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1.
The upper ocean response to tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific analyzed with Argo data 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A large number of autonomous profiling floats deployed in global oceans have provided abundant temperature and salinity profiles of the upper ocean. Many floats occasionally profile observations during the passage of tropical cyclones. These in-situ observations are valuable and useful in studying the ocean’s response to tropical cyclones, which are rarely observed due to harsh weather conditions. In this paper, the upper ocean response to the tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific during 2000–2005 is analyzed and discussed based on the data from Argo profiling floats. Results suggest that the passage of tropical cyclones caused the deepening of mixed layer depth (MLD), cooling of mixed layer temperature (MLT), and freshening of mixed layer salinity (MLS). The change in MLT is negatively correlated to wind speed. The cooling of the MLT extended for 50–150 km on the right side of the cyclone track. The change of MLS is almost symmetrical in distribution on both sides of the track, and the change of MLD is negatively correlated to pre-cyclone initial MLD. 相似文献
2.
The three dimensional structure of the western boundary current east of the Vietnam coast was determined from measurements
by Argo profiling floats which deployed near the east of the Vietnam Coast in October 2007. The trajectories of the Argo floats
provided robust evidence that there does exist southward flowing current along the Vietnam coast. The southward current begins
at about 15°N, 111°E, flowing along the 1 000 m isobath and extending to 5°N south. The estimated surface and parking depth
velocities obtained from the floats suggest that this southward current can extend to 1 000 m depth. The mean surface velocity
of the western boundary current is about 49 cm/s, with the maximum speed exceeding 100 cm/s occurring at 11.6°N, 109.5°E in
the direction of 245°. The mean parking depth (1 000 m) velocity is 12–16 cm/s with the maximum speed of 36 cm/s occurring
at 12.1°N, 109.7°E in the direction of 239°. 相似文献
3.
Satellite SST(sea surface temperature) from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System(AMSR-E) is compared with in situ temperature observations from Argo profiling floats over the global oceans to evaluate the advantages of Argo NST(near-surface temperature: water temperature less than 1 m from the surface). By comparing Argo nominal surface temperature(~5 m) with its NST, a diurnal cycle caused by daytime warming and nighttime cooling was found, along with a maximum warming of 0.08±0.36°C during 14:00–15:00 local time. Further comparisons between Argo 5-m temperature/Argo NST and AMSR-E SST retrievals related to wind speed, columnar water vapor, and columnar cloud water indicate warming biases at low wind speed(5 m/s) and columnar water vapor 28 mm during daytime. The warming tendency is more remarkable for AMSR-E SST/Argo 5-m temperature compared with AMSR-E SST/Argo NST, owing to the effect of diurnal warming. This effect of diurnal warming events should be excluded before validation for microwave SST retrievals. Both AMSR-E nighttime SST/Argo 5-m temperature and nighttime SST/Argo NST show generally good agreement, independent of wind speed and columnar water vapor. From our analysis, Argo NST data demonstrated their advantages for validation of satellite-retrieved SST. 相似文献
4.
针对Argo海洋浮标数据的准实时性、海量性、时空异变性等特点和多种查询应用需求,分析了当前时空索引方法的优势与不足,提出了一种多频率STR-tree索引与格网索引的混合索引结构MFSTR-tree。该方法在首先轨迹束层利用动态轨迹束作为叶节点生成STR-tree结构,将STR-tree索引结构灵活、数据冗余少的优势进一步扩大;接着通过轨迹束的多种频率在采样点层构建格网索引,实现在查询效率上的提升;同时给出了该结构插入算法和查询算法的具体描述。本文以中国Argo实时资料中心提供的2015年海洋浮标数据为例,将该方法与HR-tree和STR-tree方法进行了构建效率和查询效率的对比实验,结果表明该方法在保证了构建存储效率和时间效率的同时,有效改善了原有STR-tree应用于Argo数据中的查询效率问题。 相似文献
5.
Determination of the Current System on Isopycnal Surface Between Mindanao and New Guinea from GDEM 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Peter C Chu 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2003,21(3):193-213
1 .INTRODUCTIONThewesternequatorialPacific ,particularlythesouthernmostPhilippineSea ,wascalled“watermasscrossroads”byFineetal.(1 994 )duetotheconfluencethereofseveralwatermassesfromhigherlatitudesofbothhemispheres (Wyrtki,1 96 1 ;Fineetal.,1 994 ) .Fineetal.(1 994 )de picted (Fig .1 )majorcurrentsintheIndonesianregion .AfterencounteringthewesternboundaryalongthePhilippinecoast,theNorthEquatorialCur rent (NEC)bifurcatesintothenorthwardflowingKuroshioandthesouthwardflowingMindanao… 相似文献
6.
The impact of meso-scale eddies on the Subtropical Mode Water in the western North Pacific 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the temperature and salinity from the Argo profiling floats and altimeter-derived geostrophic velocity anomaly (GVA) data in the western North Pacific during 2002–2011, the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW) distribution is investigated and cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies (CEs and AEs) are constructed to study the influence of their vertical structures on maintaining NPSTMW. Combining eddies identified by the GVA data and Argo profiling float data, it is found that the average NPSTMW thickness of AEs is about 60 dbar, which is thicker than that of CEs. The NPSTMW thicker than 150 dbar in AEs accounts for 18%, whereas that in CEs accounts for only 1%. About 3377 (3517) profiles, which located within one diameter of the nearest CEs (AEs) are used to construct the CE (AE). The composite AE traps low-PV water in the center and with a convex shape in the vertical section. The ‘trapped depth’ of the composite CE (AE) is 300 m (550 m) where the rotational velocity exceeds the transitional velocity. The present study suggests that the anticyclonic eddies are not only likely to form larger amounts of NPSTMW, but also trap more NPSTMW than cyclonic eddies. 相似文献
7.
We addressed the mesoscale structure variation of the central South China Sea (SCS) with the measurements by a long-lived
Argo float and a high-resolution ATLAS buoy during 1998–2002. T-S diagram indicates cooling and freshening events in 2000
and 2001 with lower salinity (0.5–0.8) and lower temperature (1–1.7°C). Significant decrease in the net heat flux and increase
in the precipitation suggest that the cooling and freshening is due to extra forcing by the atmosphere. Additional to large
year-to-year changes, intraseasonal variability is moderate in the research area. The axis of the maximum intraseasonal temperature
and salinity signals are mainly located on the thermocline. Typically, amplitude and period of intraseasonal temperature is
about 2°C and 40–60 days, and that of salinity is 0.3–0.5 and 35–60 days. Rapidly-changing winds, heat flux, and precipitation
are critical in controlling the intraseasonal fluctuations of the mixed layer of the area. Studies on heat and freshwater
balance in the mixed-layer further suggest that horizontal advection plays an important role in intraseasonal fluctuation
in the upper ocean. In addition, the energetic mesoscale propagation radiated from the east boundary is linked to the intraseasonal
variability in winter. 相似文献
8.
With long-term marine surveys and research, and especially with the development of new marine environment monitoring technologies,
prodigious amounts of complex marine environmental data are generated, and continuously increase rapidly. Features of these
data include massive volume, widespread distribution, multiple-sources, heterogeneous, multi-dimensional and dynamic in structure
and time. The present study recommends an integrative visualization solution for these data, to enhance the visual display
of data and data archives, and to develop a joint use of these data distributed among different organizations or communities.
This study also analyses the web services technologies and defines the concept of the marine information gird, then focuses
on the spatiotemporal visualization method and proposes a process-oriented spatiotemporal visualization method. We discuss
how marine environmental data can be organized based on the spatiotemporal visualization method, and how organized data are
represented for use with web services and stored in a reusable fashion. In addition, we provide an original visualization
architecture that is integrative and based on the explored technologies. In the end, we propose a prototype system of marine
environmental data of the South China Sea for visualizations of Argo floats, sea surface temperature fields, sea current fields,
salinity, in-situ investigation data, and ocean stations. An integration visualization architecture is illustrated on the
prototype system, which highlights the process-oriented temporal visualization method and demonstrates the benefit of the
architecture and the methods described in this study. 相似文献
9.
From the synopical CTD sections in the WOCE PR11 repeated cruises, the South Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (SPSTMW) has been identified in the region of the Tasman Front Extension (TFE) around 29?S to the east of Australia. In the depth range of 150-250 m, the SPSTMW appears as a thermostad with vertical temperature gradient lower than 1.6℃(100 m)-1 and a tem- perature range of 16.5-19.5℃ and as a pycnostad with PV lower than 2×10-10 m-1 s-1 and a potential density range of 25.4-26.0 kg m-3. Like the subtropical mode waters in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, the formation of the SPSTMW is associated with the convective mixing during the austral wintertime as manifested from the time series of the Argo floats. And cold water entrains into the mixed layer with the deepening mixed layer from September to the middle of October. During the wintertime formation process, mesoscale eddies prevailing in the TFE region play an important role in the SPSTMW formation, and have a great effect on the SPSTMW distribution in the next year. The deeper (shallower) mixed layer in wintertime, consistent with the depressed (uplifted) permanent thermocline, is formed by the anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies, and the substantial mode water thicker than 50 m is mainly found in the region of the anticyclonic eddies where the permanent thermocline is deeper than 450 m. 相似文献
10.
Vertical structure and evolution of the Luzon Warm Eddy 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Eddies are frequently observed in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS). However, there have been few studies on vertical
structure and temporal-spatial evolution of these eddies. We analyzed the seasonal Luzon Warm Eddy (LWE) based on Argo float
data and the merged data products of satellite altimeters of Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1 and European Research Satellites. The
analysis shows that the LWE extends vertically to more than 500 m water depth, with a higher temperature anomaly of 5°C and
lower salinity anomaly of 0.5 near the thermocline. The current speeds of the LWE are stronger in its uppermost 200 m, with
a maximum speed of 0.6 m/s. Sometimes the LWE incorporates mixed waters from the Kuroshio Current and the SCS, and thus has
higher thermohaline characteristics than local marine waters. Time series of eddy kinematic parameters show that the radii
and shape of the LWE vary during propagation, and its eddy kinetic energy follows a normal distribution. In addition, we used
the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) here to analyze seasonal characteristics of the LWE. The results suggest that the
LWE generally forms in July, intensifies in August and September, separates from the coast of Luzon in October and propagates
westward, and weakens in December and disappears in February. The LWE’s westward migration is approximately along 19°N latitude
from northwest of Luzon to southeast of Hainan, with a mean speed of 6.6 cm/s. 相似文献
11.
Retrieve sea surface salinity using principal component regression model based on SMOS satellite data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The sea surface salinity(SSS) is a key parameter in monitoring ocean states. Observing SSS can promote the understanding of global water cycle. This paper provides a new approach for retrieving sea surface salinity from Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity(SMOS) satellite data. Based on the principal component regression(PCR) model, SSS can also be retrieved from the brightness temperature data of SMOS L2 measurements and Auxiliary data. 26 pair matchup data is used in model validation for the South China Sea(in the area of 4?–25?N, 105?–125?E). The RMSE value of PCR model retrieved SSS reaches 0.37 psu(practical salinity units) and the RMSE of SMOS SSS1 is 1.65 psu when compared with in-situ SSS. The corresponding Argo daily salinity data during April to June 2013 is also used in our validation with RMSE value 0.46 psu compared to 1.82 psu for daily averaged SMOS L2 products. This indicates that the PCR model is valid and may provide us with a good approach for retrieving SSS from SMOS satellite data. 相似文献
12.
利用3家机构（JAMSTEC、SIO、IPRC）发布的Argo海洋温度和盐度数据分析2005~2015年全球SSL在不同时间和空间尺度上的变化特征。结果表明,全球平均SSL（即由海水密度变化引起的）上升速率为1.08±0.38 mm/a;年际信号对SSL变化速率的估算结果存在显著影响,近期（2011~2015年）Argo数据的估算结果（2.16±0.50 mm/a）显著大于早期（2005~2010年）的结果（0.66±0.64 mm/a）。当前Argo产品用于全球平均SSL变化趋势的分析结果较为一致,差异为3家机构所得结果平均值的10%左右;而小尺度上(20°宽纬度带)的计算结果差异很大,能达到平均值的80%。对全球SSL的空间特征的分析结果也显示,3家机构产品估算的海平面比容变化周年振幅和线性速率在更小的尺度(±5°)上存在不可忽视的差异。 相似文献
13.
Application of nonlinear multi-channel algorithms for estimating sea surface temperature with NOAA-14 AVHRR data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李晓峰 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2000,18(3):199-207
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙ 1 970ｓ,ｔｈｅＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄＶｅｒｙＨｉｇｈＲｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎＲａｄｉｏｍｅｔｅｒ(ＡＶＨＲＲ)ｏｎｂｏａｒｄｔｈｅＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＯｃｅａｎｉｃａｎｄＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＡｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ (ＮＯＡＡ)ｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆＰｏｌａｒ ｏｒｂｉｔｉｎｇＯｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｌＥｎ ｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅｓ (ＰＯＥＳ)ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｓｅａｓｕｒｆａｃｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ (ＳＳＴ)ｒｅｔｒｉｅｖａｌａｎｄｃｌｏｕ… 相似文献
14.
Mt. Everest is often referred to as the earth＇s ＇third＇ pole. As such it is relatively inaccessible and little is known about its meteorology. In 2005, an automatic weather station was operated at North Col （28°1′ 0.95＂ N, 86°57′ 48.4＂ E, 6523 m a.s.l.） of Mt. Everest. Based on the observational data, this paper compares the reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR （hereafter NCEP-Ⅰ） and NCEP-DOE AMIP-Ⅱ （NCEP- Ⅱ）, in order to understand which reanalysis data are more suitable for the high Himalayas with Mr. Everest region. When comparing with those from the other levels, pressure interpolated from 500 hPa level is closer to the observation and can capture more synoptic-scale variability, which may be due to the very complex topography around Mt. Everest and the intricately complicated orographic land-atmosphereocean interactions. The interpolation from both NCEP-Ⅰ and NCEP-Ⅱ daily minimum temperature and daily mean pressure can capture most synopticscale variability （r〉0.82, n=83, p〈0.001）. However, there is difference between NCEP-Ⅰ and NCEP-Ⅱ reanalysis data because of different model parameterization. Comparing with the observation, the magnitude of variability was underestimated by 34.1%, 28.5 % and 27.1% for NCEP-Ⅰ temperature and pressure, and NCEP-Ⅱ pressure, respectively, while overestimated by 44.5 % for NCEP-Ⅱ temperature. For weather events interpolated from the reanalyzed data, NCEP-Ⅰ and NCEP-Ⅱ show the same features that weather events interpolated from pressure appear at the same day as those from the observation, and some events occur one day ahead, while most weather events and NCEP-Ⅱ temperature interpolated from NCEP-Ⅰ happen one day ahead of those from the observation, which is much important for the study on meteorology and climate changes in the region, and is very valuable from the view of improving the safety of climbers who attempt to climb Mt. Everest. 相似文献
15.
Eighy-one CTD profiles gathered in springtime were used for northem East China Sea tbermohalinefinestructure studies indicating that the finestructure properties vaned with region and depth, as shown infinesructure specra, distribution of Cox numbers etc..Some results closely wiated to distribution of watermasses and Analysis of two typical profiles revealed differenes in autospectra of temperature,salihity and potential density gradients, probobility distribution of temperature finestructure gradient,Cox numberc.etc. The probability density function of vertical temperature gradients, which varied withsample interval, is given. The variances of temperatare finestructare gradient are used to estimate the lat-eral diffusivity and lateral temperatare flux, which were 10.3 (m~2/s) and 5.5×10~(-4) (℃ m/s),respectivly. 相似文献
16.
Comparative analysis of microwave brightness temperature data in Northeast China using AMSR-E and MWRI products 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
With such significant advantages as all-day observation, penetrability and all-weather coverage, passive microwave remote
sensing technique has been widely applied in the research of global environmental change. As the satellite-based passive microwave
remote sensor, the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) loaded on NASA’s (National Aeronautics
and Space Administration of USA) Aqua satellite has been popularly used in the field of microwave observation. The Microwave
Radiation Imager (MWRI) loaded on the Chinese FengYun-3A (FY-3A) satellite is an AMSR-E-like conical scanning microwave sensor,
but there are few reports about MWRI data. This paper firstly proposed an optimal spatial position matching algorithm from
rough to exact for the position matching between AMSR-E and MWRI data, then taking Northeast China as an example, comparatively
analyzed the microwave brightness temperature data derived from AMSR-E and MWRI. The results show that when the antenna footprints
of the two sensors are filled with either full water, or full land, or mixed land and water with approximate proportion, the
errors of brightness temperature between AMSR-E and MWRI are usually in the range from −10 K to +10 K. In general, the residual
values of brightness temperature between the two microwave sensors with the same spatial resolution are in the range of ±3
K. Because the spatial resolution of AMSR-E is three times as high as that of MWRI, the results indicate that the quality
of MWRI data is better. The research can provide useful information for the MWRI data application and microwave unmixing method
in the future. 相似文献
17.
ImooUrnONTheedycarsePiddricofprawndiscaseintheprawnculturecoastalarmsofChi-naandsoutheastAsiaresultedinnoproduCtinnoutputfromrnostprawnpondsandheaVyerenoAnclosscyumbull,l994).Upt0now,devemeasimtopreventandtreatthediseasehavenotbopresental,althoughwaterenvironmentdeteriorationisconunn-lyknowntobethekcyfactorcausingthisdhase(Jiang,l994).ThispreliIninrystudyonthereati0nsbetweenprawndiseaseandfactorsthatseriouslyaffodwatetenvirDimtalquality(WaterteInPeratllre,waterexchangeamount,andarnountSa… 相似文献
18.
Experiments on salimity tolerance of embryos and larvae of the southern bay scallopArgopecten irradians concentricus Say under controlled temperature of 28°C showed that although the eggs were fertilized and cleaved at salinity 18.1–37.4,
they could further develop into normal D-shaped larvae only at salinity 23.4–36.1, while the trochophore larvae could develop
into normal D—shaped larvae at salinity 22.1–39.9. For 72 hours, the larvae could tolerate salinity of 18.4–43.9, the salinity
favoring growth was 19.8–42.4; the suitable range was 21–36, and the optimum at about 28. They metamorphosed at salinity 18.9–43.5,
optimally at 24–32.
Contribution No. 3301 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The research was supported by the National Climbing Project B(PDB6-3-2). 相似文献
19.
Determination of geostrophic flow by applying the principle of minimum energy and the inverse method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article gives a computing method to calculate the geostrophic current. The fact that kinetic energy of geostrophic motion
and geostrophic potential energy reach minimum simultaneously. Fomins “principle of minimum kinetic energy” is equivalent
to the principle of minimum geostrophic potential energy. We concluded that horizontal geostrophic velocities at different
depths are along the same direction. Combining our method with C. Wunsch’s inverse method we can obtain the velocity components
along and normal to the hydrographic sections. We used and analysed CTD and current meter data of “Experiment No. 3” exploration,
December 1985–January 1986, in the west Pacific Ocean—Philippine area.
Contribution No. 1513 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. 相似文献
20.
In this paper,we introduced parameterizations of the salinity effects(on heat capacity,thermal conductivity,freezing point and saturated vapor pressure) in a lake scheme integrated in the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the Community Land Model(WRF-CLM). This was done to improve temperature simulation over and in a saline lake and to test the contributions of salinity effects on various water properties via sensitivity experiments. The modified lake scheme consists of the lake module in the CLM model,which is the land component of the WRF-CLM model. The Great Salt Lake(GSL) in the USA was selected as the study area. The simulation was performed from September 3,2001 to September 30,2002. Our results show that the modif ied WRF-CLM model that includes the lake scheme considering salinity effects can reasonably simulate temperature over and in the GSL. This model had much greater accuracy than neglecting salinity effects,particularly in a very cold event when that effect alters the freezing point. The salinity effect on saturated vapor pressure can reduce latent heat flux over the lake and make it slightly warmer. The salinity effect on heat capacity can also make lake temperature prone to changes. However,the salinity effect on thermal conductivity was found insignificant in our simulations. 相似文献