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三相耦合渗流侵蚀管涌机制研究及有限元模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
管涌的发生、发展过程是土骨架相在渗流作用下侵蚀为可动细颗粒相,并随水相在孔隙通道中运移流失的过程。在该过程中,渗流与侵蚀相互耦合,相互促进,水相、土相、可动细颗粒相互作用,因此,管涌过程是一个多场、多相耦合的高度非线性的动态过程。现有的管涌试验结果表明,只有当水力梯度大于起始水力梯度时,细颗粒相才会随水相从土体中运移流失,土体才会发生管涌侵蚀,且管涌稳定后土体的孔隙率（稳定孔隙率）和水力梯度之间存在对应关系,根据该结果,提出管涌稳定孔隙率的概念,修正传统的渗流侵蚀本构方程,建立多孔介质中三相耦合的修正的渗流侵蚀管涌控制方程。最后,针对特定应力状态下的土体建立稳定孔隙率和水力梯度之间的对应关系。基于Galerkin有限元法编制有限元程序,在轴对称情况下对该土体的管涌过程进行数值模拟。结果表明,修正后的管涌控制方程能更全面地描述管涌发生、发展直至稳定状态的特性。 相似文献
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A novel particle based Bluff Morphology Model (BMM) developed by the authors is extended in this paper to investigate the effect of two dimensional seepage on the stability and collapse of soil slopes and levees. To incorporate the seepage in the model, Darcy’s law is applied to the interactions among neighbouring soil particles and ghost particles are introduced along the enclosed soil boundary so that no fluid crosses the boundary. The contribution of partially saturated soils and matric suction, as well as the change in hydraulic conductivity due to seepage, are predicted well by the present model. The predicted time evolution of slope stability and seepage induced collapse are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results for homogeneous non-cohesive sand and multiple layered cohesive soils. Rapid drawdown over a sand soil is also investigated, and the location and time of the levee collapse occurrence are well captured. A toe erosion model is incorporated in the BMM model, and the location and quantity of erosion from lateral seepage flow is well predicted. The interplay of erosion, seepage and slope instability is examined. 相似文献
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Piping, as one of the critical patterns of internal erosion, has been reported as a major cause for failures of embankment dams and levees. The fundamental mechanism of piping was traditionally investigated through experimental trials and simplified theoretical methods in macroscale. Nevertheless, the initiation and progressive evolution of piping is a microscale phenomenon in its essence. The current understanding of the micro-mechanism of piping erosion is limited due to a lack of quantitative analysis and visualized evidence. And in fact, seepage flows can affect the soil fabrics and the development of contact forces between particles. But how these fabrics and contact forces evolve under a critical hydraulic gradient is still not fully understood. In this paper, the detailed process of piping erosion is investigated by using a coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD–DEM) approach. The treatment of soil–flow interactions in CFD–DEM is explained by exchanging the momentum between the two phases. During the simulation, the piping erosion process is initiated by incrementally ascending differential water head across the soil samples. The three main stages of piping erosion (initial movement, continuation of erosion and total heave) can be identified from monitoring the particle velocity and positions. In addition, the evolution of contact force, hydraulic force, coordination number and void fraction is inspected to provide insight into the micro-mechanism of piping erosion. Two cases are simulated, one with a uniform particle size and a relatively uniform porosity distribution and the other with specific particle size and porosity distributions. An interesting finding from this study is that piping does not always initiate from the free surface and the evolution of piping depends heavily on the particle size and porosity distribution. 相似文献
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基于渗流和管流耦合的管涌数值模拟 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
堤坝地基的渗透变形过程实际上是“土中水”转变为“水中土”的过程。在渗透变形发生的集中管涌通道区域,采用常规渗流分析理论,单纯增大管涌通道渗透系数的方法是不太合适的。在未发生渗透变形的区域,用常规渗流理论计算;在管涌通道区域,用管流理论,公共边界上两者之间水头相等、流量大小相等且方向相反,能够较好符合渗透变形的发展规律。为了适应计算过程中内部边界条件不断变化的特点,采用无网格法伽辽金法（element free Galerkin method,EFG）对渗流场进行计算。算例计算表明,这种渗流-管流耦合的方法能够模拟管涌通道绕过防渗墙等复杂的发展过程。 相似文献
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A coupled discrete element model for the simulation of soil and water flow through an orifice 
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下载免费PDF全文 Soil erosion around defective underground pipes can cause ground collapses and sinkholes in urban areas. Most of these soil erosion events are caused by fluidization of the surrounding soil with subsequent washing into defective sewer pipes. In this study, this soil erosion process is simplified as the gradual washout of sand particles mixed with water through an orifice. The discrete element method is used to simulate the large deformation behavior of the sand particles, and the Darcy fluid model is coupled with this approach to simulate fluid flow through porous sand media. A coupled 3D discrete element model is developed and implemented based on this scheme. To simulate previous experiments using this coupled model considering the current computing capacity, we incorporated a ‘supply layer’ to study the continuous erosion process. The coupled model can predict the erosion flow rates of sand and water and the shape of erosion void. Thus, the model can be used as an effective and efficient tool to investigate the soil erosion process around defective pipes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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采用三维有限元方法分析了基坑开挖工程在防渗体出现局部失效情况下，引起渗流在失效部位的集中及渗流场空间状况。提出了以一维通道嵌入三维块体的方法模拟管涌发展过程及渗流场变化特征。讨论了管涌通道渗透性对基坑管涌发展规律的影响。 相似文献
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The pipe network flow model can simulate the seepage process with DEM conveniently because of its simple algorithm. However, whether it can recover the correct seepage process has not been verified. In this paper, the equation to update the fluid pressure is rebuilt according to the flow conservation. Through the steady seepage simulation, this algorithm is verified to be able to recover Darcy’s law, and the equation to calibrate the aperture according to macro permeability is derived. Furthermore, the modified algorithm is used to simulate the unsteady seepage process, and the results show good agreement with the analytical solutions. 相似文献
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粉砂地基深基坑工程土体渗透破坏机理及其影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在砂土和粉土地区,渗透破坏是威胁基坑稳定性和周围环境的主要因素。基坑工程是由土、水以及围护结构组成的一个复杂系统,影响基坑工程渗透破坏的因素很多。在总结前人对土体渗透破坏与基坑工程渗透破坏模式的研究基础上,结合渗流对土体性质影响的试验成果,提出了考虑渗流、开挖卸荷以及围护结构变形共同作用的基坑工程渗透破坏分析方法,并分析了均质地基基坑工程的渗透破坏模式。将该方法运用于某粉砂地基基坑渗透破坏工程实例,通过有限元数值模拟,揭示了渗透破坏过程及其对围护结构的影响。通过对该基坑工程实例的分析认为,在进行基坑工程设计时不仅需要进行防止流砂、管涌等验算,还需考虑基坑工程整体破坏的可能性。 相似文献
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软土在低水力坡降下的渗流会偏离达西定律,即为非达西渗流模式。假设孔隙水渗透服从指数渗流模式,采用镜像法原理推导了浅埋单孔和双孔圆形隧道非达西渗流场的解析解。结合算例,对浅埋圆形隧道非达西渗流解析解与达西渗流解析解进行了对比分析与验证,并对非达西渗流指数、隧道周围土体与衬砌渗流系数比值对隧道渗流场的影响进行了讨论。结果表明：非达西渗流指数、渗流系数比值对隧道渗流量和周围土体孔压均有较大的影响;随着渗流指数逐渐增大,土体内水头损失加快,隧道周围土体孔压及渗流量逐渐减小;随着土体与衬砌渗流系数比值逐渐增大,衬砌排水能力增强,隧道渗流量逐渐增大,隧道周围土体孔压减小更大。 相似文献
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为了研究土体的细观渗流特性,假设土体是完全饱和且在渗流过程中水分的流动始终处于层流状态。考虑宏观统计参数（孔隙率、渗透率及有效黏滞系数等）的影响,基于表征体元（REV）尺度的格子博尔兹曼（Boltzmann）方法,建立了压力作用下土体细观渗流的数值模型。采用D2Q9模型考虑水分流动的离散速度分布,宏观边界条件为左右侧面为不透水边界 ,上下边界设置不同的密度来控制压力边界,在微观边界条件上采用非平衡态外推格式。编制相应的计算程序,将计算区域内的多孔介质材料设置成流体（孔隙率 1.0,渗透率 ）,验证了经典的Poiseuille流。此外,结合算例分别讨论了土体在压力作用下孔隙率、渗透率及渗透压力等影响因素与渗流速度的相互关系,研究表明该数值方法与Darcy定律得到的计算结果较为吻合。因此,基于REV尺度的格子Boltzmann方法可以有效地模拟土体的渗流机制,为进一步研究土体渗流特性提供了一种新的研究手段。 相似文献
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对由弱透水黏土层、细砂层和强透水砂砾层组成的三层堤基进行了管涌发展的砂槽模型试验,为了便于观察分析,细砂层由各种颜色的细彩砂依次排列在砂砾石层上表面,通过改变彩砂层的厚度分析研究了不同细砂层厚度对管涌发生、发展机制及过程的影响。试验结果表明,三层堤基细砂层厚度的不同使管涌发生的临界水力梯度、涌砂量和通道发展的速度不同,与双层堤基有很大区别。临界水力梯度是由多种元素决定的,包括破坏土体的性质及其整体性等;细砂层的存在使流量在渗透变形初期对涌砂不敏感;在试验中发生的相同水位下多次间歇性涌砂,其原因一方面是颗粒在运动过程中发生堵塞,另一方面是通道边界的土体失去支撑发生应力释放,抵抗力随着时间逐渐减小。 相似文献
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Mohammad Reza Maleki Javan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(3):229-250
It is well known that for a sufficiently high seepage velocity, the governing flow law of porous media is nonlinear (J. Computers & Fluids 2010; 39 : 2069–2077). However, this fact has not been considered in the studies of soil‐pore fluid interaction and in conventional soil mechanics. In the present paper, a fully explicit dynamic finite element method is developed for nonlinear Darcy law. The governing equations are expressed for saturated porous media based on the extension of the Biot (J. Appl. Phys. 1941; 12 : 155–164) formulation. The elastoplastic behavior of soil under earthquake loading is simulated using a generalized plasticity theory that is composed of a yield surface along with non‐associated flow rule. Numerical simulations of porous media subjected to horizontal and vertical components of ground motion excitations with different permeability coefficients are carried out; while computed maximum pore water pressure is specially taken into consideration to make the difference between Darcy and non‐Darcy flow regimes tangible. Finally, the effect of non‐Darcy flow on the evaluated liquefaction potential of sand in comparison to conventional Darcy law is examined. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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管涌与滤层的研究:管涌部分 总被引：19，自引：5，他引：14
对管涌和滤层两个相关联问题的研究发展过程进行了综述和评论,并将过去的研究成果与之比较。管涌问题是土体渗透变形的一个重要现象,关系到地基的渗流破坏。首先探讨了管涌的内在涵义,评述了当今管涌的研究现状及其发展方向,然后介绍了一些过去的试验资料、研究成果和计算公式,包括管涌土与非管涌土的判别方法,垂直向上渗流和水平渗流时的管涌临界坡降,并引用目前文献中的试验资料验证其公式是可靠的,最后说明了建立在土颗粒级配曲线上的管涌研究方法是当前的研究趋势,因而对这些过去的研究成果进行比较、讨论是有益的。 相似文献
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A key ingredient in simulation of flow in porous media is accurate determination of the velocities that drive the flow. Large‐scale irregularities of the geology (faults, fractures, and layers) suggest the use of irregular grids in simulation. This paper presents a control‐volume mixed finite element method that provides a simple, systematic, easily implemented procedure for obtaining accurate velocity approximations on irregular (i.e., distorted logically rectangular) block‐centered quadrilateral grids. The control‐volume formulation of Darcy’s law can be viewed as a discretization into element‐sized “tanks” with imposed pressures at the ends, giving a local discrete Darcy law analogous to the block‐by‐block conservation in the usual mixed discretization of the mass‐conservation equation. Numerical results in two dimensions show second‐order convergence in the velocity, even with discontinuous anisotropic permeability on an irregular grid. The method extends readily to three dimensions. 相似文献
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将数值计算区域用三角形单元进行离散,并为每个单元构建局部坐标系。局部坐标系的X轴为三角形单元某一条边的方向,局部坐标系的原点为该边的其中一个端点。在局部坐标系下,基于“格林公式”及达西定律推导了单元压力梯度及单元流速的解析表达式,给出了流经单元各棱及各节点的流量计算方法。形成了类似固体弹簧系统的渗流管道网络,建立了管道压差与流量的函数关系。将各单元局部坐标系下求得的流速及流量转换至整体坐标系,并在节点上进行凝聚。通过引入流体体积模量实现了节点渗透压力的显式求解,通过引入节点饱和度实现了非饱和问题的求解。基于局部坐标系的方法具有物理意义明确、求解过程简单等特点。通过在局部坐标系下构建管道压差与管道流量的对应关系,将有限元的渗透刚度矩阵简化为两个管道的渗透刚度值,从而节省了内存,提高了计算效率。4个数值算例的计算结果与理论解基本一致,表明了该方法在求解稳态、非稳态、饱和、非饱和渗流问题时的精度。 相似文献