共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
冯利华 《地理学与国土研究》2002,18(3):90-93
该文根据现有的长江洪水成因研究，总结了形成长江洪水的四大物理因子（大气因子，下垫面因子，地球物理因子，天文因子），在强调物理因子综合作用的基础上，分析了形成长江巨洪的3个主导因子，提出了洪水成因链的概念，对长江洪水成因研究中存在的问题作了综述评述和前景展望。 相似文献
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1954年长江巨洪中物理因子的叠加作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分析了形成1954年长江巨洪的物理因子,指出现有研究主要侧重单个物理因子对1954年长江巨洪的影响。事实上,1954年长江巨洪是这些因子叠加作用的结果,并且因子越多,叠加作用越强,巨洪的量级也就越大。 相似文献
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河流是气候的产物,长江是暴雨洪水河流,洪水特性是流域的暴雨特性与水象地形特性等的综合反映,由于后者在一个流域基本上为不变的常数,因此,洪水的变化,主要由于暴雨变化的结果。所以研究长江的洪水问题,很自然地首先要研究暴雨的变化规律作为主要对象。 相似文献
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湖泊沉积记录的古洪水事件识别及与气候关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
作为洪水灾害研究的延伸学科——古洪水研究,其所取得的大量研究成果基本都是基于河流古洪水水文学的研究。然而随着河流古洪水水文学科的发展,研究材料和方法的缺陷越来越凸显,而作为气候与环境变化信息重要收集器的湖泊沉积物在古洪水水文学上的研究可以弥补上述不足。本文重点综述了湖泊沉积物识别古洪水的方法以及古洪水与环境的耦合机制。主要分为两部分：其一,总结了湖泊洪水识别的4种方法,即湖泊沉积物岩性和粒径、地球化学指标、数学统计分析方法以及洪水与块体运动的甄别;其二,从成因上探讨了古洪水与大陆尺度大气环流变化、区域气候波动的遥相关性。最后,探讨了洪水事件和气候变化的具体物理机制,并对湖泊洪水与同区域河流洪水进行对比研究以及国内湖泊尤其高山地区湖泊洪水领域的研究等方面进行了展望。 相似文献
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长江巨洪前期物理因子的配置 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
提出了长江巨洪前期物理因子配置的概念，在每一次巨洪发生之前，影响巨洪的主要物理因子之间一般都会表现出相似的特征，即出现一些固有的配置，这些配置正是长江发生巨洪的强信号，对长江巨洪的预测研究具有重要的指示作用。 相似文献
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长江第一弯成因及形成时代探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长江第一弯成因及形成时代关系到金沙江—长江水系的形成演化、西南纵向岭谷地理环 境演化、青藏高原隆升对周边环境的影响等重大科学问题, 故近百年来一直为学术界所关注。本 文通过综合考察、地貌和沉积物等的综合分析认为: 长江第一弯是在金沙江水系未曾溯源连通至 三江口段之前的古金沙江与古冲江河、水洛河的汇流口。长江在三江口袭夺了水洛河, 导致水洛 河倒流, 古金沙江与三江口下的长江贯通, 才形成真正的金沙江—长江水系。根据玉龙山强烈隆 起时间、周边层状地貌发育年代、中国水系大局形成等进行推断, 长江第一弯形成时代为中更新 世以来, 说明昆黄运动为本区构造地貌—水系发育的重大转型事件。 相似文献
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近20多年来,黄河流域末次冰消期以来古洪水事件研究取得了丰硕成果。论文系统回顾了黄河流域有关古洪水事件识别、年代序列建立、气候成因揭示、古洪水洪峰水位和洪峰流量恢复以及古洪水事件社会影响探讨等方面的内容;提出了当前在古洪水悬移质泥沙沉积物精确断代、古洪水成因及古洪水水文重建等方面面临的主要问题和未来的发展建议;并在现有研究的基础上从加强有条件河段不同规模古洪水的重现期、不同河段古洪水沉积记录的对比研究及建立古洪水水文学数据库等方面对未来黄河流域古洪水研究进行了展望,以期为全球变化背景下黄河流域洪水的预测、防治及风险评估和黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
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岩石中宇宙成因的~3He 能用于测定地貌面的年代。应用邦纳维尔晚更新世洪水事件和接着发育的普罗沃岸线以及伴随的火山岩,确定了北纬38°56′(现在的地磁纬度为46.5°)海拔1445米高处橄榄石的综合形成率为432个原子/克/年。对洪水沉积中、河流冲蚀面上和熔岩流上宇宙成因氦的测定表明,直接测定象火山喷发、特大洪水这样的大规模事件的年龄是可能的。橄榄石和辉石类是宇宙成因~3He 测年法令人满意的矿物。然而,在大多数情况下,因为斜长石和石英不能在它们的晶格中定量保存氦同位素,所以它们不适于这种年代测定。 相似文献
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CHAI Yuanfang YANG Yunping DENG Jinyun SUN Zhaohua LI Yitian ZHU Lingling 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(10):1633-1648
The operation of large-scale reservoirs have modified water and sediment transport processes, resulting in adjustments to the river topography and water levels. The polynomial fitting method was applied to analyze the variation characteristics of water levels under different water discharge values in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River from 1991–2016. The segregation variable method was used to estimate the contributions of the varied riverbed evaluation, the downstream-controlled water level, and the comprehensive roughness on the altered water level at an identical flow. We find that low water levels in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River from 1991–2016 are characterized by a significant downward trend, which has intensified since 2009. Riverbed scouring has been the dominate factor causing the reduced low water level while increased roughness alleviated this reduction. From 1991–2016, there was first a decrease followed by an increase in the high water level. The variation characteristic in terms of the "high flood discharge at a high water level" before 2003 transformed into a "middle flood discharge at a high water level" since 2009. The increased comprehensive roughness was the main reason for the increased high water level, where river scouring alleviated this rise. For navigation conditions and flood control, intensified riverbed scouring of the sandy reaches downstream from dams enhanced the effects that the downstream water level has on the upstream water level. This has led to an insufficient water depth in the reaches below the dams, which should receive immediate attention. The alteredvariation characteristics of the high water level have also increased the flood pressure in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. 相似文献
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Based on measured hydrological data by using ship-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) instrument, we analyzed
shapes of river cross sections of the middle Yangtze River basin (mainly focusing on Makou and Tianjiazhen river reach). Hydrodynamic
properties of river channels were also discussed. The research results indicate that nonlinear relationships can be identified
between river-width/river-depth ratio (W/D ratio), sizes of cross section and mean flow velocity. Positive relations are detected
between W/D ratio and mean flow velocity when W/D<1; and negative relations are observed when W/D>1. Adverse relationships
can be obtained between W/D ratio and cross-section area. Geomorphologic and geologic survey indicates different components
of river banks in the wider and narrower river reaches respectively. These may be the main driving factors causing unique
hydrological properties of river channels in the middle Yangtze River basin. Narrower river cross sections tend to raise water
level in the upstream river reach near narrower river channel, giving rise to backwater effects. River knots can cause serious
backwater effects, which is harmful for flood mitigation. However river knots will also stabilize river channel and this will
be beneficial for river channel management. The results of this paper may be helpful for flood mitigation and river channel
management in the middle Yangtze River basin.
Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40701015; Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40730635
Author: Zhang Qiang (1974–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in natural hazards and climatic changes, hydrologic statistics,
floods and fluvial geomorphology. 相似文献
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Based on measured hydrological data by using ship-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) instrument, we analyzed shapes of river cross sections of the middle Yangtze River basin (mainly focusing on Makou and Tianjiazhen river reach). Hydrodynamic properties of river channels were also discussed. The research results indicate that nonlinear relationships can be identified between river-width/river-depth ratio (W/D ratio), sizes of cross section and mean flow velocity. Positive relations are detected between W/D ratio and mean flow velocity when W/D<1; and negative relations are observed when W/D>1. Adverse relationships can be obtained between W/D ratio and cross-section area. Geomorphologic and geologic survey indicates different components of river banks in the wider and narrower river reaches respectively. These may be the main driving factors causing unique hydrological properties of river channels in the middle Yangtze River basin. Narrower river cross sections tend to raise water level in the upstream river reach near narrower river channel, giving rise to backwater effects. River knots can cause serious backwater effects, which is harmful for flood mitigation. However river knots will also stabilize river channel and this will be beneficial for river channel management. The results of this paper may be helpful for flood mitigation and river channel management in the middle Yangtze River basin. 相似文献
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实施流域生态管理的长江中下游湿地保护探讨 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
长江中下游地区湿地分布广泛且类型多样,是我国淡水湖泊分布最集中和最具有代表性的地区。为了从根本上解决长江中下游湿地利用面临的问题,实现湿地资源的可持续利用,保护湿地环境,解决区内上、下游用水的供需矛盾,实现水资源的优化配置,调动区域湿地保护的积极性和主动性,有必要遵循湿地流域分布规律,应用流域生态学最新理论与实践成果,进行流域生态管理。一方面,要从流域角度处理好几大江湖关系、蓄泄关系、湖垸关系和山湖(河)关系等;另一方面,在流域内建立统一协调机制,对流域湿地进行保护与合理利用、合理布局和统一规划;同时在保护的前提下,科学合理地利用长江中下游湿地资源,开拓新的生产力。 相似文献
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Based on the drought/flood grades of 90 meterological stations over eastern China and summer average sea-level pressure (SLP) during 1850–2008 and BPCCA statistical methods, the coupling relationship between the drought/flood grades and the East Asian summer SLP is analyzed. The East Asian summer monsoon index which is closely related with interdecadal variation of drought/flood distribution over eastern China is defined by using the key areas of SLP. The impact of the interdecadal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon on the distribution of drought/flood over eastern China in the last 159 years is researched. The results show that there are four typical drought and flood spatial distribution patterns in eastern China, i.e. the distribution of drought/flood in southern China is contrary to the other regions, the distribution of drought/flood along the Huanghe River–Huaihe River Valley is contrary to the Yangtze River Valley and regions south of it, the distribution of drought/flood along the Yangtze River Valley and Huaihe River Valley is contrary to the other regions, the distribution of drought/flood in eastern China is contrary to the western. The main distribution pattern of SLP in summer is that the strength of SLP is opposite in Asian continent and West Pacific. It has close relationship between the interdecadal variation of drought/flood distribution patterns over eastern China and the interdecadal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon which was defined in this paper, but the correlation is not stable and it has a significant difference in changes of interdecadal phase. When the East Asian summer monsoon was stronger (weaker), regions north of the Yangtze River Valley was more susceptible to drought (flood), the Yangtze River Valley and regions south of it were more susceptible to flood (drought) before the 1920s; when the East Asian summer monsoon was stronger (weaker), the regions north of the Yangtze River Valley was prone to flood (drought), the Yangtze River Valley and regions south of it were prone to drought (flood) after the 1920s. It is indicated that by using the data of the longer period could get much richer results than by using the data of the last 50–60 years. The differences in the interdecadal phase between the East Asian summer monsoon and the drought/flood distributions in eastern China may be associated with the nonlinear feedback, which is the East Asian summer monsoon for the extrinsic forcing of solar activity. 相似文献
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长江南京段历史洪水位追溯 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
沿长江南岸幕府山、燕子矶岸段的石灰岩崖壁上,保留着数道受江水浸淹形成的色深且具有溶蚀孔隙的水平印痕,沿江一线分布。在采石矶岸段的岩壁上也存在着高程大致相当的水位痕迹,反映出是保存在长江南岸岩壁上的区域性洪水位遗迹。经查阅现代水文记录与历史文献,分析对比区域地貌与沉积地层,初步论定：高出长江江面5~6 m,高程分别为8.5 m和9.5 m的第一道和第二道水位遗迹是与现代长江洪水位相当的古洪水位遗迹,目前虽然已脱离长江江面,但现代长江洪水仍可达到此高度,其重现期为10~50年;高程为10.5 m的第三道水位遗迹较南京有文字记载的百年一遇特大洪水位仍高出0.3 m,相当于南京地区100~200年一遇的大洪水水位,由此印证长江南京段防洪堤高度合适;而最高的一道古水位遗迹高程为12.8 m,可能相当于全新世高海面时的洪水位。 相似文献
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Along the north bank of the Xuxi River, the sand-intercalated-muddy gravel layer from -3.7 - -5.8 m in the borehole 7508 at the East Dam and the middle, coarse and fine sand layer with a thickness of 4.5 m at the lower part of the borehole 8179 between the East Dam and the West Dam indicate that a large natural river was here before the Kingdom of Wu excavated the Xuxi Canal. The existence of Neolithic sites such as Xuecheng, Chaoduntou and Xiajiadang along the Xuxi River and the silt layer with dozens of meters archived under the earth＇s surface within a range of 1 km along both banks are the even more important evidences for the existence of the ancient Zhongjiang River. The floodgate of the East Dam nowadays makes against the communication between the Shuiyangjiang River and the Taihu Lake. The authors suggest the canal between Wuhu and Taihu Lake should be excavated as soon as possible, namely, the navigation channel from Wuhu through Guchenghu Lake, Xuxi River, East Dam, Liyang, Yixing to Taihu Lake should be further widen and the deposits composed of slope wash on the watershed between Shuiyangjiang River and Taihu Lake should be dredged away. Then, the channel journey can be shortened, the boats in ship transportation on the Yangtze River can be shunted to ensure the security of shipping, the resources of sand and gravel in the old river channel can be exploited and the dike of the Yangtze River can be reinforced. So, the problems of irrigation, flood diversion, pollution abatement and drainage of flooded fields in the lower Yangtze River will be resolved. Then, the above methods can impel the sustainable development of the Xuxi River and Taihu Lake area. 相似文献