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2.
饱和砂砾料振动孔压与轴向应变发展模式研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用自行研制、开发的高精度中型动三轴仪,对文选定的砂砾料液化过程中的孔隙水压力增长和轴向应变发展模式进行了研究。同时,对剔除粒径大于5 mm后的模拟料,采用相似级配法,运用DS-2T型动三轴仪进行了一组平行试验。着重比较了砂砾料和模拟料在振动荷载作用下孔压、应变发展模式的区别。结果表明：在均压固结条件下,砂砾料在循环应力作用下,其孔压的发展模式与模拟料不同,可以用修正的反正弦进行拟合,而模拟料振动孔压的发展模式可用反正弦拟合;二者振动孔压均达不到初始有效固结围压,约为初始围压的90 %左右。模拟料与砂砾料在振动荷载作用下,应变发展模式不同。前者在初始液化前应变幅值较小且无明显增长,临近初始液化时应变大幅度增加导致试样突然破坏;后者在循环荷载作用过程中应变幅值一直稳定增加。 相似文献
3.
排水刚性桩是一种将竖向排水体与刚性桩相结合的新型抗液化处理措施。为研究排水刚性桩群桩的抗液化作用效果,开展了桩顶竖向荷载作用下排水刚性桩处理可液化地基的振动台试验研究,分析了地基土体的超孔压响应、加速度响应及桩顶结构的水平位移响应,并与未设置排水体的普通桩群桩工况进行对比。结果表明：加载开始后,排水桩桩身排水通道有大量超孔隙水排出,普通桩桩身没有排水现象。采用排水桩时超孔压比峰值比普通桩中减小12%,孔压消散稳定后超孔压比减小13%左右,排水桩桩身的排水通道对超孔压的消散作用集中在振动作用的前期。排水桩桩顶的侧向永久位移较普通桩桩顶侧向永久位移减小约27%。试样土体液化前,剪应力-应变滞回圈包络面积较大,土体呈现一定的剪胀特性。液化后,排水桩的剪应力-应变滞回圈的割线模量更大。上述试验结果均表明了排水刚性桩在抗液化方面的有效作用。 相似文献
4.
太原市深层孔隙水具有明显的水化学分带性,具体表现为由山前到盆地依次分布硫酸一重碳酸型水、重碳酸一硫酸型水、重碳酸型水,且各类地下水均大体在南北向上呈条带状展布,这与补给水的水化学状况密切相关．利用地球化学模拟软件PHREEQC建立一系列地下水混合模型对深层孔隙水的水化学形成过程进行模拟,结果显示：盆地北部的深层孔隙水受到北部边山岩溶水、盆地北部浅层孔隙水、汾河水的补给,其中北部边山岩溶水是最主要的补给源;盆地西部的深层孔隙水由西部边山岩溶水与盆地西部浅层孔隙水混合而成;盆地南部的深层孔隙水则由盆地北部与西部的深层水混合而成．混合作用是控制区域水化学状况的最重要的因素． 相似文献
5.
分析了岩石的孔隙和孔隙结构与岩石的成分尤其是泥质和粘土之间的密切联系,并从常规测井、核磁测井反映的孔隙度、泥质含量等参数入手,研究建立了常规测井资料划分三种孔隙组分的理论和实现方法,结合实际测井资料,对这些方法进行了检验。实例表明,根据该理论和方法确定的储层的三孔隙组分——粘土水孔隙、微孔隙水孔隙以及自由水孔隙组分可以取得较好的效果。 相似文献
6.
孔隙水压力变化规律是饱和粉土体宏观变形细观结构研究的基础。以阳光新城工程为例,采用现场试验方法对长螺旋CFG桩施工时的孔隙水压力(简称孔压)变化进行了监测,并根据监测结果对施工过程的孔隙水压力(简称孔压)变化进行了阶段划分。研究结果,长螺旋CFG桩施工过程中孔压变化规律与常规的剪切液化观点相悖,抽吸与窜孔对孔隙水压力变化影响显著,并解释了产生这种现象的原因。孔压极大值和极小值在一定范围内产生累加效应,表现为非对称性,而变化的幅度值呈近似对称性。根据幅度值大小确定了长螺旋CFG桩施工时的影响范围,其值与小孔扩张理论比较吻合。 相似文献
7.
Xu-Dong Zhang Yong-Gui Chen Wei-Min Ye Yu-Jun Cui Yong-Feng Deng Bin Chen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(15):531
Bentonite has been proposed for use as an engineering barrier and buffer in nuclear waste repositories and has been used frequently in municipal waste landfills. The cracking behavior and deformation properties of this material can be influenced by the chemistry of pore water. In the present work, the influence of salt concentration on the desiccation cracking behavior of GMZ bentonite was investigated with laboratory experiments. Image processing techniques and SEM tests were performed on the specimens which had undergone the desiccation testing in order to analyze the cracking mechanisms. Results show that the water evaporation process can be identified by a steady rate stage, a falling rate stage and a residual stage. The water evaporation rate is strongly affected by the salt concentration of the pore water; higher salt concentrations result in lower evaporation rates; the final water content is strongly impacted by a high initial salinity; otherwise the water contents are very similar for the residual stage. During desiccating, most of cracks appeared at the steady evaporation stage. The cracking morphology and patterns were greatly affected by the salt concentration of the pore water; and larger crack lengths and lower crack densities were obtained as the initial salinity was increased. 相似文献
8.
黏性土孔隙水的地球化学行为对于弱透水层水质水量研究、污染物在黏性土中的迁移、核废物储存场址评价及油气储层的盖层评价等均具有重要作用。受低渗透性限制,传统方法提取黏性土孔隙水非常困难。通过实验测定黏性土的物化特性,利用PHREEQC软件模拟计算了孔隙水组成。通过浸提实验,利用阴离子可通过孔隙度（50%总孔隙度）确定模型中孔隙水的Cl-和SO2-4含量;根据岩土的阳离子交换量及各离子的交换选择系数,矿物沉淀 溶解平衡,确定了孔隙水的主要化学组分。结果显示,模拟的孔隙水化学组分与压榨液（相当于原位孔隙水）相近,不同于浸提液。传统的浸提方法不可直接换算为孔隙水,受矿物可交换点阳离子的释出与矿物溶解影响,各离子含量被明显高估。模拟所得天津滨海区黏性土阳离子交换量为13.4~37.8 meq/100g土,可交换离子以Na、Mg、Ca为主。所得孔隙水为还原环境,且随着深度增加,还原性增强。模型中所选矿物均为平衡状态,溶液中可能存在的矿物大部分为未饱和或平衡状态,仅部分含Fe、Al矿物过饱和。由结果可知Fe含量偏高,对控制Fe元素的矿物需进一步精确测定。本方法在低渗透,超固结,低含水量介质的孔隙水相关研究中将发挥重要作用。 相似文献
9.
冻融循环对土的结构以及物理力学性质有着重要影响,其变化与冻融过程中的孔隙水压力变化有密切关系。但土体冻结过程中的孔隙水压力测试一直是冻土土工测试试验的技术难题。针对这一难题,研发了一种适用于冻结土体孔隙水压力测试的探头,并对砂土和粉质黏土在冻融循环过程中的孔隙水压力发展变化进行了实时监测,获得了圆柱试样冻融循环过程中不同深度处的孔隙水压力变化过程。在冻结过程中,粉质黏土形成冻结缘区及可视的分凝冰,而砂土则无冻结缘及分凝冰的形成。冻融循环过程中土体内部的孔隙水压力变化受温度、冻结速率、冻融循环以及土质等因素的影响。孔隙水压力随温度的循环变化而经历周期性变化：冻结过程中,孔隙水压力不断下降,吸力不断增加;融化过程中,孔隙水压力增大。而冻结速率、冻融循环及土质主要对孔隙水压力降的幅值变化产生影响。此外,冻结锋面位置附近孔隙水压力的下降、吸力的增加,正是水分由未冻区向冻结区迁移的主要驱动力。根据以上试验结果及其理论分析发现,所研制的孔隙水压力探头具有一定的实用性。 相似文献
10.
Amandine Courdouan Iso Christl Sbastien Meylan Paul Wersin Ruben Kretzschmar 《Applied Geochemistry》2007,22(12):2926
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the Opalinus Clay, a potential host rock for the disposal of radioactive waste, was isolated under strictly anoxic conditions from ground rock material and compared with DOM of in situ pore water samples. For the extractions, deionized water, synthetic pore water (SPW, water containing all major ions at pore water concentrations but no organic matter) and 0.1 M NaOH were used. The influence of the solid-to-liquid ratio, extraction time, acid-pretreatment and O2 exposure of the rock material on the isolated DOM were investigated. Liquid chromatography coupled with a total organic C detector (LC-OCD) and reverse-phase ion chromatography were used to characterize the DOM size distributions and to determine the low molecular weight organic acid (LMWOA) contents in the pore water samples and the rock extracts.The results revealed that only a small portion of the total organic C of the rock material (<0.38%) was extractable, even after removal of carbonates by acid-pretreatment. The concentrations of dissolved organic C (DOC) were found to range from 3.9 ± 0.4 to 8.0 ± 0.8 mg/L in the anoxic extracts. The pore waters exhibited similar DOC concentrations ranging from 1.2 to 15.8 ± 0.5 mg/L. The analysis by LC-OCD showed that the DOM extracted under anoxic conditions and the pore water DOM mainly consisted of hydrophilic compounds of less than 500 Da. The DOM extracted with SPW was most similar in size to the pore water DOM. Grinding the rock under oxic conditions increased the DOC yields and shifted the size distribution toward higher molecular weight compounds compared to the strictly anoxic treatment. Acetate, lactate and formate were identified in all extracts and in the pore water. In total, LMWOA accounted for 36% of the total DOC in both pore water and SPW extracts. The results imply that controlled anoxic conditions and the use of SPW as an extractant are required to isolate DOM from Opalinus Clay rocks which most resembles the in situ pore water DOM with respect to its size distribution and the LMWOA contents. 相似文献
11.
复电阻率法(complex resistivity, CR)由于其对孔隙水化学性质、固-液界面和流体含量的敏感性已成为具有良好前景的污染物识别工具。本研究选取三氯乙烯(trichloroethylene, TCE)作为典型有机污染物,利用频谱激电仪对TCE污染土壤进行了复电阻率测量,讨论孔隙水盐度、水饱和度和土壤类型对污染土壤的复电阻率特征和频谱参数影响。试验结果表明:污染土样的复电阻率均随水饱和度的降低和孔隙水盐度的减小而增大;土壤黏土含量影响孔隙水连续性,当孔隙水出现不连续状态时,实部和虚部出现大幅度变化。总充电率M随着孔隙水盐度的增加而增加,随水饱和度的降低先减后增。黏土颗粒重排导致的比表面积减小使得总充电率M减小,双电层极化加强使总充电率M升高;平均弛豫时间常数随孔隙水盐度的升高而降低,二者呈对数相关,随水饱和度变化的主要原因为可极化孔隙尺寸的变化。本研究探讨了地球物理参数与水文地质参数间的关系,为SIP方法在实际有机污染场地调查与评估提供了理论依据。 相似文献
12.
以济南泉域为例,基于2004-2019年济南岩溶泉域大气降水资料、地下水水位动态监测资料和岩芯的压汞实验结果,采用分形理论中孔隙分形维数法和数理统计的方法,探究含水岩层孔隙结构对泉水位动态的影响。结果表明:（1）炒米店组和三山子组2号样的孔隙发育均匀,孔喉分布集中,岩层储水性能好、储水空间较大;马家沟组北庵庄段的孔隙发育均匀,孔喉分布集中,岩层储水性能差,储水空间小;三山子组1号样和马家沟组东黄山段的孔隙发育不均匀,孔喉分布分散,岩石内部储水空间大;（2）岩层渗透率主要受孔喉分布的影响,济南泉域碳酸盐岩含水层的孔隙储水空间大、储水性能好,济南泉域独特的孔隙结构在维持趵突泉水位动态稳定中起到重要作用。 相似文献
13.
为了研究温度对水饱和边坡夹层力学参数的影响,将水饱和边坡夹层视为固-液两相的线弹性体,建立了水饱和边坡夹层热-孔隙水-力耦合作用的力学模型,并推导了其耦合控制方程;采用物理相似模拟的方法,建立了与边坡原型相似的试验模型,研究温度引起的边坡夹层力学参数的变化特征;通过比较分析理论计算结果与模型试验结果,验证了所建立的耦合力学模型的适用性。研究结果表明：孔隙水压力系数和热压力系数是引起水饱和边坡夹层孔隙水压力增加的关键控制因素;孔隙水压力系数取决于孔隙排水压缩特性和固相介质压缩特性,这两者差值越大,孔隙水压力系数越大;孔隙水热膨胀系数和孔隙体积热膨胀系数是影响热压力系数的主要因素,这两者差值越大,热压力系数也越大;边坡夹层孔隙水压力随温度升高呈现出先缓慢增加而后急剧增加的变化特征,而黏聚力和抗剪强度随温度升高而缓慢降低,且孔隙水压力的理论计算结果与试验测试结果吻合良好。因此,水饱和边坡夹层热-孔隙水-力耦合作用的力学模型能较好地反映孔隙水压力在加热升温过程中的变化特征,为科学地预测和控制类似边坡工程的稳定性提供了参考。 相似文献
14.
洞庭湖是我国第二大淡水湖。以往用补给量代替天然资源的方法计算其孔隙水天然资源,对地表水渗漏量很难计算,可信度低。用均衡法计算洞庭湖盆孔隙水天然资源,回避了直接计算地表水补给量,加深了孔隙水补给排泄的认识,计算结果亦较准确,故此种方法是地处暖湿亚热带、水系高度发育的湖盆孔隙水天然资源计算的较好方法。 相似文献
15.
采用大型动三轴试验仪进行重塑高岭土试样的循环三轴试验,试样直径为300 mm,高度为600 mm。圆柱体试样中心放置了一块竖向排水板,在循环加载试验进行时和结束后都可进行径向排水。试验结果验证了径向排水可以有效地消散循环荷载引起的孔隙水压力。通过结合径向固结理论与不排水循环加载土体模型,提出了一个循环荷载作用下径向固结模型,用来描述在允许径向排水的情况下软黏土在循环荷载作用下的孔压累积特性。模型中考虑了应力历史和孔隙水压力消散对孔隙水压力生成的影响,并用大型循环三轴试验结果进行验证。研究发现,当施加较大循环荷载时,径向排水减缓了孔隙水压力累积到临界值的速率,因而土体在破坏前可以经历更多次的循环荷载;当施加中等循环荷载时,径向排水可有效阻止孔隙水压力增长至临界值。除此之外,还研究了加载间歇期对孔压累积特性的影响,结果显示3组循环加载结束后,累积孔隙水压力开始减小,表明之后更多的循环加载并不会引起孔隙水压力的累积增长。 相似文献
16.
通过一系列不排水动三轴试验探究了饱和黄土振动液化过程中孔隙水压力和累积耗散能量的演化模式,并讨论了围压、动应力幅值和固结应力比对其演化过程的影响。结果表明：饱和黄土的孔隙水压力和耗散能量随着循环荷载作用逐渐累积。固结围压抑制孔隙水压力增长而消耗更多能量;更大的动应力幅值使得孔隙水压力增长更快而消耗能量更少;等压固结下,孔隙水压力增长至围压从而触发初始液化,而偏压固结下,通常先达到振动液化应变标准而孔隙水压力并没有增长至围压水平,并且固结应力比越大,液化时孔隙水压力越小,消耗能量也更少。归一化孔隙水压力u/σ0’与累积耗散能量W/Wf之间关系受围压、循环应力比和固结应力比影响较小,可统一用双曲线模型表示。 相似文献
17.
孔隙水压力量测的延迟效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从理论上考虑，用压力传感器量测土中变化的孔隙水压力会存在延迟效应，本文阐明了延迟效应的机理，并以饱和土孔压消散试验为例进行了深入的分析，研究表明，延迟效应的主要影响因素是体积压缩系数和传感器敏感元件的刚度因数，从计算结果看出，除硬粘性土外，延迟效应对孔压量测结果影响甚小。 相似文献
18.
This paper presents a simple analytical solution to Fredlund and Hasan's one‐dimensional (1‐D) consolidation theory for unsaturated soils. The coefficients of permeability and volume change for unsaturated soils are assumed to remain constant throughout the consolidation process. The mathematical expression of the present solution is much simpler compared with the previous available solutions in the literature. Two new variables are introduced to transform the two coupled governing equations of pore‐water and pore‐air pressures into an equivalent set of partial differential equations, which are easily solved with standard mathematical formulas. It is shown that the present analytical solution can be degenerated into that of Terzaghi consolidation for fully saturated condition. The analytical solutions to 1‐D consolidation of an unsaturated soil subjected to instantaneous loading, ramp loading, and exponential loading, for different drainage conditions and initial pore pressure conditions, are summarized in tables for ease of use by practical engineers. In the case studies, the analytical results show good agreement with the available analytical solution in the literature. The consolidation behaviors of unsaturated soils are investigated. The average degree of consolidation at different loading patterns and drainage conditions is presented. The pore‐water pressure isochrones for two different drainage conditions and three initial pore pressure distributions are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Melanie Beck Olaf Dellwig Hans-Jürgen Brumsack 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(12):2822-2840
Trace metals (Mn, Fe, Mo, U, Cr, V) were studied in pore waters of an intertidal flat located in the German Wadden Sea. The study system is an example of a permeable tidal flat system where pore water exchange is affected by tidal driven pressure gradients besides diffusion. Permanently installed in situ samplers were used to extract pore waters down to 5 m depth throughout one year. The samplers were either located close to the tidal flat margin or in central parts of the tidal flat. Despite dynamic sedimentological and hydrological conditions, the general trends with depth in deep tidal flat pore waters are remarkably similar to those observed in deep sea environments. Rates of trace metal cycling must be comparably large in order to maintain the observed pore water profiles. Trace metals further show similar general trends with depth close to the margin and in central parts of the tidal flat. Seasonal sampling revealed that V and Cr vary concurrent with seasonal changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. This effect is most notable close to the tidal flat margin where sulphate, DOC, and nutrients vary with season down to some metres depth. Seasonal variations of Mn, Fe, Mo, and U are by contrast limited to the upper decimetres of the sediment. Their seasonal patterns depend on organic matter supply, redox stratification, and particulate matter deposited on sediment surfaces. Pore water sampling within one tidal cycle provides evidence for pore water advection in margin sediments. During low tide pore water flow towards the creekbank is generated by a hydraulic gradient suggesting that deep pore waters may be seeping out of creekbank sediments. Owing to the enrichment of specific elements like Mn in pore water compared to sea water, seeping pore waters may have an impact on the chemistry of the open water column. Mass balance calculations reveal that the impact of deep pore waters on the Mn budget in the open water column is below 4%. Mn deep pore water discharge of the whole Wadden Sea is estimated to be about 9% of the total dissolved riverine Mn input into the Southern North Sea. 相似文献
20.
土体干湿过程引发的岩土工程问题已逐渐受到重视。通常采用张力计量测80 kPa以内的土体吸力,并将其应用于边坡失稳等岩土工程问题的分析中。然而,传统张力计由于内部腔体体积过大且结构复杂,造成张力计难以饱和,吸力量测时反应时间长,并易发生汽化,严重影响其可靠性和灵敏性。为弥补传统张力计的设计缺陷,提出了一种装配式新型张力计。该张力计内腔结构简单且体积小。饱和前先拆分张力计再分别饱和其主要部件,最后重新装配。此设计简化了饱和程序并提高了效率。通过对比传统张力计和新型张力计的性能,证实了新型张力计具有更强的汽化持久性,其吸力量测的灵敏性和可靠性得到了显著的提高。标定试验表明,相比于传统张力计,新型张力计的灵敏性提高了90%。测量-80 kPa的孔隙水压力时,新型张力计的平衡时间为1.5 min,仅占传统张力计反应时间的10%。相同的测量条件下,传统张力计的测量误差为30%,而新型张力计的测量误差仅为0.7%。 相似文献