on carbon sink/source patterns, discuss the response of deep-ocean carbon sequestration to the changing environment, and evaluate the effectiveness of continental shelf pump in the Chukchi Sea as well as its role in the global carbon sink. Based on the challenge for the research of the Chukchi Sea carbon cycle research with rapidly changing climate, the basic ideas of establishing Arctic Ocean carbon cycling model as well as its key scientific issues to be resolved were proposed. 相似文献
8.
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology is currently recognized as the most effective way to mitigate greenhouse gas. CO2 geological storage is the key technique in CCS, and monitoring the safety of CO2 geological storage runs through the whole CCS project from CO2 injection and after closure. 4D seismic monitoring technique is the most effective way to monitor the leakage of CO2 and to confirm the safety of CO2 sequestration. Traditional 4D seismic technology predicts saturation of CO2 and pressure distribution in reservoir by comparing two vintages seismic amplitude and travel time from two or repeated 3D seismic data before and after CO2 injection or between two different injection stages. 4D multicomponent seismic monitoring has a great potential to be explored. Because shear wave velocity is sensitive to pressure, we may discriminate pore pressure distribution by using 4D multicomponent seismic information. For anisotropy reservoir, we may confirm the change of reservoir fissures and fractures as well as reservoir and caprock stress status before and after CO2 injection through comparing difference of travel time and amplitude of PS1 and PS2 wave in two vintages seismic acquisition. Furthermore, we will find out potential CO2 leakage risk area more accurately and evaluate the safety of CO2 sequestration more reliablely by combining rock physics experiment and dipole sonic log data with 4D multicomponent seismic monitoring. 相似文献
9.
碳捕集与封存(Carbon Capture and Storage,CCS)技术作为缓解全球气候变暖、减少CO2排放的有效路径之一,其潜力评估至关重要。目前CCS技术主要包括CO2强化石油(天然气)开采封存技术、CO2驱替煤层气封存技术以及咸水层CO2封存技术3类。各类封存技术利用了不同的封存机制,其潜力评估方法也略有差别。油气藏封存和咸水层封存主要利用了构造圈闭储存、束缚空间储存、溶解储存、矿化储存等封存机制,煤层气封存主要利用了吸附封存机制。国内外学者和机构针对各类封存技术提出了相应的计算方法,依据其计算原理可归纳为4类: 物质平衡封存量计算法、有效容积封存量计算法、溶解机制封存量计算法以及考虑多种捕获机制的综合封存量计算法。通过对各类经典方法及其计算原理进行综述,剖析潜力封存量计算方法的内涵原理和应用场景,分析了CO2地质封存潜力评价方法在实际应用中面临的问题,有助于提升我国的CCS潜力评价质量。 相似文献
10.
2030年前实现碳达峰,2060年前实现碳中和是2020年我国提出的国家重大战略目标。以当前我国的二氧化碳排放及能源结构现状,要实现这一伟大目标形势十分严峻。介绍了全球碳循环过程,阐述了碳源与碳汇对于大气CO2浓度的贡献,从减源与增汇2个方面,初步分析了地质调查在推动碳达峰与碳中和目标实现中的作用与可能的贡献,并提出了地质解决路径。生态碳汇固然非常重要,但仍不能完全消除人为CO2排放,且其具有不确定性,因此,需要充分发挥地质调查作用、挖掘地质碳汇潜力,使其成为实现碳中和目标过程中不可或缺的有力支撑。 相似文献
11.
土壤有机碳(SOC)是评价土壤肥力和固碳能力的重要指标。因此,研究土壤有机碳的变化,对准确评价区域土壤固碳潜力,实现土壤资源的可持续利用具有重要的意义。利用黑龙江省第二次土壤普查数据和2019年实测土壤数据,运用GIS空间分析方法,分析了1986—2019年黑龙江省松嫩平原表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)的时空变化特征,运用土壤类型法估算了土壤有机碳储量,运用平衡法估算了土壤固碳潜力。结果表明:30多年来表层SOCD平均减少1.06 kg/m2,SOCD减少的地区主要分布在黑龙江省松嫩平原中部和东南部地区;表层SOC储量减少约143.99 Tg,SOC储量减少较多的土壤类型是草甸土、黑钙土和黑土,三者减少量占总SOC储量减少量的84.55%;当前黑龙江省松嫩平原表层土壤固碳潜力为-2.08 Tg,其中暗棕壤、白浆土、黑土为正潜力,其余土壤类型为负潜力。建议通过增施有机化肥、秸秆还田、推广免耕少耕等方法措施,以提高松嫩平原土壤固碳潜力。 相似文献
12.
为了实现IPCC 提出的控温1.5℃的目标，矿物封存因其具有长期稳定性和安全性的特点而成为研究热点，文章选取富镁尾矿作为封存原料进行研究。该尾矿为盐湖钾盐生产废弃物，由于无法利用，一直困扰当地产业。将其利用为封存二氧化碳的原料，可实现以废治废。文章通过实验研究不同反应温度（0、20、50、80℃） 下二氧化碳吸收和碳酸盐沉淀两个核心过程，探讨二氧化碳在MgCl2-NH3-H2O 体系中的反应路径和速率，发现二氧化碳在气—液界面的动力学反应速率常数
是限制CO2传质的重要因素，对温度和反应速率常数进行建模发现两者关系为： kapp=1.4857×105 exp(-1974/T) 。另外，通过对比不同温度下的二氧化碳吸收率和碳沉淀速率，提出最佳的实验温度条件，为富镁尾矿规模化封存二氧化碳提供参考。 相似文献
13.
中国土壤有机碳库量与农业土壤碳固定动态的若干问题 总被引：108，自引：3，他引：108
在整理和统计国内对土壤有机碳及其变化的文献资料基础上,着重讨论中国土壤有机碳库及其分布、不同时期土壤有机碳的变化以及最近时期有机碳的固定趋势,分析我国不同土壤有机碳的保护机制的特点,期望对于我国当前土壤有机碳库与全球变化研究提供参考依据。我国总土壤有机碳库的估计在50—180Pg之间。估计我国表层土壤有机碳库为20Pg,它主要分配于几个与湿地和水成过程有关的土壤类型,且水稻土占有较大比例。因而我国人为土的管理在陆地生态系统碳循环与全球变化上有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
Pan Wenjie Yang Xiaomin Zhang Xiaodong Li Zimin Yang Shilei Wu Yuntao Hao Qian Song Zhaoliang 《地球科学进展》2017,32(8):859-866
Phytolith-Occluded Carbon (PhytOC), a relatively stable carbon fraction, plays an important role in biogeochemical carbon cycle and mitigation of global warming. The formation mechanisms of PhytOC, the influence factors of phytolith carbon sequestration, the advances in study of phytolith carbon sequestration, and the management for enhancing the potential of phytolith carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems of China were summarized in this review. Finally, future researches on phytolith carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems of China were prospected. Climates, vegetation types, soil circumstances, the chemical compositions of the phytoliths and other factors will directly or indirectly affect the potential of phytolith carbon sequestration. In China, the PhytOC production quantity in grassland, cropland, forest, wetland and shrub ecosystems is (0.6±0.1)×106,(4.9±1.7)×106,(1.9±0.4)×106,(0.6±0.5)×106 and (1.3±0.3)×106 t CO2/a, respectively. Application of silicon-containing fertilizer, cultivation of high-silicon plant, and traditional enhancement of the plant net primary productivity can significantly improve the potential of phytolith carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems of China. Future studies should focus more on ①the mechanisms of phytolith formation in different plants, ②the phytolith carbon sequestration in underground parts of plants from different terrestrial ecosystems, ③the quantification of soil PhytOC in different terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, more comprehensive, economical and reasonable management practices of improving the potential of phytolith carbon sequestration should also be further studied in different terrestrial ecosystems. 相似文献
15.
鄂尔多斯盆地JX井延长组砂岩固碳潜力分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
神华集团在我国CO2地下埋藏的潜在目标区(鄂尔多斯盆地)实施的CO2注入工程仍存在有关其注入层之上泥岩盖层安全性方面的争议.通过对与神华集团CO2注入井相邻且钻遇地层系统、岩石组合一致的JX井三叠系延长组(位于注入层之上)的研究预测一旦CO2透过盖层后的再续固碳能力.研究层位岩屑样品类型主要为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,其次为岩屑砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩;其物源区岩石类型主要为长英质火山岩、其次为中性火山岩及少量富含石英的沉积岩,具中性斜长岩成分特征;其上段(466~534 m)及下段(666~958 m)砂岩母岩受到弱-中等化学蚀变,并可能经历了再旋回过程;中段(534~666 m)砂岩母岩未受化学蚀变影响,并可能为第一次旋回沉积物.作为潜在的CO2再续固碳场所,延长组砂岩具有实现CO2矿物圈闭的物质条件及形成片钠铝石、方解石、铁白云石和菱铁矿等固碳矿物的潜力. 相似文献
16.
煤层CO2地质封存可实现CO2减排和增产煤层气双重目标,是一种极具发展前景的碳封存技术。相对于其他封存地质体而言,煤的微孔极其发育,煤层CO2封存机制与煤中气、水微观作用关系密切,其内在影响机理尚不清楚。以2个烟煤样品的系统煤岩学分析测试为基础,构建了煤的大分子结构及板状孔隙空间模型,进一步采用分子动力学方法模拟了不同温、压条件下、不同煤基质类型表面的CO2和水的润湿行为,揭示煤层CO2注入后引起的水润湿性变化规律,初步阐明煤层CO2封存的可注性、封存潜力、封存有效性等影响因素及微观作用机理。结果表明：(1)影响煤润湿性的主要因素是煤中极性含氧官能团,其含量越高煤的润湿性越强;(2)煤中注入CO2后,CO2通过溶解作用穿透水分子层与水分子发生竞争吸附,从而减小水在煤表面润湿性;(3)随注入压力增大和温度降低,煤表面CO2吸附量增多,对氢键破坏作用增强,润湿性减弱越明显;(4)亲水性煤层CO<... 相似文献
17.
人类巨量碳排放究竟导致什么后果,争议颇大,只有深入研究始新世以来大气CO2浓度与环境变化,才有可能正确认识未来人类自身巨量碳排放之后果。大量研究揭示出: 从始新世到渐新世末期,大气CO2浓度大幅下降,全球变冷,形成了大陆冰川; 中新世至今,大气CO2浓度在低浓度背景之下长周期缓慢下降。当前尚不清楚何种机制主导了这一变化过程,也不清楚形成大陆冰川的水来自何方。为此,从青藏高原深部碳循环、表层水循环和环境变化的角度探讨这些问题,再分析未来人类巨量碳排放之后果。青藏高原在生长、隆升过程中,通过硅酸岩化学风化、植物光合作用、陆内俯冲(深埋)、水岩反应等方式,持续将巨量大气CO2转化为富含碳元素的固、流体,封存在青藏高原新生的厚地壳之中,大幅降低了大气CO2浓度,导致了全球变冷、大陆内陆(含青藏高原,下同)表层失水变干,形成了大陆冰川。渐新世—中新世之交,青藏高原生长到改变大气环流的规模,形成了亚洲季风,大陆内陆进一步荒漠化,捕获CO2的量大幅下降,并与青藏高原内部所释放CO2的量达到了准动态平衡,这是中新世以来大气CO2浓度变化的主要机制。人类巨量碳排放彻底扭转了大气CO2浓度长周期缓慢下降的趋势,大陆冰川因全球变暖所形成的液态水不会长期停留在海洋里,而以大气降水的方式重新回到干冷的大陆内陆,青藏高原将因此再次成为巨型水塔,缓解30多亿人的清洁饮用水问题。持续生长的高原和当前干冷荒漠化的大陆内陆通过前述多种方式固化人类排放的巨量CO2,导致未来大气CO2浓度在较高浓度背景下保持稳定,届时沙漠变绿洲,黄土高原变成有机质丰富的黑土高原,人居环境大幅改善; 但在盆地内部,PM2.5难以扩散,易形成雾霾。全球平均海平面因海水热膨胀而缓慢上升,上升速率约为1 mm/a。水主要在大陆冰川与内陆表层之间循环,与海平面升降之间没有因果关系。因此,人类巨量碳排放所导致的全球变暖对于人类自身的发展是利大于弊。 相似文献
18.
目前约25%化石燃料来源的CO2被海洋吸收,缓解了人类活动对气候变化的影响。海洋通过多个概念的碳泵将大气中的CO2输送到深海。深海高压和低温的特点有利于CO2溶解,目前已经储存了相当于大气含量50倍的无机碳,另外,深海沉积物中还储存有大量甲烷水合物。认识深海中的碳循环过程,对于保护海洋固碳能力、开发固碳潜力有重要意义。总结了国内外在海洋碳库、碳输送研究方面的进展,重点讨论了深海C元素转化循环的过程以及高压对生命活动的影响。微生物驱动了深海碳循环,大部分浮游植物所包含的有机碳在沉降过程中被微生物矿化成CO2以及转化为难降解的有机碳,使深海成为巨大的、长周转时间的有机碳库; 高压能提高古菌甲烷厌氧氧化的活性,提升屏蔽海底甲烷释放的能力,同时,高压下氧化甲烷的过程中不仅产生碳酸氢盐,还产生可支持异养生物的乙酸,因此,全球甲烷厌氧氧化的通量可能被低估; 高压下细胞代谢额外产生的氨,可作为氨氧化古菌固定无机碳的潜在能量来源。总之,研究现在以及未来的人类活动对深海碳循环过程的影响以及环境效应,评估应用深海作为地球工程技术平台封存CO2的可能性,都迫切需要加深对碳循环在内的深海元素循环的认识。 相似文献
19.
二氧化碳地质封存是实现减排增汇的重要技术选择,能够将CO2长期、安全地封存在地下岩层中。常规的CO2封存地质体包括地下深部咸水层和枯竭油气藏,玄武岩是近年来逐渐受关注的新一类CO2封存地质体,进一步丰富和拓展了CO2地质封存的技术手段和碳汇潜力。封存潜力评估是CO2地质封存技术发展的重要基础工作之一,文章系统梳理国内外玄武岩矿化封存潜力的评价方法,对比分析各类方法的原理机制和应用情景,并以冰岛活动裂谷带玄武岩为例应用、对比各类方法。研究认为目前玄武岩矿化封存潜力评估方法一般包括三类：(1)单位矿化法：基于玄武岩单位体积或单位反应面积的固碳量开展潜力评估;(2)矿物置换法：基于玄武岩中可固碳矿物的总量开展封存潜力评估;(3)孔隙充填法：基于CO2矿化后产生次生矿物所占岩石孔隙体积比例的上限值开展封存潜力评估。单位矿化法的评估数据需进行系统的实验分析,增加了潜力评估的难度。当玄武岩储层孔隙度较大、可固碳矿物含量相对较小时,矿物置换法较为合适;反之,孔隙充填法更... 相似文献
20.
Each winter, populations of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) migrate north from the coastal mid-Atlantic region of the US to the coastal waters of New England. During this migration, striped bass spend significant time in estuaries and saltmarshes, presumably to forage. However, the extent to which saltmarsh productivity supports striped bass remains unresolved. We used a three-isotope Bayesian mixing model to determine the relative contribution of three primary producers [C4 saltmarsh cordgrass (Spartina spp.), phytoplankton, and benthic diatoms] to striped bass tissue. Phytoplankton (51 % contribution) and Spartina-derived sources (44 % contribution) are the primary sources of production to striped bass, while benthic diatoms made a relatively small contribution (5 %). Our results highlight the importance of saltmarshes to striped bass by showing that primary producers unique to saltmarsh ecosystems support a large proportion of striped bass production. 相似文献