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安徽滁县中生代火山岩盆地为长江中下游一系列火山岩盆地之一,它位于张八岭隆起的东侧,受平行于郯庐断裂的次级断裂控制,形成北北东向的断陷盆地。盆地基岩较老,西部直接覆盖在震旦亚界灯影组之上,其分布受古地形的制约(图1),南部、东部不整合在早古生界地层之上。 相似文献
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南秦岭元古宙板内火山作用特征及构造意义 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
南秦岭元古宙火山岩主要由两大类岩石构成，一类为SiO245%-57%的基性火山岩系，另一类为SiO267%-78%的酸性火山岩系，主要岩石类型为细碧岩、玄武岩和石英角班岩、流纹岩。基性火山岩整体上属拉斑玄武岩系列，酸性火山岩属钙碱系列。火山岩强烈富集稀土元素，尤其是轻稀土元素，酸性火山岩和基性火山岩有相似的稀土元素特征，显示了源区特征的不同。基性火山岩富集强不相容元素，相对亏损Nb和Ti, 成于大陆裂谷环境，具有大陆拉斑玄武岩的特征。同位素特征表明基性火山作用与地幔柱活动密切相关。南秦岭的中、晚元古代大陆拉张及由古地幔柱活动所引发的陆裂火山岩浆活动是古秦岭洋打开的先兆。 相似文献
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蒸气爆发、蒸发岩浆爆发起因于岩浆与外部水的相互作用所形成的基底涌流堆积物。近代火山学资料表明都是一些尚未固结的松散物，而在古火山岩区则是一套成层性极大的火山碎屑岩。着重论述粤东中生代火山岩区基底涌流相地层学、岩石学特征，指出该相岩石具有沉积碎屑岩和火山碎屑岩的双重特点，但其岩石命名应与火山碎屑流相相对应。该相岩石所具多种组分特征、结构构造和岩石类型，可作为在古火山岩区识别这类岩石的重要依据。 相似文献
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前人将施甸地区卧牛寺组火山岩与北部保山地区卧牛寺组火山岩等同起来,认为是海相喷发的产物。本次调查工作揭示,施甸地区卧牛寺组缺乏沉积夹层,与北部保山地区卧牛寺组火山岩喷发环境存在明显差异,其岩石学、地球化学、宏观地质特征均表明,施甸地区卧牛寺组火山岩具大陆溢流相喷发机制,为陆相喷发产物。同时,年龄测定结果（264 Ma）及其与下伏和上覆地层的接触关系表明,卧牛寺组火山岩的喷发时期为早二叠世,为卧牛寺组地质时代的确定提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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近些年来,人们广泛地利用火山岩的主元素或微量元素的特征对火山岩进行地球化学、成因岩石学和构造岩石学的研究。Mullen(1983)利用玄武岩的 MnO、TiO2和P2O5建立大洋型玄武岩的 MnO×10-TiO2-P2O5×10的构造背景判别图(以下简称MTP图)和圈出了大陆拉斑玄武岩在 MTP 图中的分布范围。他选择了能反映玄武岩形成过程中的重要地球化学特征和成因机制的元素组作为该图的端元组分。 相似文献
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西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段南北亚带蛇绿岩的成因探讨 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带自萨嘎以西分为达巴-休古嘎布(南亚带)和萨嘎-达机翁(北亚带)两个亚带,但两者的关系和构造环境还存在争论。本文在实测剖面的基础上,对比南北亚带蛇绿岩产出和岩石组成,以及对比基性岩脉和围岩方辉橄榄岩的地球化学和年代学特征,探讨两个带的关系和构造环境。北带错不扎、加纳崩和巴尔基性岩脉具有高Si、Al,低K、Ti、P特征,属钙碱性玄武质成分,锆石U-Pb年龄为125~128Ma;南亚带东波、普兰、休古嘎布基性岩具有高Mg、Ti,低Si、K特征,为低钾拉斑玄武质成分,锆石U-Pb年龄为120~130Ma。南北带基性岩具有类似产状和年代学,球粒陨石标准化曲线与NMORB一致;N-MORB标准化蛛网图中显示Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,指示洋内俯冲带弧前或弧后环境。此外,两带基性岩围岩方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石、辉石、尖晶石具有类似的矿物成分特征,地球化学成分兼有弧前和深海地幔橄榄岩的特点,指示南北亚带蛇绿岩形成于俯冲带弧前环境。结合区域对比,南亚带蛇绿岩不发育沟-弧-盆体系,具有从北到南的构造侵位特征,南北亚带之间的仲巴微地体具有特提斯喜马拉雅的亲缘性,指示南北蛇绿岩亚带可能为相同大洋岩石圈的不同残余。 相似文献
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近年来,对雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带的研究引起了国内外学者的广泛兴趣,因为它不仅对了解中生代以来特提斯海的演变,而且对阐明青藏高原地质发展历史都是十分重要的。虽然,这条带内大规模超基性岩体的分布早已被发现,有些岩体已作过很好的研究。但是,整个蛇绿岩组合的综合性研究还刚开始。最近一些作者根据野外路线调查,对这条蛇绿岩带作了初步的论述。但由于缺乏对蛇绿岩比较系统的填图工作,关于它的分布、组成、层序、形成、侵位及其演化历史还有许多重要情况不十分清楚。 相似文献
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A coherent ophiolitic complex of pyroxenite, serpentinite, metagabbro, mafic volcanics, felsic volcanics and sediments crops out in NW Maine, adjacent to the Chain Lakes massif. The complex (here informally referred to as the Boil Mountain ophiolitic complex) is about 500 m.y. old. The volcanic sequence is not typical of ophiolites in that it contains a large proportion of felsic volcanics. The mafic volcanics are divided into two geochemical groups. A stratigraphically lower group is depleted in Ti, Zr, Y, Cr and REE contents similar to basalts from supra-subduction zone ophiolites. An upper mafic group has trace element contents similar to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts. The felsic volcanics are mostly rhyolitic and similar to low-K rhyolites found in the forearc of the Marianas trench and in an island arc sequence in the Klamath Mountains, California. The flat REE patterns of the felsic volcanic rocks are similar to those found in siliceous rocks in the Oman ophiolite. The presence of thick sequences of felsic volcanics, the abundance of pyroxenite, the low Ti, Zr and REE contents of some mafic rocks, the flat REE patterns of the felsic volcanics, and the composition of clinopyroxene all suggest the complex was formed in the vicinity of a subduction zone. The complex may be correlated with ophiolitic fragments in the eastern part of the Dunnage Zone in Newfoundland, rather than the main ophiolite belt of the western Appalachians. 相似文献
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Neoproterozoic zirconium-depleted boninite and tholeiitic series rocks from Adola, southern Ethiopia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In Adola, southern Ethiopia, mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks occur in narrow, 4–10 km wide, north-south-trending belts bounded by high-grade gneisses and migmatites. The mafic/ultramafic rocks are complexly deformed and metamorphosed in greenschist to lower amphibolite facies and are thought to be tectonically dismembered parts of an ophiolite complex. Preliminary geochemical and geochronological data highlight that the high-grade rocks in southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya include a significant portion of juvenile rocks that were accreted at the same time as ophiolitic rocks at 885-765 Ma. This is also the time of widespread oceanic magmatism and closure in the Arabian-Nubian Shield to the north.The Adola mafic rocks were previously described as island arc tholeiites and mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). New chemical analyses on the Megado belt rocks reveal the presence of boninites and related dacites interspersed with tholeiitic rocks. The Adola boninites are similar to the Cambrian boninites in western Tasmania in having relatively low Zr/Sm (≤32). Boninites with similarly low ratios have not been reported from elsewhere.The Adola tholeiites have high Ti/Zr (150–300). Mixing between tholeiite and boninite magmas may have resulted in elevated Ti/Zr (80–126) in some Adola boninites. Otherwise, Ti/Zr in the latter is low (20–40). Low Ti/Zr is characteristic of Tertiary boninites in the west Pacific. The fact that both Ti/Eu and Zr/Sm increase from the Adola and Tasmania type to the Tertiary boninites at constant Ti/Zr suggests that Ti might be an element that is also metasomatically added to the source of boninites and raises doubts about the role of amphibole in boninite petrogenesis. 相似文献
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日喀则地区的蛇绿岩是西藏南部雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带出露较好的蛇绿岩之一。对日喀则地区白朗蛇绿岩的主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd同位素研究表明,其基性岩石为钙碱性系列,主要氧化物具有低钛(0.6%~1.1%)和富镁(6.6%~8.7%)、高铝(15.3%~16.0%),以及烧失量普遍较高(2.8%~4.6%)的特征。岩石微量元素配分型式与N-MORB类似,又具有岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特征,表明蛇绿岩受到了俯冲作用的影响。Sr-Nd同位素特征表明源区为略富集的MORB型地幔。白朗蛇绿岩所代表的特提斯地幔域与印度洋地幔域具有相似的地球化学性质,进一步证实了现今的印度洋继承了特提斯地幔域的地球化学特征。 相似文献
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西伯利亚地台西南缘加里东褶皱系中,金矿床发育有两种建造类型：a.金-硫化物-石英建造：b.金-矽卡岩建造。它们形成于古岛弧的地动力学构造环境,一般位于蛇绿岩建造带中,成因上与原地型深成花岗岩类岩体有关。矿石的伴生元素有Cu、Pb、Zn,丰度值一般高于围岩10-20倍。As、Sb、Mo、W、Bi、Te等元素可作为工业矿体之标志性元素。 相似文献
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在中国东部,北起黑龙江、南到海南岛,广泛地分布着新生代碱性玄武质岩石,例如碱性橄榄玄武岩、碧玄岩、霞石玄武岩等。它们含有丰富的超镁铁岩包体和各种巨晶。已发现的有辉石、角闪石、石榴石、歪长石、钛铁矿和云母等巨晶。Harte(1978)把巨晶定义为大的单矿物单个晶体,它比超镁铁岩团块中的矿物粗得多(2—20cm)。然而有的地质学家把巨晶的粒度下限定在1cm(Eggler 等,1979)。笔者遵循这一定义和采纳后一界线,在此基础上着重对中国东部部分地区的辉石和角闪石巨晶进行研究,研究情况见表1。 相似文献
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B. N. Church J. Dostal J. V. Owen A. R. Pettipas 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1995,84(4):710-719
Gabbroic bodies in the Bralorne-Gold Bridge area of southwestern British Columbia are associated with the oceanic Bridge River complex of the western Canadian Cordillera, one of the suspect terranes accreted to North America in the Jurassic. The gabbros are locally cut by tonalites and are structurally interleaved with ultramafic rocks, phyllites, graphitic cherts, and carbonate lenses that comprise the lower part of the Bridge River complex. Their late Carboniferous crystallization age overlaps the depositional age of affiliated supracrustal rocks (Mississippian-Jurassic), some of which have been metamorphosed to blueschist facies. Compositionally, the gabbros resemble mafic plutonic rocks of ophiolitic complexes and gabbroic rocks of the nearby Shulaps Range. They display some affinity to oceanic island arc tholeiitic suites. The Bralorne and Shulaps gabbros include cumulates and appear to have been derived from a single, light REE-depleted, peridotitic source by melting and subsequent fractional crystallization/accumulation of various combinations of plagioclase, pyroxenes, and olivine. The tonalites are compositionally distinct from typical ophiolitic plagiogranites, but might be related to the associated gabbros. The gabbroic bodies occur within tectonic slivers derived from the oceanic crust that floored a deep ocean basin that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic. The Bridge River complex comprises fragments of oceanic crust that were tectonically incorporated into an east-verging accretionary prism during a middle/late Triassic to Jurassic collisional event. 相似文献
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Greenstone belts in the northern Murchison Terrane of the Yilgarn Craton contain an extensive suite of 2.9–3.0 Ga, porphyritic komatiites and komatiitic volcaniclastic rocks. These unusual Ti–rich Al–depleted komatiites have been sampled at Gabanintha and are characterised by higher incompatible‐element abundances than most suites of Barberton‐type Al–depleted komatiites. They form a petrogenetically related group with similar Ti– and incompatible‐element‐rich, Al–depleted porphyritic komatiites and komatiitic volcaniclastic rocks from Karasjok in Norway, Dachine in French Guiana and Steep Rock‐Lumby Lake in Canada (here called Karasjok‐type komatiites). Their Al–depletion results from magma generation at depths of >250 km in the presence of residual majorite‐garnet. The porphyritic textures and abundance of amygdales and volcaniclastic rocks typical of this type of komatiite are features of hydrous ultramafic magmas. The incompatible‐element‐rich ultramafic rocks from Dachine contain diamonds that were most likely picked up as parent magmas interacted with mantle lithosphere that had been hydrated and chemically modified. Consequently the interaction of Karasjok‐type komatiite magmas with thick, island arc or continental mantle lithosphere may have resulted in their elevated water and incompatible‐element contents. The occurrence of Karasjok‐type komatiite lavas and volcaniclastic rocks in the northern Murchison Terrane suggests that during the Late Archaean that terrane had a hydrated, metasomatised or subduction‐modified mantle lithosphere. 相似文献