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1.
P. V. Smirnov A. O. Konstantinov G. N. Aleksandrova O. B. Kuzmina B. N. Shurygin 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,475(2):868-871
Peculiarities of the material composition and microstructure of coastal facies of Turtas Lake–Sea were studied in its marginal southwestern part for the first time. Interpretation of the lithological data showed that the deposits considered were formed under the conditions of a slightly saline basin and nearby full-flow river network. Based on the lithological, geochemical, and micropaleontological studies of clay–siliceous rocks of the Lower Turtas Formation (the boundary zone between the Tyumen and Sverdlovsk regions), additional support for the freshwater lake regime of the Late Oligocene Turtas basin is given. 相似文献
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The stratigraphy of marine Plio-Pleistocene sediments from northeast Rhodes (Dodecanese islands, Greece) is revised in the light of facies mapping and the recognition of three major transgression–regression cycles. Before late Pliocene submergence, metamorphosed Mesozoic limestones formed a high-relief karstic landscape. During subsequent transgressions, subsiding basins with spectacular cliffed and bioeroded margins were infilled by a mosaic of carbonate-dominated sediments, sourced by high rates of carbonate productivity on narrow shelves rimming the basins and their drowning islands. Periods of relative sea-level fall superimposed a complex series of ‘fossil’ coastal geomorphological features such as cliffs, abrasion platforms, surf caves, notches, boulder beaches and palaeokarsts. These created the rugged present day topography of the island's northeast coast. Three main lithostratigraphic units, the Kritika, Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations, are defined. The Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations are subdivided into mappable facies groups rather than members, as the lithofacies are strongly diachronous. The Kritika and Rhodes Formations were each subaerially exposed and partly eroded before re-transgression. Although there is a general pattern of lithological succession, details vary across the study area and some facies groups are restricted in development, indicating differences in tectonic behaviour and palaeo-geomorphology between neighbouring basins. A preliminary process-response model is presented for the sedimentation history of the Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations, using sedimentological, palaeontological, palaeoecological and ichnological data. 相似文献
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The stratigraphy of marine Plio-Pleistocene sediments from northeast Rhodes (Dodecanese islands, Greece) is revised in the light of facies mapping and the recognition of three major transgression–regression cycles. Before late Pliocene submergence, metamorphosed Mesozoic limestones formed a high-relief karstic landscape. During subsequent transgressions, subsiding basins with spectacular cliffed and bioeroded margins were infilled by a mosaic of carbonate-dominated sediments, sourced by high rates of carbonate productivity on narrow shelves rimming the basins and their drowning islands. Periods of relative sea-level fall superimposed a complex series of ‘fossil’ coastal geomorphological features such as cliffs, abrasion platforms, surf caves, notches, boulder beaches and palaeokarsts. These created the rugged present day topography of the island's northeast coast. Three main lithostratigraphic units, the Kritika, Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations, are defined. The Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations are subdivided into mappable facies groups rather than members, as the lithofacies are strongly diachronous. The Kritika and Rhodes Formations were each subaerially exposed and partly eroded before re-transgression. Although there is a general pattern of lithological succession, details vary across the study area and some facies groups are restricted in development, indicating differences in tectonic behaviour and palaeo-geomorphology between neighbouring basins. A preliminary process-response model is presented for the sedimentation history of the Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations, using sedimentological, palaeontological, palaeoecological and ichnological data. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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黑龙江省东部残留盆地群早白垩世主要充填滴道组（裴德组）、城子河组（七虎林组和云山组）、穆棱组（珠山组）和东山组。沉积相以冲积扇相、（扇）三角洲相、湖泊相、海相等为主。沉积相研究结果表明,滴道组以冲积扇及（扇）三角洲粗碎屑沉积为主,并伴随有火山岩分布,反映了盆地初始裂陷阶段的沉积环境特点;城子河组和穆棱组沉积时期,三江地区处于整体下沉阶段,现今残留的三江盆地、勃利盆地、鸡西盆地、虎林盆地、宁安盆地、鹤岗盆地和汤原断陷等为统一的近海拗陷盆地,张广才岭-小兴安岭及东三江和完达山地区是盆地主要物源供给区,平面上构成（扇）三角洲-滨浅湖-半深湖-湖底扇的沉积格局,并且伴随有多次海侵事件,海侵方向主要来自虎林盆地东部及绥滨坳陷北部;东山组沉积时期,盆地已明显萎缩,发育局限的（扇）三角洲-滨浅湖相沉积。 相似文献
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V. N. Sval’nov O. B. Dmitrenko G. Kh. Kazarina E. D. Berezhnaya 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2014,49(4):281-291
Reference cores of sediments from the Angola and Cape basins were subjected to lithological, geochemical, and micropaleontological investigations. Based on nannofossil and diatom assemblages, the examined sediments represented by oxidized miopelagic clays, calcareous (nannofossil-foraminiferal, foraminiferal-nannofossil), calcareous-clayey, and clayey-calcareous mud are estimated to be the Pleistocene-Holocene in age. The Cape Basin section includes surface and buried ferromanganese nodules. There are indications of sedimentary material redeposition by the Antarctic Bottom Water and turbidity currents. The South Polar Front zone changed repeatedly its geographic position and migrated northward from the presentday one. As a whole, the Pleistocene-Holocene sedimentation in the Angola and Cape basins corresponds to the incomplete pelagic (miopelagic) type of oceanic lithogenesis. 相似文献
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晚更新世以来渤海南部莱州湾发生了3次重要海侵-海退事件及沉积演化过程,渤海南部多源河流三角洲对莱州湾沉积环境改变作用明显。本文选择莱州湾剖面进行沉积地层对比,结合调查资料和测试数据,初步建立莱州湾沉积地层格架,分析晚更新世以来莱州湾沉积演化过程。研究发现,渤海南部中小河流与黄河泥沙为莱州湾沉积物的共同物质来源,二者在不同阶段分别对莱州湾沉积演化起主导作用。提出本区沉积地层具有分期性、分段性和相关性规律。在124.6~72.0 ka B.P.,60.0~24.4 ka B.P.和10.2~4.0 ka B.P.出现过3次暖湿期,分别对应沧州海侵、献县海侵和黄骅海侵,主要发育滨浅海相沉积,向南退积为三角洲/潮坪—河流沉积;由陆向海,短源河流沉积贡献降低,黄河沉积贡献增加。在72.0~60.0 ka B.P.和24.4~10.2 ka B.P.出现2次冷干期,分别对应玉木早冰期和玉木晚冰期,河流相发育,三角洲进积。受海陆交互作用影响,晚更新世以来渤海南部莱州湾大致经历了浅海相—三角洲—潮坪—浅海相—三角洲—陆相的沉积演化。 相似文献
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对现代黄河三角洲地区YRD-1101孔上部岩心开展粒度分析,并结合AMS14C和光释光(OSL)年代学测试结果、沉积特征、微体古生物鉴定及周边钻孔对比,建立了MIS5期以来的地层框架,揭示出该地区主要经历了3个阶段的沉积环境演化过程:(1)晚更新世—早全新世河流与海相交替沉积,其中MIS5c阶段海侵水动力环境中等,MIS3期海侵水动力环境较弱,MIS2期河流沉积水动力较强;(2)全新世滨、浅海沉积环境,动力环境整体较强,相对比较稳定;(3)1855年至今形成的黄河三角洲沉积,水动力强度较弱到中等。海平面变化和构造沉降是影响研究区晚更新世以来沉积演化的主要因素,此外,黄河带来的大量泥沙对海侵强度也有显著影响。 相似文献
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天山东段地区二叠系芦草沟组的沉积时代、沉积环境和构造背景存在争议。根据芦草沟组中发现的标准化石桃树园吐鲁番鳕、托姆介介形虫和孢粉化石组合,结合沉积地层中大量碎屑锆石最年轻峰值年龄261 Ma,认为芦草沟组的沉积时代为瓜德鲁普世(中二叠世)而非乌拉尔世(早二叠世)。近年来,在芦草沟组中发现典型海相指示矿物海绿石、海相或海陆交互相托姆介介形虫,加之超高盐度咸化湖盆的证实,认为芦草沟组主体为湖相沉积,但部分沉积时段受到海侵(泛)事件影响。天山东段地区准噶尔盆地、三塘湖盆地、吐哈盆地二叠系芦草沟组具有相似的岩石组合、动物群面貌和构造特征,但不同盆地古盐度、古气候、古氧化还原条件、古水深、初级生产力及热液输入强度等具有差异,分析认为芦草沟组形成于相似的伸展裂谷构造背景,但不同盆地之间沉积特征具有差异、不具备统一的沉积中心,为一系列弥散性裂谷盆地群。 相似文献
11.
准噶尔盆地二叠纪盆地属性的再认识及其构造意义 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
准噶尔盆地及其邻区野外剖面、钻井剖面的系统对比和地震剖面的精细解释表明,二叠系沉积演化、断裂控制沉积、箕状断-超反射特征及大地构造背景均显示,二叠纪准噶尔盆地是形成于张性背景下的断陷-裂陷盆地。准噶尔盆地及邻区火山岩地化特征、年代学数据及区域构造研究成果也证明,二叠纪是张性的大地构造背景。早二叠世—中二叠世早期以发育冲积扇沉积为特征,各构造部位的沉积环境差异较大,强烈断陷并逐渐形成坳隆相间的沉积格局,为断陷盆地的裂陷期;中二叠统中晚期由早二叠世隆坳分割的局面逐渐转化为统一的大型内陆湖盆,吐哈盆地与准噶尔盆地水体相通,形成统一的沉积体系,为断陷盆地扩张期;晚二叠世时期以出现冲积-河流相红色粗碎屑沉积为特征,准噶尔盆地和吐哈盆地分割自成沉积体系,是断陷盆地的萎缩期。因此,中生代盆地演化是建立在二叠纪张性背景的基础之上,二叠纪断陷-裂陷盆地的提出对重新认识中生代盆地演化历程将具有重要启示意义,也将对今后的油气勘探具有重要指导意义,值得进一步研究。 相似文献
12.
Ryszard K. Borwka Andrzej Osadczuk Andrzej Witkowski Brygida Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska Tomasz Duda 《Quaternary International》2005,130(1):87
Analyses on 27 sediment cores taken from the bottom of the Szczecin Lagoon allowed environmental reconstruction of the postglacial main stages of basin development, based on detailed sedimentological, geochemical, diatomological and malacological studies of selected key cores. Studies revealed that during the Late Glacial and Holocene this area developed in several stages. In the Late Glacial the whole study area constituted a low alluvial plain. At the turn from Younger Dryas to Holocene the alluvial plain was cut through by the Odra river to a level of 10–11 m below sea level (b.s.l.). Along with the first phases of the Holocene marine transgression at the southern Baltic Sea's coasts the accumulation of the limnic-swampy deposits began in this lower part of the Odra valley. At ca. 6–6.5 ka BP the transgression proceeded and Littorina Sea waters flooded the area. At that time the Szczecin Lagoon constituted a marine embayment in which series of sands, partly rich in malacofauna, was deposited. The development of the Swina barrier resulted in the isolation of the embayment from the direct inflow of Baltic Sea waters. 相似文献
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The process of Cenozoic sea-land changes in the northern South China Sea(SCS)controlled the sedimentary filling pattern and played an important role in the petroleum geological characteristics of the northern marginal sedimentary basins.Under the control of the opening process of the SCS,the northern SCS Cenozoic transgression generally showed the characteristics of early in the east and late in the west,and early in the south and late in the north.The initial transgression occurred in the Eocene in the Taixinan Basin(TXNB)of the eastern SCS,while the transgression occurred until the Pliocene in the Yinggehai Basin(YGHB)of the western SCS.International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP)expeditions(Expeditions 367/368)revealed that the initial transgression of the SCS basin occurred at approximately 34 Ma,which was the initial opening time of the SCS.The period of drastic changes in the sedimentary environment caused by large-scale transgression corresponded to the opening time of the southwestern subbasin(approximately 23 Ma),which also represented the peak of the spreading of the SCS.The sea-land transition process controls the distribution of alternating continent-marine facies,marine facies source rocks and reservoirs in the basins.The marine facies source rocks of the basins in the northern SCS have a trend of gradually becoming younger from east to west,which is consistent with the regional process of gradual transgression from east to west.Regional sea-level changes were comprehensively influenced by SCS opening and global sea-level changes.These processes led to the early development in the east and south and late development in the west and north for the carbonate platform in the SCS.Carbonate platforms form another type of"selfgenerating and self-accumulating"oil-gas reservoir in the northern SCS.The sea-land transition controlled the depositional filling patterns of different basins and laid the foundation of marine deposits for oil and gas resources.The source-reservoircap assemblage in the northern SCS was controlled horizontally by provenance supply and sedimentary environmental changes caused by sea-land transition and vertically by the tectonic evolution of the SCS and regional sea-level changes. 相似文献
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Antonio Rizzini 《Sedimentary Geology》1974,11(1):17-37
The heavy-mineral composition, facies and age of Holocene clastic sediments of the coastal plain and Adriatic beaches of the Romagna-Marche regions are examined in order to evaluate the relative influence and distribution, during a complete sedimentary cycle regression—transgression, of the sediments supplied by local Apenninic rivers versus sediments supplied by a more distal source, the Po River, debouching at the northwestern corner of the Adriatic Sea.A fairly clear result is that during the Pleistocene regression, sediments supplied by the Po River were transported a long distance southeastward along the basin. The transgressive Holocene sea mostly reworked and redistributed the sediments of the invaded coastal plain. Mineral composition of these marine deposits remains therefore that of the Po sediments.During the standstill of the sea level that followed the transgression, a lateral supply from the rivers draining the eastern slope of the Northern Apennines had a greater influence and the mineralogic composition of the prograding coastal sands began to differentiate, reflecting the composition of sediments supplied by a more local source. 相似文献
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安徽合肥盆地东北部白垩纪层序地层学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用层序地层学理论和工作方法 ,对合肥盆地东北部白垩纪陆相地层各类沉积建造的沉积环境、沉积相和陆相沉积体系域进行了分析 ,根据红层盆地的沉积物充填序列、基本层序 ,将白垩纪断 (坳 )陷盆地充填沉积序列中划分为 4个层序 ,在层序地层学分析基础上 ,并根据岩石地层单元和沉积体系在时空上的展布特征 ,初步建立了红盆地层格架。 相似文献
17.
Hayati KOÇ 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(22):499
The study area is located in the Central Taurides (southern Turkey), which is bounded by the K?rkkavak fault to the west and Ecemi? fault to the east. The sequences are studied in detail based on measured sections composed of the rocks deposited during the Cenomanian–Maastrichtian and located within different tectonic units previously described in the Taurides. The study materials include 217 thin section data from seven Cenomanian–Maastrichtian sequences of outcropping in different parts of the Central Taurides. The sediments deposited during the Cenomanian–Maastrichtian period in the Central Taurides are subdivided into eight units based on their lithological, paleontological, and textural properties. The lower boundaries of the upper Santonian and Campanian are unconformable contacts. The Upper Cretaceous sequence starts with the middle Cenomanian and represents a continuation of the Lower Cretaceous tidal flat and shelf lagoon sequence. Upper Turonian–Coniacian sediments are not observed due to the eustatic sea level drop. The second main transgression period of the Upper Cretaceous platform took place in the Santonian. This unit is represented by limestones composed of wackestones/packstones containing benthic foraminifera and rudist fragments, which are deposited in tidal flats and subtidal environments. The late Campanian starts with a transgression, and the environment transformed transitions into slope facies from inner platform facies, as a result of the thrust of ophiolitic rocks. In the following period, slope front and basin plain environments were dominant due to the increasing slope. Slumped pelagic limestones were deposited on the slope. Planktonic foraminiferal pelagic limestones were unconformably deposited on plaque limestone in the slope front environment depending on the increase in slope gradient and local faulting. As a result of decreasing tectonic activity, the sediments were deposited onto a stable basin plain. They were initially fed from the nearby carbonate platform and then by siliciclastic turbidites derived from the thrusted ophiolitic rocks. In this study, the lithostratigraphic properties of the Cenomanian–Maastrichtian units outcropping in various parts of the Central Taurides are described. The sedimentary deposits described here suggest different basinal conditions in the region. 相似文献
18.
咸化湖盆混积岩成因机理研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
关于海相及淡水湖盆混积岩的研究已相对完善,而针对咸化湖盆混积岩理论的形成及实践应用却鲜有报道,本文旨在系统地阐述咸化湖盆混积岩的成因机理、沉积模式、分布规律,对比其与一般混积岩沉积特征的异同点,并探讨其与油气富集特征的相关性。本文采用矿物学、微观岩石学分析方法进行混积岩矿物组成、沉积特征、储集空间类型研究,采取地质统计分析方法明确混积岩分布规律,并运用物性分析方法对比不同类型混积岩的储集性能。结合柴达木盆地西北区新近系混积岩研究实例,本文创新性地提出了欠补偿咸化湖盆的混积岩成因类型：机械成因的相混合混积岩和生物成因的藻混合混积岩。相混合又可划分为两种亚类：互层型混合、组构型混合;藻混合亦可划分为两种亚类：藻粘结混合、滑塌再混合。建立了咸化湖盆混积岩的沉积模式：混积岩主要发育于三角洲、水下扇、滩坝等碎屑岩沉积体系与湖相碳酸盐岩沉积体系的过渡相带以及藻灰岩发育区。明确了混积岩的分布规律,可归纳为“盆缘互层型、盆内组构型、藻混合局限分布”。混积岩沉积特征对比分析结果表明,任何环境下混积岩形成的先决条件均为碳酸盐岩的生长和聚集,而不同于淡水湖盆及海相混积岩沉积厚度大,生物含量高等特点,咸化湖盆混积岩单层厚度极薄,并发育特殊的藻混积岩类。综合研究认为,藻混合混积岩与油气储层的相关性要大于相混合混积岩。以上成果可为咸化湖盆混积岩,乃至陆相湖泊混合沉积物的成因类型及油气地质意义研究提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
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《Sedimentary Geology》2006,183(1-2):1-13
Integrated sedimentological and micropaleontological (foraminifers and ostracods) analyses of two 55 m long borehole cores (S3 and S4) drilled in the subsurface of Lesina lagoon (Gargano promontory—Italy) has yielded a facies distribution characteristic of alluvial, coastal and shallow-marine sediments. Stratigraphic correlation between the two cores, based on strong similarity in facies distribution and AMS radiocarbon dates, indicates a Late Pleistocene to Holocene age of the sedimentary succession.Two main depositional sequences were deposited during the last 60-ky. These sequences display poor preservation of lowstand deposits and record two major transgressive pulses and subsequent sea-level highstands. The older sequence, unconformably overlying a pedogenized alluvial unit, consists of paralic and marine units (dated by AMS radiocarbon at about 45–50,000 years BP) that represent the landward migration of a barrier-lagoon system. These units are separated by a ravinement surface (RS1). Above these tansgressive deposits, highstand deposition is characterised by progradation of the coastal sediments.The younger sequence, overlying an unconformity of tectonic origin, is a 10 m-thick sedimentary body, consisting of fluvial channel sediments overlain by transgressive–regressive deposits of Holocene age. A ravinement surface (RS2), truncating the transgressive (lagoonal and back-barrier) deposits in core S4, indicates shoreface retreat and landward migration of the barrier/lagoon system. The overlying beach, lagoon and alluvial deposits are the result of mid-Holocene highstand sedimentation and coastal progradation. 相似文献
20.
梵净山群沉积地质特征与原型盆地分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
梵净山群出露于江南造山带西北端,为一套浅变质火山、碎屑岩系,其上亚群主要由深海、半深海浊积岩系组成,自下而上划分为铜厂组、洼溪组和独岩塘组。铜厂组主体由浊积扇相和盆地相组成,洼溪组则主要由浊积扇扇中、扇根亚相组成。进一步的沉积相序研究揭示,自回香坪组至铜厂组、洼溪组,沉积环境总体呈一先海进、后海退的沉积旋回,显示裂陷扩张过程。铜厂组和洼溪组浊流成因的小型斜层理位态研究揭示,前积层优选方位指向北、北东,证实沉积物来自其南,向北扩散。浊积砂岩骨架颗粒统计结果表明,石英含量占23%~34%,且主要为单晶石英,而长石含量占14%~23%,岩屑含量占39%~50%,岩屑以火山岩屑为主。骨架颗粒统计图解揭示其物源为岩浆弧。基于上述,并结合回香坪组火山岩大地构造属性研究,提出并确定梵净山群上部碎屑岩系的原型盆地形成于弧后裂陷,板块构造环境为初始边缘海。 相似文献