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长江三峡水利枢纽建成并投入运行后,三峡大坝至葛洲坝河段的水流及污染物运动规律将发生变化,从而对该河段水域的水环境质量产生影响.根据两坝间的水文及水质特性,建立了两坝间一维水量水质模型,可用以预测大坝建成后两坝间水量、水质及水环境容量的变化,为该水域的污染控制及水环境管理提供决策支持. 相似文献
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长江三峡水利枢纽建成并投入运行后，三峡大坝至葛洲坝河段的水流及污染物运行规律将发生变化，从而对该河段水域的水环境质量产生影响，根据两坝间的水文及水质特性，建立了两坝间一维水量水质模型，可用以预测大坝建成后两坝间水量，水质及水环境容量的变化，为该水域的污染控制及水环境管理提供决策支持。 相似文献
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在贵阳市南明区河水环境综合整治项目二期工程施工中,针对软土地基砂袋围堰易变形失稳、承载能力差等问题,开展了软土地基砂袋围堰施工技术及变形失稳影响因素分析。本文基于实际施工工况条件,在考虑最不利荷载作用下,采用有限元法对软地基砂袋围堰进行了模拟分析,并以围堰倾角和围堰宽度作为影响因素,获得了相同水位条件下围堰变形情况,提出了最优的砂袋围堰堆砌方案,通过研究提高了砂袋围堰受力性能,降低了变形失稳破坏的风险,并将其理论模拟优化结果应用于实际挡水围堰施工承载力中,加快了施工进度,保证了工程质量,可为后续类似围堰施工提供理论支持。 相似文献
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为便于施工,位于水域中的基坑工程通常需要施作围堰来保证施工场地干燥,但目前对围堰变形的研究尚不完善。以南昌艾溪湖隧道工程为研究背景,利用Midas GTS NX有限元软件,研究围堰宽度、拉杆位置对双排钢管桩围堰变形规律的影响,并通过将模拟计算结果与实测数据进行对比,验证了模型的合理性。研究结果表明：围堰宽度有一个合适的范围,过小过大均会造成围堰变形过大。在本工程中,围堰合理宽度范围为3.5～4.5 m,围堰宽度的改变对围堰内基坑开挖变形影响较小;综合两侧钢管桩变形来看,拉杆设置在围堰顶部0.8 m处时两侧钢管桩变形较小。 相似文献
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珠江一特大桥主墩位于珠江水域中,承台基坑施工采用锁口钢管桩围堰围护, C30水下混凝土封底。封底完成后进行围堰内排水时,基底承压水击穿了封底混凝土,造成了基底突涌事件。对比在围堰内降水和在围堰外降水两种方案后,决定采用围堰外降水的方法,将承压水位降至封底顶面以下。该方案工期短、费用低,开创了在珠江内降底承压水的先例,成功处理了围堰封底失败的事故,确保了承台的顺利施工。实践证明在深水中降承压水是可行的,降水是保证承台基坑安全的重要手段之一,为类似工程提供了宝贵的经验。 相似文献
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某水利工程主要包括河道托挖、直立挡墙加斜坡及灌注排桩3标建设内容,其中灌注排桩及基坑开挖施工处于何垛河汛期阶段,为保证锚碇基础的安全性、连续性施工,采取均质土围堰保证场地的施工条件。对施工现场环境与均质土围堰利用有限元软件构建立模型,然后计算分析了围堰基底抗滑稳定性、围堰变形与应力、围堰整体抗滑稳定性、围堰渗流及围堰高度演算等方面内容。研究表明:采用均质土围堰作为高水位条件下的挡水建筑物不仅能够避免出现汛期停工的现象,而且保证了施工区的安全并降低了工程成本,可为其他类似工程施工技术提供一定借鉴。 相似文献
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角木塘水电站采用围堰一次拦断河床、导流隧洞枯期泄流的导流方式,上下游围堰均为土石过水围堰,上游围堰为全国较高的土石过水围堰,对该围堰堰面的保护要求高、难度大。本文对该土石过水围堰结构进行设计,为上游围堰安全度汛提供保障,保证持续过水时间为1～2天,为类似工程提供借鉴。 相似文献
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压浆技术在桥梁桩基工程中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
桥梁基础施工中双壁钢围堰发生倾斜、偏转后,桥梁桩基础又出现断桩后利用压浆技术进行处理是成功的,在草袋土围堰和单壁钢围堰下有砂砾石覆盖层时,利用压浆技术封底固结天然河床而完成堰内的抽水明挖施工工艺做了介绍。 相似文献
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Groundwater and surface water contamination in the area of the Hitura nickel mine, Western Finland 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Tailings-derived mine drainage water that is neutral in character, has a high electrical conductivity and contains elevated sulphate, chloride and nickel concentrations, has caused deterioration in groundwater and surface water quality in the mining area of Hitura in Western Finland. This deterioration, and thereby the location of the contaminant plume, was recognized in the water chemistry in the form of a gradual change in ion composition from Ca-HCO3-type water towards a Mg-SO4-rich type. It was possible to define the extent of the pollution by using cluster analysis to distinguish between hydrochemically different regimes and performing an electrical sounding survey. The results indicated that contamination is most intense close to the tailings impoundment and is related to an esker complex running across this area. Nevertheless, the water in the eastern and southern parts of the area upgradient of the hydraulic head is uncontaminated and suitable for water supply purposes. 相似文献
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2007年7月在上海崇明东滩盐沼内部采用复合测量手段进行了现场观测,对取得的盐沼水动力过程数据进行了较系统的分析。崇明东滩盐沼内部的观测及分析结果表明:(1)潮沟及盐沼表面对潮波产生严重阻尼作用,潮波传播至盐沼内部时,潮沟水位波动明显异于外海,水位上升极快,而下降慢。当潮沟有退水时,涨潮初期的当地水位上升并不是潮水进入潮沟的结果,而是流向相反的潮沟进口涨潮水和潮沟内退潮水形成的水位壅高;(2)潮波进入盐沼内部时,风具有一定作用,向岸风可抬高潮沟及盐沼内部水位,离岸风反之;(3)潮沟水流流速与潮沟水位变化率、外海潮位变化率都不存在相关关系;(4)潮沟水位低时,过流断面较小,涨潮水进入潮沟时,潮沟水一旦改变流向,就具备很高的流速并伴随流速峰值的出现。潮沟水向盐沼表面漫溢时,过流断面突变,潮沟流速出现峰值。由于潮沟退潮水位变化慢,盐沼表面水归槽时并没有产生潮沟流速峰值。根据崇明东滩观测结果,概括了盐沼水动力过程的影响因素,指出了以后研究应重视的问题。 相似文献
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A. V. Arakel 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):335-369
Sediment at the sediment‐water interface of natural and man‐made waterways forms an integral part of the ecosystem because it is affected by a continuous flux of physical, chemical and biological components between the sediment, interstitial water and the overlying water column. Aquatic sediments contain records of past and present urban and rural runoff, chemical discharges and spills. In recent years sediment quality has received increasing attention following identification of the role of sediment as both a sink for pollutants and as a contaminant source with potential impacts on the quality of receiving waters. Research has indicated that the processes leading to remobilization of contaminated sediments in upstream reaches of a waterway may, through time, exert a significant influence on water quality in the downstream reaches. This, together with the cumulative effects due to contaminant input from point and non‐point source discharges, have dramatic effects on water quality and thus on ecosystem structure and functioning. The problems associated with elevated concentrations of many hazardous organic and inorganic compounds have resulted in the establishment of aquatic sediment quality criteria and management guidelines in many overseas countries, with the objectives being the reduction and elimination of adverse environmental effects and human health risks associated with contaminated sediments. Whereas more than 70% of the Australian population is clustered around the coastal waterways, little is known about the role of sediments as a repository of environmental pollutants and/or as a source of adverse impacts on water quality and the health of our rivers. The paucity of knowledge on the quality of aquatic sediment highlights the need for the development of coherent guidelines for sediment quality assessment and management of contaminated sites, which are consistent with Australian environmental conditions and land use features. A comparative evaluation of sediment quality information from eight coastal rivers along the east coast of Australia, presented in this paper, indicates the possibility for establishing a framework for regional sediment quality assessment. This may be achievable by using textural and compositional attributes of bottom sediments in depositional areas to develop databases on the loading and concentration trends of nutrients and contaminants. Regional variability in sediment quality determinants are shown to reflect the influence of catchment hydrology, lithology and land use on nutrient and contaminant concentration trends. Locally, the loading and partitioning behaviour of sediment‐bound contaminants is largely controlled by the nature and the extent of interactions occurring at the sediment‐water interface within individual depositional units. The concept of ‘Sediment Effect Zone’ is introduced to provide a compartmental approach to the characterization of aquatic sediments and depositional environments in different hydrologic zones. This approach offers a rational basis for follow‐up chemical and biological assessments to establish sediment quality standards and management guidelines. Because of the complex influences of environmental, methodological and statistical factors on defining the sediment variability, the need for implementing proper quality control measures from early stages of design of a sediment quality assessment program is highlighted. 相似文献
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我国含油气盆地地下水系统可分为油田水系统和溶滤水系统,二者之间按电性、富水性和矿化度大致以上、下第三系为界。含油气系统按成藏过程及其地质特征分为生成系统、运移系统和聚集系统。地下水系统是流体系统的主体部分,它包含了含油气系统。油田水系统与含油气系统关系十分密切,油气的生成、运移和聚集过程都是在油田水参与下进行的。溶滤水系统影响并改造着含油气系统,油气藏会在溶滤水作用下遭到破坏。异常高压由排水固结的不均衡所形成,它的存在阻止了油田水向上运移。含油气盆地流体系统研究是现代水文地质学的一个新的研究领域,是油气成藏研究的一种有效途径。 相似文献
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由于目前缺乏一套完整成熟的地下水污染风险源准确识别与分级方法, 在综合解析污染源结构、污染物输移过程评价的基础上, 构建了涵盖地下水易污性和地下水污染源两部分多因素耦合的风险源识别模型, 其中从污染源特性和污染物性质两方面建立了污染源危害性评价参数体系.以地下水易污性指数和污染源潜在危害性评价指数作为风险源分级指标, 采用乘积模型进行了风险源的评价与分级.选择某水源地对所建方法进行实例分析, 确定了地下水污染的高风险源区.结果表明, 污染源和地下水易污性共同决定了地下水污染的风险源, 所建方法对地下水污染的预防及污染源的有效监管有重要意义. 相似文献
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目前三峡水库枯水期已有11.1%的监测断面水质超标。城区江段岸边水质已出现较为严重的污染带。利用面向环境问题的污染负荷计量方法,对长江三峡库区干流水体主要污染负荷来源及贡献进行了分析。结果表明,富营养化污染负荷2003年总量为2.79万t PO43-当量,其中总磷贡献量最大,占总量的45.8%。其次是总氮和CODCr,分别占37.9%和16.4%。城市生活污水和农业施肥是主要来源,分别占总量的61.0%和26.3%。水生生态毒性污染负荷为7 612.6t 1,4-二氯苯当量。其中挥发酚和汞贡献量分别占78.0%和21.2%。来自城市生活污水占76.52%,重点工业企业的占23.48%。富营养化污染负荷有逐年增加趋势。重点工业企业六价铬和铅,城市污水中挥发酚水生生态毒性污染负荷增加较快。 相似文献
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结合物理、化学、生物学指标,采用Margelef多样性指数、营养状态综合指数法对淮南矿区塌陷塘水体水质进行定性分析和定量研究,发现水体受有机污染严重,BOD5、CODCr、TP等指标含量较高,水质状况已趋于富营养化,其水体中氮的含量与水质变化的相关性明显大于磷,而且磷受环境因素影响较明显;Margelef多样性指数也由1986年的3.20减至2005年的2.21(小于2.5),营养状态综合指数为65.18,水质级别为中度富营养(Ⅳ)。这说明塌陷塘水体水质变化一方面受环境因素干扰较为严重,另一方面也有其内在的发展规律,和内陆湖泊相比有较明显的特殊性。 相似文献
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Freshwater and sediment management in estuaries affects water quality, particularly in deltaic estuaries. Furthermore, climate change-induced sea-level rise (SLR) and land subsidence also affect estuarine water quality by changing salinity, circulation, stratification, sedimentation, erosion, residence time, and other physical and ecological processes. However, little is known about how the magnitudes and spatial and temporal patterns in estuarine water quality variables will change in response to freshwater and sediment management in the context of future SLR. In this study, we applied the Delft3D model that couples hydrodynamics and water quality processes to examine the spatial and temporal variations of salinity, total suspended solids, and chlorophyll-α concentration in response to small (142 m3 s?1) and large (7080 m3 s?1) Mississippi River (MR) diversions under low (0.38 m) and high (1.44 m) relative SLR (RSLR = eustatic SLR + subsidence) scenarios in the Breton Sound Estuary, Louisiana, USA. The hydrodynamics and water quality model were calibrated and validated via field observations at multiple stations across the estuary. Model results indicate that the large MR diversion would significantly affect the magnitude and spatial and temporal patterns of the studied water quality variables across the entire estuary, whereas the small diversion tends to influence water quality only in small areas near the diversion. RSLR would also play a significant role on the spatial heterogeneity in estuary water quality by acting as an opposite force to river diversions; however, RSLR plays a greater role than the small-scale diversion on the magnitude and spatial pattern of the water quality parameters in this deltaic estuary. 相似文献