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1.
北京城市空间发展和土地利用—伦敦经验启示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Beijing is facing a huge challenge to manage the growth of its built-up area whilst also retaining both productive arable land and land for conservation purposes in order to simultaneously realize the three aims of economic development,protecting arable land and generating environmental improvements. Meanwhile,London,as a world city with more than 200 years of industrialization and urbanization,has accumulated rich theoretical and practical experiences for land use planning in a major urban area,such as the creation of Garden Cities,a designated Green Belt and New Towns. This paper firstly analyzes the main characteristics of the spatial distribution of the built-up area,arable land and conservation land in Beijing. Then,some of the key aspects of urban fringe planning in the London region are examined. Lastly,several implications from the experience of London are provided with respect to land-use planning for Beijing,concentrating on a re-appraisal of land-use functions around Beijing,measures to improve the green belt,the development of small towns to house rural-urban migrants and urban overspill,and effective implementation of land-use planning. 相似文献
2.
China announced plans on April 1, 2017 to create Xiong’an New Area, a new economic zone about 110 km southwest of Beijing. The new area of national significance covers the three counties of Xiongxian, Rongcheng and Anxin in Hebei Province, and is home to Baiyangdian, a major wetland in northern China. It will cover around 100 km2 initially (called “Starting Zone”) and will be expanded to 200 km2 in the mid-term and about 2000 km2 in the long term. In this context, it is important to assess the land use pattern for the new area’s planning and development. Based on remote sensing interpretation of Landsat OLI images, we examine the current land use features, the potential for built-up land saving and intensive use, and the spatial variation of arable land quality. The results indicate that the arable lands, built-up lands and wetlands account for around 60%, 20% and 10%, respectively. The potential for rural built-up land saving and intensive use is quite large. The arable land quality and use intensity in Rongcheng and Anxin counties are much better than that of Xiongxian. The pros and cons for three potential options for the Starting Zone are listed and compared. The eastern area of Rongcheng county, to the north of Baiyangdian, is believed to be the most suitable Starting Zone. Policy recommendations for built-up land expansion, farmland saving and flood risk mitigation for Xiong’an New Area are also proposed in this paper. 相似文献
3.
Modeling the effects of land-use optimization on the soil organic carbon sequestration potential 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is not only an efficient method to address climate change problems but also a useful way to improve land productivity. It has been reported by many studies that land-use changes can significantly influence the sequestration of SOC. However, the SOC sequestration potential (SOCP, the difference between the saturation and the existing content of SOC) caused by land-use change, and the effects of land-use optimization on the SOCP are still not well understood. In this research, we modeled the effects of land-use optimization on SOCP in Beijing. We simulated three land-use optimization scenarios (uncontrolled scenario, scale control scenario, and spatial restriction scenario) and assessed their effects on SOCP. The total SOCP (0–20 cm) in Beijing in 2010 was estimated as 23.82 Tg C or 18.27 t C/ha. In the uncontrolled scenario, the built-up land area of Beijing would increase by 951 km2 from 2010 to 2030, and the SOCP would decrease by 1.73 Tg C. In the scale control scenario, the built-up land area would decrease by 25 km2 and the SOCP would increase by 0.07 Tg C from 2010 to 2030. Compared to the uncontrolled scenario, the SOCP in 2030 of Beijing would increase by 0.77 Tg C or 0.64 t C/ha in the spatial restriction scenario. This research provides evidence to guide planning authorities in conducting land-use optimization strategies and estimating their effects on the carbon sequestration function of land-use systems. 相似文献
4.
Knowledge on urban land-use change and its driving forces has vital significance in the practice of urban planning and management. However, the characteristics of historical, long-term changes and their quantitative relationships with the urban environment are still poorly understood. Based on multi-source data, including remote sensing imageries, large-scale topographic maps, historical maps, multi-temporal city maps, and other urban thematic maps, high-quality spatial information on urban land use in the built-up area of Changchun has been extracted for 1898, 1932, 1954, 1976, 1990, 2002, and 2012 by means of geographic information systems and remote sensing. We found that the land-use structure and spatial configuration has undergone tremendous alterations according to urban function in the 100-year history of Changchun city. The built-up area of Changchun expanded from 2.26 km2 in 1898 to 328.12 km2 in 2012, increasing about 144 times over the past century. Historically, the development of Changchun can be categorized into three stages: the initial forming stage, the old industrial development stage, and the modern metropolis development stage. Commercial and industrial land expanded rapidly following the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, with an increase from 1.74 km2 in 1954 to 15.91 km2 in 2012, and from 16.45 km2 in 1954 to 107.05 km2 in 2012, respectively. Although there was substantial growth in residential land use (from 1.81 km2 in 1898 to 113.95 km2 in 2012), the area percentage of residential land decreased continuously (from 80.09% in 1898 to 34.73% in 2012). Moreover, it was noted that the spatial configuration and structural percentage for commercial, industrial, and residential lands and others had tremendous divergences at different stages. These divergences of land-use structure occurred between the stages and were associated with social regimes and the functional orientation of urban society across the 100 years of historical development. Socio-economics, population growth, and planning policies from specific stages, especially after 1949, had strong effects on the divergence of urban structure. 相似文献
5.
Knowledge on urban land-use change and its driving forces has vital significance in the practice of urban planning and management. However, the characteristics of historical, long-term changes and their quantitative relationships with the urban environment are still poorly understood. Based on multi-source data, including remote sensing imageries, large-scale topographic maps, historical maps, multi-temporal city maps, and other urban thematic maps, high-quality spatial information on urban land use in the built-up area of Changchun has been extracted for 1898, 1932, 1954, 1976, 1990, 2002, and 2012 by means of geographic information systems and remote sensing. We found that the land-use structure and spatial configuration has undergone tremendous alterations according to urban function in the 100-year history of Changchun city. The built-up area of Changchun expanded from 2.26 km~2 in 1898 to 328.12 km~2 in 2012, increasing about 144 times over the past century. Historically, the development of Changchun can be categorized into three stages: the initial forming stage, the old industrial development stage, and the modern metropolis development stage. Commercial and industrial land expanded rapidly following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, with an increase from 1.74 km~2 in 1954 to 15.91 km~2 in 2012, and from 16.45 km~2 in 1954 to 107.05 km~2 in 2012, respectively. Although there was substantial growth in residential land use(from 1.81 km~2 in 1898 to 113.95 km~2 in 2012), the area percentage of residential land decreased continuously(from 80.09% in 1898 to 34.73% in 2012). Moreover, it was noted that the spatial configuration and structural percentage for commercial, industrial, and residential lands and others had tremendous divergences at different stages. These divergences of land-use structure occurred between the stages and were associated with social regimes and the functional orientation of urban society across the 100 years of historical development. Socio-economics, population growth, and planning policies from specific stages, especially after 1949, had strong effects on the divergence of urban structure. 相似文献
6.
广州市土地利用结构优化配置及其潜力 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于广州市土地利用结构、地区经济、生态与社会特点,结合广州城市总体规划(2010-2020),对广州市域土地利用结构进行生态经济效益-自然生态效益导向的多目标优化配置研究。结果表明：对广州市土地利用数量结构进行调整,一定时间内能够满足地区可持续发展;但是,土地仍然承担着巨大的压力,焦点是建设用地和农用地之间的数量转变,以耕地为主,也包括对未利用土地的利用;土地利用潜力度模型结果显示,通过优化土地利用结构,土地系统的协调度增大而潜力度减小：在生态经济效益目标下,潜力度分别为0.628～0.661,0.372～0.339;在自然生态效益目标下,分别为0.531～0.782,0.469～0.218,表明土地利用系统将趋于更高的协调状态,而其数量结构优化配置的潜力减小,优化各产业部门内部土地资源结构及其空间布局,将是广州市土地资源高效集约利用和进一步挖潜的主导方向。 相似文献
7.
北京市土地利用空间格局演化模拟及预测 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
土地利用空间格局的演化模拟可定量地从空间尺度揭示区域土地利用变化的驱动因素,是厘清未来时期内土地变化的重要途径。基于CLUE-S模型,以北京市为研究案例,结合1985、2000和2010年三期土地利用数据,运用Logistic逐步回归方法识别了北京市各种土地利用类型演化的驱动因素,对北京市土地利用空间格局进行模拟。在此基础上,基于北京市社会经济发展、土地利用规划、资源禀赋及生态保护等不同情景,对北京市2020年土地利用空间分布格局进行模拟及预测。结果表明：①不同的时期内,驱动因子对不同土地利用类型的影响呈现差异性,其中交通因素及社会经济因素对土地利用类型的转化率影响较显著,坡度对各个土地利用类型的影响较大。②通过对2010年北京市土地利用变化的模拟结果来看,Kappa指数为87.03%,说明预测结果与实际土地利用情况有较好的一致性。③预测结果显示,北京市的城市发展均表现为继续向外扩展,且以东南、东北为主要扩展方向,但扩张的程度存在差异。 相似文献
8.
基于遥感和GIS的重庆市近30年城市形态演化特征分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于8期遥感影像,研究了1978—2005年重庆市城市空间形态特征和演变过程。采用紧凑度指数、放射状指数和分形维数等城市空间形态定量研究的方法计算了不同时期重庆市城市空间形态的参数。结果表明,2005年重庆市建成区面积由1978年的87．32km^2增加到282．21km^2。改革开放后重庆市先后经历了20世纪80年代的相对稳定期、80年代中期以后的缓慢发展期和近年来的高速发展期,目前是扩展速度较快的时期,整个城市呈跳跃式发展。该时期增加的城市建成区面积中,有76．86％来自于周边的耕地,有20．52％来自于对周边农村居民点和其他建设用地的占用。 相似文献
9.
中国建设用地的坡谱演化规律与爬坡影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
城镇建设用地规模与结构变化是国土空间开发与规划研究的基础。以往相关研究更关注建设用地水平空间扩张格局特征与模式,极少关注建设用地三维梯度上的“爬坡”特征规律与影响。因此,本文基于Google Earth Engine（GEE）,并结合高精度地形数据与土地利用数据,在建设用地坡谱概念基础上,首次构建了平均建设用地爬坡指数（ABCI）,系统地分析了1990—2018年中国建设用地坡谱在国家、区域、省级和城市4个尺度上的变化特征与规律并深入剖析建设用地爬坡的空间影响。结果显示：① 1990—2018年中国坡度5°以上地区建设用地面积增长了1.43倍,比例由10.25%上升至14.81%。其中2010—2015年是建设用地爬坡发展最迅速与规模最大的时期,且中西部地区建设用地爬坡最为显著。② 依据平均建设用地爬坡指数与上限坡度变化,可将中国34个省（自治区、直辖市）划分为高爬坡型、低爬坡型和水平扩展型3类,其中高爬坡型省份占50%以上,水平扩展型省份仅有7个,在空间上呈现“东南—西北”的两极分布特征。③ 1990—2010年爬坡型城市以山地与丘陵地貌城市为主,2010年后少数民族聚居区及低丘缓坡开发试点城市成为建设用地爬坡的主力。④ 建设用地爬坡在一定程度上能够减少建设用地扩张对平原优质耕地与生态用地的胁迫和侵占,缓解建设用地供需矛盾,但是无规划约束的开发和房地产驱动的“削山造地”则会导致地质灾害和生态环境风险的增加。 相似文献
10.
北京市城区扩展的空间格局与影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2000年以来北京市持续推进产业结构升级,由此引发了经济活动的空间重构,伴随着住宅郊区化、职住分离以及交通基础设施的配套建设,将引起新一轮城市空间扩展。构建顾及综合可达性因素、邻域因素、自然因素、规划因素以及社会经济因素的城市空间扩展模型,分析诊断北京城区扩展进程中的主要影响因素及问题,从而为指导与管治北京市城市空间的有序扩展提供科学支撑。研究表明：① 综合交通静态可达性（单一年份）与城市扩展呈显著负相关;综合交通动态可达性（年份之间的可达性变化）则在引导北京市城市空间发展方面并无显著影响。② 邻域建设用地百分比与城市扩展呈正相关,而农用地、林业用地及水域用地的比例将减少土地开发的概率。③ 城市总体规划在指导城市空间扩展的纲领性地位逐渐受到重视,其对城区扩展的影响程度最为显著。④ 常住人口的分布现状、第二产业企业数量、第三产业企业数量分布现状对土地开发无显著影响。⑤ 认为北京市静态可达性与土地利用变化呈负相关,即可达性条件较差的地区,土地开发的可能性越小,这与北京市“摊大饼式”空间蔓延和居住郊区化的发展现实相符;北京市动态可达性与土地利用变化亦呈负相关,表明可达性提高程度越大的区域并不一定带来更高的土地开发几率,这从侧面传递了沿着既有建成区进行土地扩展的概率远远大于由于诸如轨道交通建设而带来可达性极大改善区域的概率。因此,重视与发挥综合交通动态可达性指标对城市扩展的引导作用,将是有效破解城市蔓延式扩张、优化城市扩展的重要手段。 相似文献
11.
准确识别城市建成区边界,对科学实施城市规划和建设、促进城乡可持续发展具有重要意义。从城市建成区概念出发,综合考虑建成区连片和公共设施配置,提出一种基于POI核密度与不透水表面指数的建成区边界提取方法。该方法以不透水表面指数和市政公用设施和公共设施POI核密度为主要数据源,通过构建城市建成区综合指数（POI&ISA指数）和最佳阈值选取等步骤可实现较为准确的城市建成区提取。以武汉都市发展区为例,将该方法与基于POI方法的建成区提取结果进行对比,结果表明基于POI&ISA指数的方法提取精度较高。该方法可弥补单一POI数据源在城市尺度建成区提取中的不足,且通过对POI数据类型初选和带宽的适当选取提高对公共设施配置的表征能力,在局部地区可获得更好的建成区提取效果。 相似文献
12.
快速城市化地区城乡结合部及其用地结构演变——以无锡市为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
论文采用RS方法解析遥感影像,并结合镇(乡)级行政区划图,界定无锡市1979~2008年6个时段的城乡结合部范围,结果表明城乡结合部范围与同时期城市建成区大小及经济发展水平呈正相关。参照我国土地利用分类体系对提取的历年城乡结合部用地类型进行重新划分,运用GIS属性表的统计功能及景观生态学方法对重新划分的用地类型进行结构分析,结果表明城乡结合部建设用地比重随城乡结合部范围变化不断提高,耕地比重大幅度下降;除建设用地在1998年以后用地形态趋整,其他各类用地形态均趋于破碎化,反映出各种规划的力量更多体现在对建设用地的控制;耕地相邻边界长度变化表明城乡结合部范围内农业活动的主体地位被非农产业活动替代。 相似文献
13.
北京市郊区游憩空间分布规律 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
郊区是城市发展的腹地,郊区游憩空间不仅能够满足都市居民出游的需求,而且对维护城市生态安全具有重要意义。本文选取北京作为案例地,对郊区的游憩空间布局规律进行研究。在前期研究的基础上,结合网络、文献、调研收集数据,将游憩空间按照功能划分为3类：公共游憩空间、商业游憩空间与附属游憩空间;将不同功能、不同经营主体与不同土地利用的游憩空间组织起来,从而建立北京郊区游憩空间采样数据库,采用GIS空间分析的技术手段得出结论。研究发现,北京郊区各类游憩空间布局具有空间分异规律。公共游憩空间中风景名胜区分布在远郊的山区;城市公园与城市形态相关;郊野公园属于政策导向型的游憩空间,在一定程度上缓解了资源本底条件造成的游憩空间不均匀分布。商业游憩空间呈现产品的空间分异,并与交通、水系条件密切相关;乡村游憩设施依托于大型景区,并与农业传统相关。北京郊区的游憩空间已经初步具备网络结构并向纵深发展,出现了产业集中区。最后指出北京游憩空间布局中存在的不合理现象和改进的方向。该研究旨在构建都市游憩空间的有机结构,为城市规划与游憩管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
14.
江汉平原土地利用的时空变化及其驱动因素分析 总被引：31，自引：4，他引：27
采用遥感、GIS一体化技术,利用1989～1990、1995～1996和1999～2000年获取的三期陆地资源卫星图像,对江汉平原土地利用10年变化和以1995～1996年为界的前后两个5年变化的时空特征进行了分析,并探讨了变化的驱动因素。结果表明,该区的土地利用在不同的时间及空间尺度上有明显不同的特点。10年间,耕地减少近5万hm2,其中,前5年的减少量占多数,达6783%。各类建设用地总计增加了156万hm2,其中,前5年的增加量是后5年的2倍。水域面积在10年间增加了达到354万hm2,后5年的增幅不到前期的1/2。土地利用变化最快的区域均处于工业经济较发达、城市化较快的地区如武汉、仙桃,变化最慢的区域在监利、松滋、天门等地。政策、社会经济与科技因素对土地利用随时间尺度的变化有决定性的影响。 相似文献
15.
本文综合运用GIS和RS技术,针对大埔县山地城镇的特点,选取地形地貌因子、生态敏感性因子、限制性保护因子和交通、城镇区位因子参与土地适宜性评价,利用层次分析法（AHP）获取各评价指标的权重值,然后运用多因子权重叠加分析模型对其城镇拓展空间土地适宜性进行评价,并根据适宜性大小划分出优化建设区、适宜建设区、限制建设区和禁止建设区4个等级。其中优化建设区面积235.75 km2,占总面积的9.51%;适宜建设区352.17 km2,占比14.21%;限制建设区1 643.92 km2,占比66.33%,禁止建设区218.54 km2,占比8.81%,另外还有水域27.99 km2,占比1.12%。 相似文献
16.
土地利用/覆被变化将干扰生态系统的稳定供给能力,进而对生态系统服务和可持续发展构成威胁。以乌鲁木齐市为研究区,基于斑块生成土地利用模拟（Patch-generating land use simulation,PLUS）模型,模拟了2030年多情景下乌鲁木齐市的土地利用变化,并结合当量因子法、空间自相关分析等方法估算并预测了1990—2030年乌鲁木齐市生态系统服务价值（Ecosystem service value, ESV）及其权衡协同关系。结果表明：（1）1990—2020年乌鲁木齐市土地利用呈现“两增四减”变化趋势。2030年在惯性发展情景下,除林地外其他地类皆遵循历史演变规律;在生态保护情境下,建设用地面积萎缩,生态用地大幅增加;在综合开发情境下,建设用地面积有所增加的同时生态用地面积也处于上升状态;在重点开发情景下,城市建设用地扩张最为剧烈,耕地面积退化严重。（2）1990—2020年乌鲁木齐市ESV整体上呈现“V”型下降态势,共减少59.59×108元。2030年在生态保护情景下和综合开发情景下ESV处于增加趋势,在惯性发展情景和重点开发情景下ESV出现减少趋势。（3）2... 相似文献
17.
Rapid economic development, industrialization, and urbanization aggravates the tense relationship between human beings and the land. With multiple demands for food security, ecological protection and economic development, frequent conflicts and competition occur between multiple different functional land types. The current land use classification system focuses on the productive and living functions of land, but gives little consideration to ecological functions. This study builds a national Ecological-Living-Productive Land Classification System based on land functions emphasizing the concept and position of ecological land. So-called ecological land uses are types of land use regulating, maintaining and protecting ecological security. The new land classification is more flexible for overall planning purposes and for making arrangements for ecological, living and productive land spaces. The Ecological-Living-Productive Land Classification System includes three levels. The first level has four major types: ecological land, ecological-productive land, productive-ecological land, and living-productive land. The second level subdivides the major types into 15 functional land categories, including major ecological regulation land, common ecological regulation land, and ecological conservation land for ecological lands; pasture land, timber land and aquaculture land for ecological-productive lands; arable land and orchard for productive-ecological lands; and urban built-up area, rural living land, and industrial land for living-productive lands. The third level is based on land cover types. Based on multiple data sources, and using a strategy of zoning and re-classification, we extracted the spatial distribution of ecological-living-productive lands on a national scale. The areas of ecological land, ecological-productive land, productive land, and living-productive land area are 6,037,000 km2, 1,353,800 km2, 2,001,900 km2 and 207,300 km2, respectively; accounting for 62.89%, 14.10%, 20.85% and 2.16% of total area, respectively. For the second-level classification, the area of ecological conservation land is the largest, accounting for 20.17% of the total area. Ecological land is located mainly in central and western China. Ecological-productive land is distributed in various areas throughout the country, and productive-ecological land and living-productive land are concentrated in eastern China. 相似文献
18.
Based on the case study of peripheral urban areas in Beijing, this paper aims to identify the factors which will influence the spatial distribution of peri-urban recreation areas, by analyzing the collected data from questionnaires, online survey, documentation and field investigations (2007). In order to achieve sound information, relevant data from different management departments, owners and land-use types involved in the case study area are collected. A sampling database for peri-urban recreation areas in Beijing is established, and GIS spatial analyses as well as statistic analyses are applied. The result indicates that spatial distribution of recreation areas is majorly influenced by four factors, e.g. tourism attractions and environmental conditions, policy and spatial governance, consumption demand and preference, land price and availability. Tourism attractions and environmental conditions are dominant factors for public recreation areas. Commercial recreation areas are highly related with accessibility. Agricultural recreation areas are usually attached to special farmlands near large-scaled scenic areas. Meanwhile, recreational business clusters have appeared in suburbs influenced by mass recreation market growth. Controlled by the land price, commercial recreation areas are differentiated on their scales and developing intensity. Policy and spatial governance have made arrangements of recreation areas more balancing and more human- oriented. A peri-urban recreation area model is therefore established on the basis of this analysis, which can guide urban planning and designing, land-use planning and recreation resource development. 相似文献
19.
Based on the case study of peripheral urban areas in Beijing, this paper aims to identify the factors which will influence
the spatial distribution of peri-urban recreation areas, by analyzing the collected data from questionnaires, online survey,
documentation and field investigations (2007). In order to achieve sound information, relevant data from different management
departments, owners and land-use types involved in the case study area are collected. A sampling database for peri-urban recreation
areas in Beijing is established, and GIS spatial analyses as well as statistic analyses are applied. The result indicates
that spatial distribution of recreation areas is majorly influenced by four factors, e.g. tourism attractions and environmental
conditions, policy and spatial governance, consumption demand and preference, land price and availability. Tourism attractions
and environmental conditions are dominant factors for public recreation areas. Commercial recreation areas are highly related
with accessibility. Agricultural recreation areas are usually attached to special farmlands near large-scaled scenic areas.
Meanwhile, recreational business clusters have appeared in suburbs influenced by mass recreation market growth. Controlled
by the land price, commercial recreation areas are differentiated on their scales and developing intensity. Policy and spatial
governance have made arrangements of recreation areas more balancing and more human-oriented. A peri-urban recreation area
model is therefore established on the basis of this analysis, which can guide urban planning and designing, land-use planning
and recreation resource development. 相似文献
20.
北京城市蔓延的测度与分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
针对现阶段我国城市用地快速扩张和无序蔓延的现实问题, 以北京市在1996~2004 年期间的城市扩展作为研究案例, 提出可以从城市扩展形态、扩展效率和外部影响等三个方面来判识城市蔓延现象, 并提出基于地理空间指标体系的城市蔓延测度方法, 主要由涉及人口、经济、土地利用、农业、环境和城市生活等方面的13 项指标所组成。实证分析结果表明, 该方法可以有效地测度和量化研究区城市蔓延的特征: ① 建设用地斑块具有明显的破碎化和不规则化趋势, 缺乏良好的规划控制, 不连续开发、条带式开发和跳跃式开发特征明显, 扩展形态不尽合理; ② 新增建设用地的建设密度和容积率较低, 并且新增用地的人口密度和经济产出水平均低于原有用地绩效, 扩展效率不高; ③ 城市蔓延占用大量的耕地和开敞空间、加重了交通负担, 对农业、环境和城市生活存在显著的负面影响。 相似文献