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基于重庆构造活动较弱,天然裂隙不发育地区的大足十万和巴南安澜两口观测含水层含有泥岩的侏罗系中统沙溪庙组井做了流体潮汐-气压响应的分析研究以探究含水层含有泥岩的井的水力响应模型.研究发现:泥岩的脆性和多裂隙特性可能导致含水层和隔水层含有泥岩的井受裂隙影响明显,封闭性不够好,因此伴随较差的井孔贮藏效应,存在垂直向渗流.本文采用的分析手段对于研究页岩气压裂开发过程中注入页岩甜点段的压裂液等废液是否有可能通过上覆未压裂页岩地层垂向运移进而污染浅层的地下水具有理论指导意义. 相似文献
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地热资源作为清洁可再生能源之一,合理的开发地热能有助于国家“双碳”目标的实现,而正确认识区域地热地质条件及其成因是地热资源开发利用的前提.平顶山矿区位于构造隆起区且区内岩溶含水层广泛发育,基岩起伏产生的热折射效应及岩溶层内地下水对流共同造成该区浅表存在温度异常,沉积盖层段的地温梯度值高达45.0℃/km.本文以7口钻井测温曲线和254块样品热物性资料为基础,分析了该区地温场特征,并结合区域典型地层剖面,对岩溶层内流体对流对地层温度影响的开展水热耦合研究,并通过热模拟分析构造界面两侧热物性差异产生的热流侧向汇聚作用对浅表聚热的作用大小.结果表明：平顶山矿区地温梯度值范围在8.0～66.9℃/km之间,对应的热流值范为31.0～135.0 mW/m2,且地温场分布呈明显的分带性,构造凸起区相对于四周凹陷区地层温度、地温梯度、热流值较高;水热耦合模拟显示,在补给区,随着冷水沿着地表出露的岩溶含水层的不断下渗,地层温度越来越低,在排泄区,补给区冷水经过深部循环加热后向上排泄,进而加热周边岩层;其次,导水断裂可以深刻改变地层温度场的分布,是地层温度下降或上升的分界线;基岩起... 相似文献
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利用宁夏南部及邻区6口地震观测井的数字化水位和气压等资料,基于井水位对气压的阶跃响应函数、频谱分析法、潮汐波群相位超前或滞后法诊断和判别了各井井-含水层的地下水埋藏类型,并结合各井点近几年水化学离子样品测量结果,分析了各井的水—岩平衡状态,综合评价和讨论了各井-含水层系统的地下水埋藏类型。结果表明：6口井承压性由强到弱的顺序分别为平凉铁路井、静宁威戎井、固原东山坡井、西吉王民井、海原甘盐池井和平凉柳湖井,但受控于区域地形地貌、构造特征、井孔结构以及裂隙发育程度等,6口井不同程度与外界有着一定的水力联系。依据成井时的贮存埋藏条件定性判别的地下水埋藏类型与多方法综合判定的这些井的地下水埋藏类型不一致的原因为各井含水层的水力特性、裂隙发育程度、井孔结构和固体潮汐波频率存在差异。 相似文献
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单孔同位素稀释示踪法测定地下水渗流速度、流向的技术发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下水渗流速度、流向不仅是地下水渗流场研究中两个重要的动态参数,而且是测定含水层渗透系数、渗流量等水文地质参数的主要参量.本文结合前人研究成果,系统梳理了应用放射性同位素测定地下水渗流速度、流向的技术方法与工作流程等,其中比较详细的分析了井孔中有垂向流和无垂向流情况下,应用放射性同位素单孔稀释法测定渗流速度的方法与适用条件,旨在为广泛开展地下水渗流场参数的野外观测与研究提供可行的技术途径.作为一种地下水渗流场参数定量研究的技术方法,单孔稀释示踪法在与渗流场研究有关的水库诱发地震机理、地下流体对构造活动的影响过程、地下流体强震异常解释、地震地下流体异常落实等方面具有广泛的应用前景. 相似文献
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应力加载作用引起地下水微温度场变化的研究综述 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在地震地下流体动态观测中,水温对地震活动的响应非常敏感,井水温度微动态观测越来越受到有关学者的关注。本文收集了相关资料,以引起水温变化的水动力学机制为基础,从应力加载作用下渗流场的变化、渗流场变化引起地下水温度变化以及裂隙介质热量运移三个方面分别阐述了前人研究成果,旨在理清“含水层受力变形→井-含水层系统内水流变化→井水温度变化”的理论模式,探讨应力加载作用引起地下水微温度场变化的理论基础和技术途径。对这一领域研究成果的综合分析将有助于我们深入地研究地震孕育过程中的前兆成因机理。 相似文献
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David A Williams 《Astronomy& Geophysics》2000,41(3):3.08-3.16
An account of the RAS Presidential Address of 11 February 2000, given by David A Williams , Perren Professor of Astronomy, University College London. 相似文献
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A method to predict aquifer vulnerability to pesticide contamination at the subregional scale was developed. The assessment method was designed to incorporate relevant hydrologic and pesticide-transport information and to use generally available data. The method assumes steady-state advection of pesticides in the vadose zone, including sorption and biological decay. The solution is presented as a vulnerability index (VI) that increases as the aquifer vulnerability increases. The hydrologic input data for the VI model are obtained from the soil survey geographic database. Pesticides were grouped into three leachability classes using a leachability ratio (half-life divided by organic carbon partition coefficient). Pesticide transformation is assumed to occur in the surface layer. The influence of vertical transport in the remainder of the vadose zone has been incorporated by applying a multiplying factor to the VI that varies with depth to ground water. Hydraulic conductivity is used as a surrogate for soil-water velocity for practical purposes. The performance of the VI model is evaluated using ground water data from Weld County, Colorado. The model is demonstrated to be successful at predicting relative vulnerability, defined as the magnitude of pesticide concentration and percent of wells in a unit that exhibit a pesticide detection. Areas of low, medium, and high vulnerability are assigned. Results indicate that the vulnerability classifications are most dependent on the leachability ratio, hydraulic conductivity, and organic carbon content. 相似文献
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Baldwin BR Peacock AD Park M Ogles DM Istok JD McKinley JP Resch CT White DC 《Ground water》2008,46(2):295-304
Passive multilevel samplers (MLS) containing a solid matrix for microbial colonization were used as in situ microcosms in conjunction with a push-pull biostimulation experiment designed to promote biological U(VI) and Tc(VII) reduction. MLS were deployed at 24 elevations in the injection well and two downgradient wells to investigate the spatial variability in microbial community composition and growth prior to and following biostimulation. The microbial community was characterized by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) quantification of bacteria, NO(3)(-)-reducing bacteria (nirS and nirK), delta-proteobacteria, Geobacter sp., and methanogens (mcrA). Pretest cell densities were low overall but varied substantially with significantly greater bacterial populations detected at circumneutral pH (t-test, alpha= 0.05), suggesting carbon substrate and low pH limitations of microbial activity. Although pretest cell densities were low, denitrifying bacteria were dominant members of the microbial community. Biostimulation with an ethanol-amended ground water resulted in concurrent NO(3)(-) and Tc(VII) reduction, followed by U(VI) reduction. Q-PCR analysis of MLS revealed significant (1 to 2 orders of magnitude, Mann-Whitney U-test, alpha= 0.05) increases in cell densities of bacteria, denitrifiers, delta-proteobacteria, Geobacter sp., and methanogens in response to biostimulation. Traditionally, characterization of sediment samples has been used to investigate the microbial community response to biostimulation; however, collection of sediment samples is expensive and not conducive to deep aquifers or temporal studies. The results presented demonstrate that push-pull tests with passive MLS provide an inexpensive approach to determine the effect of biostimulation on contaminant concentrations, geochemical conditions, and the microbial community composition and function. 相似文献
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1996～2003年全世界灾害地震统计分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
讨论了1996～2003年8年期间全世界灾害地震的空间分布特征和地震灾情与全球地震活动性、地震震级和地震发震时刻的关系。结果表明：这8年期间地震灾情与全球地震活动性及地震震级无明显的统计相关关系,似乎与发震的国度、地震的发震时刻有一定的关系。 相似文献
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本文对钢筋混凝土框架的地震破坏进行了计算机模拟试验研究，指出了破坏过程中结构瞬态动力特性的变化特征，研究了影响瞬态动力特性的若干因素，明晰了结构整体耗能能力的大小与结构周期的延长之间的关系。作者认为结构瞬态动力特性和地震动的特性是影响结构破坏过程的主要因素，指出结构地震破坏模拟具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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