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1.
BENN  K.; ALLARD  B. 《Journal of Petrology》1989,30(4):925-946
Detailed study of Shape Preferred Orientations (SPOs) and LatticePreferred Orientations (LPOs) of olivine, clinopyroxene, andplagioclase have been carried out for samples of compositionallylayered gabbro from the lower crustal section of the Oman ophiolite.These gabbros have a strong magmatic foliation and magmaticlineation which are oblique with respect to the compositionallayering. The results of SPO analysis indicate that the rockfabric is due to a laminar viscous magmatic flow within theophiolite magma chamber. LPO fabrics correspond to SPO fabricsproving that mineral shape anisometry corresponds to anisotropicgrowth rates controlled by crystal structure. Magmatic flowhas been induced by a deformation including an important componentof non-coaxial strain, as indicated by the monoclinic symmetryof the SPO fabric. It is proposed that the monoclinic symmetrymay be used to determine shear sense during magmatic flow. Dueto non-coaxial deformation in the magmatic state, the magmaticfoliation would tend towards parallelism with compositionallayering. The obliquity between magmatic foliation and compositionallayering may thus provide a field criterion for magmatic shearsense determination.  相似文献   

2.
LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon dating of the Sanpinggou, Gangou and Fengzishan granitoids in the Douling Group of the Eastern Qinling yields ages of 760-685 Ma, which represents a strong tectono-magmatic event in the southern Qinling during the late Neoproterozoic. Geochemical data show that these intrusions have wide compositions ranging from minor gabbros through diorites to granodiorites. They are relatively enriched in LILE, poor in HFSE and strongly depleted in Nb and Ta, displaying affinities of Ⅰ-type granites formed in an active continental margin with oceanic subduction. In contrast to granitoids, gabbros and enclaves in the granitoids have higher REE abundances, relatively flat REE patterns, lower LILE, slightly higher HFSE and more depletion in Nb and Ta. All these suggest that the gabbros were formed by partial melting of the upper mantle above the subduction zone and the granitoids by the partial melting of the lower crust. Combined with regional geological data, the subduction-related granitoids in  相似文献   

3.
Both magmatic and eclogitic parageneses are preserved in the gabbros of western Alpine ophiolites. Samples with relic magmatic mineralogies display partial transformation to eclogitic assemblages along cracks and grain boundaries. Gabbros with eclogitic mineralogies contain zoned pseudomorphs after olivine, comprising talc-rich cores with kyanite, Mg-chloritoid and omphacite in outer cores and garnet rims. The compositional zonation of these olivine pseudomorphs closely parallels that shown by olivines in hydrothermally altered ocean-floor gabbros. The eclogitic gabbros are hydrous, containing paragonite, zoisite and other water-bearing minerals, and it has been suggested that water was introduced during high-pressure metamorphism. However, the similarity of olivine alteration patterns to those of ocean-floor gabbros suggests that hydration and local metasomatism leading to the stability of aluminous minerals in olivine sites occurred during hydrothermal alteration prior to subduction. Oxygen-isotope systematics are consistent with this proposal: Alpine gabbros with magmatic relics have a mean δ18O value of 5.7±0.7, similar to that of unaltered oceanic crust, whereas eclogitic gabbros have a mean δ18O value of 4.8±0.9.This statistically significant difference is consistent with the eclogitic samples having undergone high-temperature ocean-floor alteration. The preservation of magmatic and hydrothermal δ18O values in ocean-floor gabbros that have been metamorphosed at 2–2.5 GPa (60–75 km) implies that the deeper levels of ocean crust have not experienced pervasive fluid flow during subduction or subsequent exhumation. Magmatic assemblages were preserved despite an overstep of eclogitization reactions by at least 0.6–1.1 GPa implying that equilibrium was not attained in undeformed parts of the system because of slow diffusion in water-deficient rock volumes.  相似文献   

4.
The Cretaceous gabbros in the Fujian coastal region, southeastern China, experienced different magmatic and tectonic processes associated with deformation of the Changle-Nanao shear zone. Group 1 gabbros (115 Ma) show marked LILE (e.g., Sr, Ba and K) and LREE enrichment, and HFSE (e.g., Ta, Nb, Zr and Hf) depletion, strongly suggesting an island-arc affinity. The parental magma of group 1 gabbros, arguably derived from an arc-related source mantle modified by previous subduction, rose into and interacted with the coexisting syntectonic granitic magma generated during the main stage of shear zone deformation, and produced the gabbro-diorite-granite complexes. Group 2 and 3 gabbros (106-95 Ma) possibly formed by coupling of the subduction-modified source mantle with part of undepleted mantle (e.g., Nb enrichment) in an extensional environment at the end of deformation. Their parental magmas did not undergo significant magma mixing but produced a cumulate nature. All the three groups of gabbros were contaminated by crustal material during the processes of intrusion and emplacement.  相似文献   

5.
The Achala batholith of Argentina contains very unusual layered enclaves containing up to 30% apatite and 50% biotite in some layers. This modal mineralogy produces bulk-rock compositions that cannot represent liquids, having as little as 29% SiO2 and up to 8% P2O5. Nor can the enclaves represent metasedimentary xenoliths because: (1) none of the Precambrian wall rocks has these compositions; (2) none of the metasedimentary xenoliths present within the batholith shows any degree of transition to the mica-apatite-rich enclaves; (3) the compositions and textures in the enclaves are inconsistent with metasediments; (4) a geochronological study of zircon from an enclave gives an age of 368 ± 2 Ma, the exact age of zircons in the granitic host rocks. For these reasons, we conclude that the enclaves are neither xenoliths of Precambrian wall rocks nor restite of a Precambrian source. The identical age of the enclave and the host granites, coupled with textural, mineralogical, and bulk-rock characteristics of the enclaves, indicates that the enclaves are magmatic segregations, i.e., cumulates. The F-rich nature of the stubby-shaped apatites and biotites indicates a high F content of the magma parental to the enclaves. We infer that the viscosity of the melt was lowered sufficiently to allow cumulates to form in spite of the granitic composition of the melt. Received: 12 December 1996 / Accepted: 11 August 1997  相似文献   

6.
The Ust’-Belaya mafic-ultramafic massif is assigned to the Western Koryak fold belt and largely composed of residual spinel peridotites, layered spinel and plagioclase peridotites, and gabbros. These rocks are crosscut by occasional plagiogranite and diorite veins and exhibit locally a close spatial association with basalts and carbonate-sedimentary deposits of Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous age. Based on this evidence, the massif was ascribed to the pre-Late Devonian ophiolite association. Our study presents new U-Pb SHPIMP II zircon ages and petrographic and mineralogical data on samples of the layered amphibole gabbro and vein diorite from the Ust’-Belaya massif. The approximate concordant U-Pb age corresponding to a timing of of amphibole gabbro crystallization is 799 ± 15 Ma, and the concordant U-Pb age reflecting a timing of of vein diorite crystallization is 575 ± 10 Ma. These ages coupled with geological studies of the massif, petrological and mineralogical investigations of the dated samples, as well as literature data on the petrology of peridotites and the age of formed plagiogranites suggest that the peridotites and layered gabbros of the Ust’-Belaya massif were formed by the Late Riphean, whereas the vein diorite and plagiogranite were resulted from a later (Vendian-Cambrian) magmatic stage. The peridotites and gabbros of the massif display no genetic relationship with spatially associated basalts and sedimentary rocks and, thus, they cannot be considered as members the pre-Late Devonian ophiolitic association. The results of this study will inevitably lead to a significant revision of geological and geodynamic interpretations of the Ust’-Belaya mafic-ultramafic massif. However, uneven study of the Precambrian complexes of the Koryak and Chukchi areas, their evolution in different structures of the region cannot yet be described by a single geodynamic scenario.  相似文献   

7.
Magmatic enclaves from the Rudolfov quarry near Liberec (Czech Republic) are interpreted to represent remnants of lamprophyric melt that intruded the Karkonosze granite at a stage at which the granite was not fully solidified. Based on the observation that larger enclaves are generally more circular than the smaller ones, we conclude that bigger blobs of mafic magma became more spherical during flow in the gravity field (sink or float). This flow is also interpreted to be responsible for the incorporation of mineral grains into the enclaves and may have facilitated the assimilation of granitic melt. Linear mixing trends on Harker diagrams for most network-forming and mainly slow-diffusing or fluid-immobile elements indicate such an assimilation process between granite and lamprophyre. In contrast, all fast-diffusing or fluid-mobile elements display scattered element distributions, implying that chemical diffusion also played a role. Pressure and temperature for this late magmatic stage are estimated at around 1 kbar and 500°C. These results suggest that two processes modified the composition of the enclaves in the Karkonosze granite: (1) assimilation (mechanical mixing) of granitic melt during the injection of the lamprophyric melt and the subsequent flow of the forming enclaves in the gravity field (responsible for the linear mixing trends) and (2) diffusion-controlled redistribution of elements between both solidifying rock types at the magmatic stage and/or due to late-stage magmatic fluids (responsible for the scattering and deviation from the linear mixing trends).  相似文献   

8.
Abstract  Abundant mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) extensively distribute in granitoids in the Gangdisê giant magmatic belt, within which the Qüxü batholith is the most typical MME‐bearing pluton. Systematic sampling for granodioritic host rock, mafic microgranular enclaves and gabbro nearby at two locations in the Qüxü batholith, and subsequent zircon SHRIMP II U‐Pb dating have been conducted. Two sets of isotopic ages for granodioritic host rock, mafic microgranular enclaves and gabbro are 50.4±1.3 Ma, 51.2±1.1 Ma, 47.0±1 Ma and 49.3±1.7 Ma, 48.9±1.1 Ma, 49.9±1.7 Ma, respectively. It thus rules out the possibilities of mafic microgranular enclaves being refractory residues after partial melting of magma source region, or being xenoliths of country rocks or later intrusions. Therefore, it is believed that the three types of rocks mentioned above likely formed in the same magmatic event, i.e., they formed by magma mixing in the Eocene (c. 50 Ma). Compositionally, granitoid host rocks incline towards acidic end member involved in magma mixing, gabbros are akin to basic end member and mafic microgranular enclaves are the incompletely mixed basic magma clots trapped in acidic magma. The isotopic dating also suggested that huge‐scale magma mixing in the Gangdisê belt took place 15–20 million years after the initiation of the India‐Asia continental collision, genetically related to the underplating of subduction‐collision‐induced basic magma at the base of the continental crust. Underplating and magma mixing were likely the main process of mass‐energy exchange between the mantle and the crust during the continental collision, and greatly contributed to the accretion of the continental crust, the evolution of the lithosphere and related mineralization beneath the portion of the Tibetan Plateau to the north of the collision zone.  相似文献   

9.
M. Lachize  J. P. Lorand  T. Juteau 《Lithos》1996,38(3-4):207-232
The Wadi Haymiliyah section, in the Haylayn block (Semail ophiolite, Oman) displays an unusual plutonic sequence closely similar to those of supra-subduction zone harzburgitic ophiolites (“Troodos sub-type”). It comprizes a bottom, 1000 m-thick, coarse-grained layered gabbro unit (MLGU) overlain by a 1000 m-thick, fine-grained, laminated noritic gabbro unit (MLNGU). Taken as a whole, the mineralogical and bulk-rock trends of the Haymiliah plutonic sequence are those of arc-related calc-alkaline plutons. The MLGU layered gabbros are olivine gabbros and gabbros which differ from low-P cumulates of MORB (oceanic gabbros) by Fe3+-rich cumulus chrome spinel [Fe3+/(Fe3+ + Al + Cr) = 0.2-0.3], diopside (Mg# = 85–91) co-crystallized with highly calcic plagioclase (An96-80) and intercumulus magnesian orthopyroxene (Mg# = 87-80). Plagioclase remains highly calcic at decreasing Fo content, indicating crystallization under high water pressure (> 500 bar). Despite an abrupt decrease in grain size, there exists modal and chemical gradations between MLGU and MLNGU. In the uppermost part of the MLGU, coarse-grained, gabbroic cyclic units culminate with two-pyroxene gabbros containing up to 20 wt.% cumulus Opx. These latter are interbedded over a thickness of ca. 300 m with fine-grained two-pyroxene gabbros and noritic gabbros layers which differ only by slightly higher modal opx and plagioclase contents. The bottom of the MLNGU is marked by norite layers containg up to 80 wt.% plagioclase, cumulus Ti-magnetite and abundant intercumulus Ti-pargasite. Unlike low-pressure differentiates of MORBs, the MLNGU lacks pigeonite and Fe-Ti oxide layers. Cumulus titanomagnetite appears immediately after the orthopyroxene (Mg# = 72–76) in the crystallization order of the norites. The abundance of interstitial Ti-poor pargasite increases at the top of the MLNGU which is brecciated by dioritic differentiates. Both features indicate increasing water pressure and oxygen fugacity (NNO + 2 log units) symptomatic of closed-system magmatic differentiation. Mg#'s of both pyroxenes (70–80) decrease moderately relative to the MLGU coarse-grained gabbros. This and the increase of plagioclase and orthopyroxene modal proportions produce increasing SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and Sr contents at nearly constant FeO/MgO in bulk-rock chemistry. This feature similar to the calc-alkaline differentiation trend, is due primarily to a parental tholeiitic magma more hydrated and oxidized than MORBs (ƒO2 = NNO instead of NNO-2 to NNO-3 log unit); this trend is fully developed in the Wadi Haymiliah section because closure of the magma reservoir in this region allowed larger extent of magmatic differentiation than in other blocks of the Semail ophiolite. The water-rich and oxidized nature of the parental magmas argues for the evolution of the Semail ophiolite in a marginal basin above a subduction zone rather than at a mature oceanic spreading center.  相似文献   

10.
镁铁质微粒包体在南岭中段中、晚侏罗世花岗岩中分布十分普遍，其分布规律是，岩体内同阶段较早次形成的岩石单元含量高，较晚次单元中含量少甚至无；与钨、锡、钼、铋等多金属矿有关的花岗岩体中微粒包体的含量高且个体大，而与矿化无关的岩体中含量少、个体小。对包体的颜色、形态、结构、成分、岩性等方面的综合研究表明，包体为岩浆成因。包体中出现明显的不平衡矿物组舍和结构，发育针状磷灰石晶体，出现嵌晶状石英和碱性长石，显示出岩浆混合的岩相学特征，表明该区中、晚侏罗世花岗岩的成因为壳一幔岩浆混合而成的。研究还表明，区内岩浆混合作用的强弱、基性物质加入的多少都与锡成矿作用的好坏有直接关系。  相似文献   

11.
Review of Microstructural Evidence of Magmatic and Solid-State Flow   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  
Evidence of magmatic flow includes: (a) parallel to sub-parallel alignment of elongate euhedral crystals (e.g., of feldspar or hornblende) that are not internally deformed, (b) imbrication (‘tiling’) of elongate euhedral crystals that are not internally deformed, (c) insufficient solid-state strain in regions between aligned or imbricated crystals to accommodate phenocryst rotation, (d) elongation of microgranitoid enclaves without plastic deformation of the minerals, (e) magmatic flow foliations and elongate microgranitoid enclaves deflected around xenoliths, and (f) schlieren layering (if due to flow sorting) in the absence of plastic deformation of the minerals involved. These features are consistent with rotation of crystals in a much weaker medium, namely a melt phase, at a stage when the magma has become viscous enough to preserve the alignment.Evidence of solid-state flow includes: (a) internal deformation and recrystallization of grains, (b) recrystallized “tails,” (c) elongation of recrystallized aggregates (e.g. of quartz and mica), (d) grainsize reduction, (e) fine-grained folia anastomosing around less deformed relics, (f) microcline twinning, (g) myrmekite, (h) flame perthite, (i) boudinage of strong minerals, typically with recrystallized aggregates of weaker minerals (e.g. quartz and mica) between the boudins, (j) foliation passing through, rather than around enclaves, and (k) heterogeneous strain with local mylonitic zones.Several criteria suggest “submagmatic flow,” including recrystallized feldspar, inferred transitions from magmatic imbrication to solid-state S/C arrangements, evidence of c-slip in quartz, and especially evidence of migration of residual melt into lower-pressure sites.Recent experimental studies indicate that a change from grain-supported flow to suspension flow typically occurs in deforming magmas at melt contents of between 20% to 40%, and that large amounts of strain may accumulate in magmas without being recorded by the final fabric. At lower melt percentages, perhaps as low as a few percent, depending on the minerals and their shapes, strain may be accommodated by: (a) melt-assisted grain-boundary sliding, (b) contact-melting assisted grain-boundary migration, (c) strain partitioning into melt-rich zones, (d) intracrystalline plastic deformation (c-slip in quartz indicating plastic deformation at temperatures near the granite solidus), and (f) transfer of melt to sites of low mean stress. The only indication of strain in the absence of crystal plasticity may be an alignment of crystals. Moreover, magmatic flow microstructures may be destroyed by fracturing, crystal plasticity and recrystallization before the magma reaches its solidus.Many rocks show evidence of solid-state flow superimposed on magmatic flow. Evidence of magmatic flow is commonly preserved in deformed felsic metamorphic rocks: for example the alignment of rectangular K-feldspar megacrysts and of microgranitoid enclaves. However, absence of alignment does not preclude a magmatic origin for K-feldspar megacrysts in felsic gneisses, as magmatic flow may cease before the magma becomes viscous enough to preserve an alignment.  相似文献   

12.
The Lyngen gabbro (LG), defining the major part of the Lyngen magmatic complex, is characterised by layered gabbros of N-MORB affinity (western suite) and layered gabbronorites, quartz-bearing gabbros and diorites/quartz-diorites of IAT (island-arc tholeiite) to boninitic affinity (eastern suite). The boundary between the eastern and western suites is generally defined by a large-scale ductile shear zone of suboceanic origin, the Rypdalen shear zone (RSZ). Tonalites occur within the RSZ and in the eastern suite of the LG. Variations in field occurrence and chemical composition of the tonalites suggest that they represent two petrologically different groups. Tonalite intrusion (the Vakkas pluton) up to 5 km2 large occur in the eastern suite of the LG, and are characterised by high Y contents (average 26 ppm) and high K2O/Rb ratios (average 0.062) compared to tonalites on the RSZ. The Vakkas pluton has lightly concave REE (rare earth element) patterns with negative Eu-anomalies, and positive ND-values (+3.7 to +3.9). Geochemical modelling based on the REE and field evidence suggests that these tonalites may have formed by fractional crystallization from a boninitic parental magma. Tonalites related to the RSZ form irregular veins and dikes that net vein the shear zone. They are characterised by low Y contents (average 6 ppm), low K2O/Rb ratios (average 0.025), and highly variable contents of Na2O, K2O, Sr and Ba, compared to the Vakkas pluton. Tonalites related to the RSZ show substantial variation in the content of the LREEs. They possess low abundances of the HREEs, and absence of, or slightly positive Eu-anomalies. The tonalites have highly variable ND-values (−0.6 to −9.4), probably resulting from enrichment of Nd from an external source. Geochemical modelling suggests that the LREE-rich tonalites formed by H2O-rich partial melting of differentiated products from the eastern suite of the LG. The presence of B in the fluid phase is suggested by the presence of tourmaline-bearing tonalite pegmatites. Thus, the anatectic tonalites of this group could have been formed by water-excess melting of a variety of gabbroic cumulates of the LG. In the LG, LREE-depleted tonalites (ND-values +5.1) also occur, and these are best explained in terms of partial melting of gabbroic cumulates from the transition zone between the eastern and the western suites of the LG.  相似文献   

13.
The S-type Peninsula Pluton (South Africa) exhibits substantial compositional variability and hosts a large variety of mafic and felsic magmatic enclaves with contrasting textures and compositions. Moreover, the pluton is characterized by mechanical concentrations of K-feldspar megacrysts, cordierite and biotite, generating a complex array of magmatic structures including schlieren, pipes, and spectacular sheeted structures. Chemical evidence indicates that the pluton is constructed incrementally by rapid emplacement of numerous magma pulses. Field, and textural data suggest that magmatic structures form by local flow at the emplacement level of highly viscous crystal-rich magmas (i.e. crystallinity up to 50?vol.%) through magma mushes assembled from older batches. At the time of arrival of relatively late magma batches, some areas within the pluton had achieved crystal fractions that allowed the material to act as a solid, whilst maintaining enough melt to prevent formation of sharp intrusional contacts. Magmatic structures represent “snapshots” of processes that operate in multiphase crystal-rich mushes and their genesis is due to mechanical and thermal instabilities in the crystal-rich magma chamber that are triggered by the emplacement of pulses of new magma derived from the melting of a compositionally variable metasedimentary source.  相似文献   

14.
在片麻岩地区识别后期侵位的岩浆的流动特征,识别岩浆流动形成的岩浆岩、变质作用形成的片麻岩、韧性变形条件下形成的糜棱岩三者的差异和进行野外、室内不同环境下的判别,是现代岩石学、构造地质学需要重新审视的问题。通过对华北北缘大光顶岩体的塑性流动特征、相关的后期叠加韧性变形特征和区域变质片麻岩特征的比较,结合国内外对于岩浆塑性变形（magmatic flow）与韧性变形（solid-state flow）的比较研究,分析了在强变质岩石中如何分析和识别出岩浆的流动,这些岩浆的流动并不是区域变质作用形成的,也不是高温环境下韧性变形作用形成的,而是形成于岩浆侵位后期的冷却结晶作用。对于如何识别和分析岩浆流动提出了野外和室内的标志。  相似文献   

15.
Several I- and A-type granite, syenite plutons and spatially associated, giant Fe-Ti-V deposit-bearing mafic-ultramafic layered intrusions occur in the Pan-Xi (Panzhihua-Xichang) area within the inner zone of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP). These complexes are interpreted to be related to the Emeishan mantle plume. We present LA-ICP-MS and SIMS zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-Nd isotopic compositions for the gabbros, syenites and granites from these complexes. The dating shows that the age of the felsic intrusive magmatism (256.2 ± 3.0-259.8 ± 1.6 Ma) is indistinguishable from that of the mafic intrusive magmatism (255.4 ± 3.1-259.5 ± 2.7 Ma) and represents the final phase of a continuous magmatic episode that lasted no more than 10 Myr. The upper gabbros in the mafic-ultramafic intrusions are generally more isotopically enriched (lower εNd and εHf) than the middle and lower gabbros, suggesting that the upper gabbros have experienced a higher level of crustal contamination than the lower gabbros. The significantly positive εHf(t) values of the A-type granites and syenites (+4.9 to +10.8) are higher than those of the upper gabbros of the associated mafic intrusion, which shows that they cannot be derived by fractional crystallization of these bodies. They are however identical to those of the mafic enclaves (+7.0 to +11.4) and middle and lower gabbros, implying that they are cogenetic. We suggest that they were generated by fractionation of large-volume, plume-related basaltic magmas that ponded deep in the crust. The deep-seated magma chamber erupted in two stages: the first near a density minimum in the basaltic fractionation trend and the second during the final stage of fractionation when the magma was a low density Fe-poor, Si-rich felsic magma. The basaltic magmas emplaced in the shallow-level magma chambers differentiated to form mafic-ultramafic layered intrusions accompanied by a small amount of crustal assimilation through roof melting. Evolved A-type granites (synenites and syenodiorites) were produced dominantly by crystallization in the deep crustal magma chamber. In contrast, the I-type granites have negative εNd(t) [−6.3 to −7.5] and εHf(t) [−1.3 to −6.7] values, with the Nd model ages () of 1.63−1.67 Ga and Hf model ages () of 1.56−1.58 Ga, suggesting that they were mainly derived from partial melting of Mesoproterozoic crust. In combination with previous studies, this study also shows that plume activity not only gave rise to reworking of ancient crust, but also significant growth of juvenile crust in the center of the ELIP.  相似文献   

16.
周丽云  王瑜 《地质通报》2012,31(4):541-548
在片麻岩地区识别后期侵位的岩浆的流动特征,识别岩浆流动形成的岩浆岩、变质作用形成的片麻岩、韧性变形条件下形成的糜棱岩三者的差异和进行野外、室内不同环境下的判别,是现代岩石学、构造地质学需要重新审视的问题。通过对华北北缘大光顶岩体的塑性流动特征、相关的后期叠加韧性变形特征和区域变质片麻岩特征的比较,结合国内外对于岩浆塑性变形(magmatic flow)与韧性变形(solid-state flow)的比较研究,分析了在强变质岩石中如何分析和识别出岩浆的流动,这些岩浆的流动并不是区域变质作用形成的,也不是高温环境下韧性变形作用形成的,而是形成于岩浆侵位后期的冷却结晶作用。对于如何识别和分析岩浆流动提出了野外和室内的标志。  相似文献   

17.
Ron Harris 《Tectonophysics》2004,392(1-4):143
Analysis of internal structures of the Brooks Range ophiolite at the three largest and well-exposed klippen reveals a NE–SW structural grain that may parallel the original axis of magmatism of a slow spreading marginal ocean basin. Sub-parallel directions of lattice fabrics in olivine of mantle peridotite and shape fabrics in pyroxene and plagioclase of layered gabbro indicate that asthenospheric and magmatic flow was closely coupled. These structures, including the petrologic moho, mostly dip steeply to the NW and SE, with slightly oblique flow lineations. Sedimentary and volcanic cover deposits also dip SE. The few exposures found of sheeted dike complexes generally strike parallel, but dip orthogonal to both the petrologic moho and cover deposits. These structural features are locally disturbed by syn- and post-magmatic normal faults emblematic of slow-spreading ridge processes. However, the consistent geometry of structures over a distance of 200 km demonstrates not only that the magmatic system was organized in a similar manner to an oceanic ridge, but that there was little to no rotation of individual klippe during tectonic emplacement.Ductile fabrics related to tectonic emplacement yield top-to-the NNW sense of shear indicators. The basal thrust and accompanying serpentinized shear zone is mostly flat-lying and truncates the steeply dipping ductile fabric of the ophiolite. This relationship and paleomagnetic data from the igneous sequence suggest that flow fabrics were most likely moderately inclined at the time the ophiolite formed. Similar relationships are found at diapiric centers along oceanic ridges and in other ophiolite bodies.  相似文献   

18.
Summary ¶Mafic microgranular enclaves occur in most calc-alkaline granitoids, and it is widely accepted that they represent the remnants of basic magmas that interacted with more acid magmas. In this work we present new data on mafic microgranular enclaves occurring in the granodiorites of the Sithonia Plutonic Complex (Northern Greece). Enclave properties have been studied using different methods. Quantitative textural analysis has been carried out in order to decipher the crystallization history of enclaves once they have been entrained in the more acid and cooler host magma. In particular, the nucleation density (C), the mode (M) and the crystal index (n) of enclaves has been measured. Along with textural analysis, the size of enclaves has also been estimated using a method that, based on two-dimensional sections of enclaves, allows the estimation of volume of enclaves. Geochemical analyses have been performed to investigate the degree of chemical interaction that enclaves suffered from the host acid magma. The different data sets have been utilized to furnish a general evolutionary model of the magmatic interaction process between the basic and the acid magmas that led to the formation of the granodioritic host rock and related mafic microgranular enclaves. It is concluded that, as the magmatic interaction process proceeded, the crystallization of enclaves involved the nucleation of apatite and epidote (first stage of crystallization) followed by biotite, ± hornblende, plagioclase, and titanite (second stage of crystallization); the last minerals that nucleate were quartz and K-feldspar. During crystallization enclaves underwent contamination by the host acid magma through flow channels opened during the transfer of mineral phases from the host magma to the enclaves. When the two magmas attained similar rheological behaviour a two-end member mixing process was favoured inducing progressively more vigorous mixing dynamics. Volumetric analysis of enclaves indicates that the smaller ones suffered a more intense geochemical interaction compared to the larger ones. We interpret this evidence as being strictly related to the kinematics of the mixing process, the latter governed by chaotic dynamics. Enclaves are viewed as portions of the basic magma that did not mix completely with the acid host magma and survived the mixing process. Host rocks are considered as volumes of the magmatic system where the more efficient mixing dynamics produced different, generally higher, degrees of hybridisation.Received May 22, 2002; revised version accepted November 5, 2002 Published online February 24, 2003  相似文献   

19.
The Mesoarchean (ca. 3075 Ma) Ivisaartoq greenstone belt in southern West Greenland includes variably deformed and metamorphosed pillow basalts, ultramafic flows (picrites), serpentinized ultramafic rocks, gabbros, sulphide-rich siliceous layers, and minor siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Primary magmatic features such as concentric cooling-cracks and drainage cavities in pillows, volcanic breccia, ocelli interpreted as liquid immiscibility textures in pillows and gabbros, magmatic layering in gabbros, and clinopyroxene cumulates in ultramafic flows are well preserved in low-strain domains. The belt underwent at least two stages of calc-silicate metasomatic alteration and polyphase deformation between 2963 and 3075 Ma. The stage I metasomatic assemblage is composed predominantly of epidote (now mostly diopside) + quartz + plagioclase ± hornblende ± scapolite, and occurs mainly in pillow cores, pillow interstitials, and along pillow basalt-gabbro contacts. The origin of this metasomatic assemblage is attributed to seafloor hydrothermal alteration. On the basis of the common presence of epidote inclusions in diopside and the local occurrence of epidote-rich aggregates, the stage I metasomatic assemblage is interpreted as relict epidosite. The stage II metasomatic assemblage occurs as concordant discontinuous layered calc-silicate bodies to discordant calc-silicate veins commonly associated with shear zones. The stage II metasomatic assemblage consists mainly of diopside + garnet + amphibole + plagioclase + quartz ± vesuvianite ± scapolite ± epidote ± titanite ± calcite ± scheelite. Given that the second stage of metasomatism is closely associated with shear zones and replaced rocks with an early metamorphic fabric, its origin is attributed to regional dynamothermal metamorphism. The least altered pillow basalts, picrites, gabbros, and diorites are characterized by LREE-enriched, near-flat HREE, and HFSE (especially Nb)-depleted trace element patterns, indicating a subduction zone geochemical signature. Ultramafic pillows and cumulates display large positive initial εNd values of + 1.3 to + 5.0, consistent with a strongly depleted mantle source. Given the geological similarities between the Ivisaartoq greenstone belt and Phanerozoic forearc ophiolites, we suggest that the Ivisaartoq greenstone belt represents Mesoarchean supra-subduction zone oceanic crust.  相似文献   

20.
李再会  林仕良  丛峰  邹光富  谢韬 《地质学报》2012,86(7):1047-1062
高黎贡-腾梁花岗岩带是冈底斯花岗岩带的东延部分。腾梁花岗岩中辉长-闪长质包体、花岗岩、石英闪长岩密切共生。辉长-闪长质包体的结构构造、矿物学特征表明,它们是岩浆快速冷凝结晶的产物。地球化学数据显示,辉长-闪长质包体为钙碱性系列,具有低SiO2、高MgO和Mg#的特征,富集Rb、Sr、Th、Ba和Ce,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Yb和Y;寄主花岗岩为中钾—高钾钙碱性系列,准铝质到弱过铝质,富集Rb、Th、Zr和Hf,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Sr、P和Ba,具有中等程度的负Eu异常;石英闪长岩介于二者之间。锆石U-PbLA-ICP-MS定年显示,石英闪长岩形成年龄为127.10±0.96Ma,花岗岩形成年龄为123.8±2.5Ma。结合辉长-闪长质包体形成年龄为122.6Ma,三者年龄基本一致,从年代学角度为花岗岩、辉长-闪长质包体和石英闪长岩岩浆混合作用成因提供了证据。石英闪长岩锆石εHf(t)值变化于-7.61～-3.80。结合辉长-闪长质包体、花岗岩的εHf(t)值及地球化学特征,认为花岗岩来源于古老地壳的部分熔融,辉长-闪长质包体来源于地幔楔橄榄岩部分熔融,石英闪长岩为幔源岩浆与古老地壳部分熔融的岩浆完全混合的产物。腾梁地块早白垩世侵入岩很可能与班公湖-怒江洋壳岩石圈向南俯冲的动力学背景有关。  相似文献   

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