共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
现代南极大陆冰缘地理地貌,形成于１８０００年以来全球气候变化,南极大陆冰盖的退缩,以及随后的大陆均衡抬升和海平面变化等过程。研究表明,在维斯德福尔特丘陵地,这一过程仍在继续,并导致该区许多海生盐湖自然环境和理化因子的改变,以及湖中生物的种群结构的变化和群落演替。本文通过对这些现象的剖析,阐明了南极大陆冰缘环境变迁的客观存在,为进一步研究南极乃至全球气候变化提供生态学佐证。 相似文献
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对东南极大陆沿海西福尔丘陵 ( Vestfold Hills,68°38′S,78°0 6′E)若干主要湖泊及其周边环境进行了现代生态学和古生态学研究。分析了不同类型湖泊的地理地貌环境和理化要素的动态特征、生态群落结构类型。利用湖岸古化石的生态组成与放射性同位素测定资料 ,推断了晚更新世以来随着全球海平面变化 ,该地区所经历的海侵、海退及其地理地貌改变过程 ,尤其重现了本区 1 80 0 0年以来因两次海侵而发生的湖泊生态演替过程。本文首次推出了该区海成湖泊 4种环境演化模式 ,认为这些湖泊环境演化模式不仅是区域环境生态历史演变的缩影 ,而且也是现今南极局部环境变化和全球气候变化的具体反映 相似文献
3.
１９９２年３－５月极星号ＡＮＴ／秋季航次，对南极威德尔海东北海域浮冰区形成期新冰生态进行考察研究。结果表明，海冰物理结构特征与海冰生成环境及其形成过程有很大关系。冰体结构以颗粒冰、柱状冰以及混合冰为主，以颗粒冰为主结构的海水较多地聚集浮游生物细胞，消耗部分冰中营养盐，柱状冰较少聚集生物细胞，其营养盐波动较小，同时，新形成期海冰中，叶绿素含量普遍低于一年冰，而营养盐含量则较高，基本处于初始状态，由此 相似文献
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为了解南极淡水生态系统的水化学特征，完成了拉斯曼丘陵地区１３个湖泊和菲尔德斯半岛１０个湖泊以及雪样的调查分析。西南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛和东南极拉斯曼丘陵的气候条件不同，前者属于极地海洋性气候、气温不很低、湿润、风小、夏季较长；后者属于极地大陆性气候、气温低，冬天严寒、干燥、风大，夏季较短。因此，两地区的湖泊地貌、成因、发育、水生生物种群结构以及水化学状态存在较明显的差异，虽然水化学类型均比较单一，但矿化度却相差甚大。本文还对两区饮水水源进行了评价。 相似文献
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１９９２年３－５月极星号ＡＮＴ／Ｘ３秋季航次，对南极威德尔海东北海域浮冰区形成期新冰生态结构进行考察研究。结果表明，海冰物理结构特征与海冰生成环境及其形成过程有很大关系。冰体结构以颗粒冰、柱状冰以及混合冰为主，以颗粒冰为主结构的海冰较多地聚集浮游生物细胞，消耗部分冰中营养盐，柱状冰较少聚集生物细胞，其营养盐波动较小。同时，新形成期海冰中，叶绿素含量普遍低于一年冰，而营养盐含量则较高，基本处于初始状态，由此表明，海冰中生命活动随海冰冰龄增加而不断增强。 相似文献
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硝酸根(NO_3~–)是南极雪冰中主要的化学离子之一,过去对雪冰NO_3~–记录与气候环境信息的关联开展了广泛研究。然而,不同于雪冰中其他化学离子,NO_3~–沉积进入雪层中会发生一系列复杂的沉积后过程,给定量解读雪冰NO_3~–的气候环境信息带来了严峻挑战。NO_3~–的稳定同位素构成则为定量解译大气氮的来源、氧化剂的相对丰度等提供了有力工具,受样品量(尤其是冰芯)和含量所限,目前对南极雪冰中NO_3~–稳定同位素研究仍非常薄弱。本文综述了目前南极雪冰中NO_3~–稳定同位素的空间分布特征和主要影响因素、NO_3~–的沉积后过程和相关机制及南极雪冰中NO_3~–稳定同位素记录,并指出了目前研究存在的主要问题,探讨了未来南极雪冰中NO_3~–稳定同位素可能的研究重点和方向。 相似文献
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对东南极拉斯曼丘陵莫愁湖ZH沉积柱进行了生态地质学的研究,通过AMS-14C定年构建年龄框架,采用550℃烧失量、粒度和元素地球化学指标等,恢复了中晚全新世该地区较高分辨率的湖泊生物量记录。结果显示,距今6600-6100年、5400-4800年、4650-3750年和3500年-2850年为莫愁湖生物量高值期,气候相对温暖适宜,湖泊生产力旺盛;距今6100-5400年、4800-4650年和3750-3500年为湖泊生物量低值期,气候相对寒冷,湖泊生产力相对较弱。而且在整体较暖的气候环境下,出现了其它无冰区沉积物中鲜有记录的距今4800-4650年、4400年前后和3750-3500年的气候快速变冷事件。根据莫愁湖湖泊生物量恢复的东南极拉斯曼地区高分辨的气候变化特征,与太阳活动强度和东南极大陆冰芯记录相吻合,为东南极中晚全新世多样的气候格局研究提供了新的依据。 相似文献
8.
1988年12月～1990年2月,在东南极拉斯曼丘陵南极中山站附近,对南极麦氏贼鸥的生态和生物学进行了观察。本文报道了麦氏贼鸥在该地区的栖息环境,活动规律,食性及繁殖生态等。 相似文献
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10.
南极冰鱼科鱼类多为南大洋优势鱼种,在南极海洋生态系统的物质循环与能量流动中起着重要的作用,其中一些也是该海域主要的商业捕捞对象。目前,对于其中具有较高商业价值的鱼种,尤其是裘氏鳄头冰鱼(Champsocephalus gunnari)、威氏棘冰鱼(Chaenodraco wilsoni)以及南乔治亚拟冰鱼(Pseudochaenichthys georgianus)等已有较多的研究,这些研究集中在年龄与生长、分布等方面,关于南极冰鱼科鱼类营养动力学的研究较为零散,且多集中在少数几种南极冰鱼种类上,这限制了从整体上理解南极冰鱼科鱼类在南大洋生态系统功能中发挥的作用。为此,本文总结了国内外对南极冰鱼食物组成、摄食机制、摄食差异性的研究工作,并对今后开展南极冰鱼摄食生态学研究工作提出了展望。相关结果可为国内外学者开展相关研究提供基础信息,并进一步为开展该科鱼类摄食生态学研究提供科学思路。 相似文献
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Coastal region on the Antarctic continent, where it is under the influences both of ocean and ice sheet, as well as frequent human activities, could be considered as a fragile zone in Antarctic ecological environment. There are many lakes in coastal region, showing much differences from each other in physical-chemical features because of individual evolutionary history in their geographical environments, and suffering from different outside factors, such as climate changes and precipitation. Thus, it results in respective biological distribution and ecological structure in lakes. The present paper reports the results from the studies of chemical components, species distributions and community structures, which mainly consisted of planktons in lakes in the Vestfold Hills (68°38′S, 78°06′E), and the Larsemann Hills (69°30′S, 76°20′E), East Antarctica. It also treats the biological diversities and nutrient relationships of these different types of lakes. So as to provide more scientific basis for monitoring of climate changes and environmental protection in Antarctica. 相似文献
12.
Sea level change and environmental evolution of coastal lakes in Vestfold Hills, Antarctica 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ecological and palaeoecological studies were carried out in a series of lakes in the Vestfold Hills (68°38′S, 78°06′E) on eastern Antarctic continent. Dynamics types of the lakes in environmental geomorphology and physic chemistry, as well as features of biological community structures in different lakes were analyzed. Marine macro and micro fossils collected from the terraces and beaches surrounding these lakes and determined in 14 C radiocarbon ages to be the Late Pleistocene, were used as evidences to show the evolutionary processes of the lakes after sea level changes and transgressions since 18000 a B.P.. Basic modals of evolution for the lakes given in the paper could be regarded as not only explaining the history of environmental and ecological changes in VH lakes, and also reflecting of local environmental evolution in Antarctic region and global climate changes from past to present time. 相似文献
13.
Ecology features of coastal saline lakes related to environmental evolution in the area of Antarctic continental ice edge 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 １ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃｃｏａｓｔｌｉｎｅｉｓａｆｅｃｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｒｅｔｒｅａｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｃｅｓｈｅｔｗｈｉｃｈｂｅｇａｎａｒｏｕｎｄ１８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．．Ｉｃｅｆｒｅａｒｅａｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｔｈｅＢｕｎｇｅｒＨｉｌｓ... 相似文献
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Modelling diatom responses to climate induced fluctuations in the moisture balance in continental Antarctic lakes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Elie Verleyen Dominic A. Hodgson Wim Vyverman Donna Roberts Andrew McMinn Koenraad Vanhoutte Koen Sabbe 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,30(2):195-215
The water chemistry of lake systems on the edge of the Antarctic continent responds quickly to changes in the moisture balance. This is expressed as increasing salinity and decreasing lake water level during dry periods, and the opposite during wet periods. The diatom composition of the lakes also changes with these fluctuations in salinity and lake water depth. This is important, as their siliceous remains become incorporated into lake sediments and can provide long-term records of past salinity using transfer functions. In order to develop transfer functions, diatoms and water chemistry data were inter-calibrated from five different East Antarctic oases, namely the Larsemann Hills, the Bølingen Islands, the Vestfold Hills, the Rauer Islands and the Windmill Islands. Results indicate that salinity is the most important environmental variable explaining the variance in the diatom flora in East Antarctic lakes. In oligo- saline lakes the variance is mainly explained by lake water depth. This dataset was used to construct a weighted averaging transfer function for salinity in order to infer historical changes in the moisture balance. This model has a jack-knifed r2 of 0.83 and a RMSEP of 0.31. The disadvantage of this transfer function is that salinity changes in oligo-saline lakes are reconstructed inaccurately due to the edge effect and due to the low species turnover along the salinity gradient at its lower end. In order to infer changes in the moisture balance in these lakes, a second transfer function using weighted averaging partial least squares (with two components) for depth was constructed. This model has a jack-knifed r2 of 0.76 and a RMSEP of 0.22. Both transfer functions can be used to infer climate driven changes in the moisture balance in lake sediment cores from oligo-, hypo-, meso- and hyper-saline lakes in East Antarctic oases between 102–75°E. The transfer function for lake water depth is promising to track trends in the moisture balance of small freshwater lakes, where changes in shallow and deep-water sediments are readily reflected in changing diatom composition. 相似文献
15.
The relationship between surface sediment diatom assemblages and measured limnological variables in thirty-three coastal Antarctic lakes from the Vestfold Hills was examined by constructing a diatom-water chemistry dataset. Previous analysis of this dataset by canonical correspondence analysis revealed that salinity accounted for a significant amount of the variation in the distribution of the diatom assemblages. Weighted-averaging regression and calibration of this diatom-salinity relationship was used to establish a transfer function for the reconstruction of past lakewater salinity from fossil diatom assemblages. Weighted-averaging regression and calibration with classical deshrinking provided the best model for salinity reconstructions and this was applied to the fossil diatom assemblages from one of the saline lakes in the Vestfold Hills in order to assess its potential for palaeosalinity and palaeoclimate reconstruction. 相似文献
16.
Louise Cromer John A. E. Gibson Sandra J. McInnes Janelle T. Agius 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(1):143-150
Remains of tardigrades have rarely been reported to preserve in sediments, resulting in the absence of important ecological
and biogeographic information that they could provide. However, a study of faunal microfossils in Antarctic lake sediment
cores has shown that tardigrade eggs and occasionally exuvia can be abundant. Eggs from at least five tardigrade species were
identified in sediment cores from six lakes from across the continent, with abundances up to 6,000 (g−1 dry wt.). It is likely that the cold temperatures and absence of benthic grazers in Antarctic lakes results in particularly
good preservation conditions, though it may also be a function of population density. The conservation of tardigrade eggs
and exuvia in lake sediments enables a better understanding of paleodistributions and effects of environmental changes for
this phylum that cannot otherwise be obtained. 相似文献
17.
到目前为止 ,陨石学者已考察了约 2 5 0 0km2 的南极蓝色冰区 ,并在南极冰盖不同的地区回收到约 30 0 0 0个陨石样品。在过去 2 0年 ,主要根据36Cl或1 4 C的浓度测定了几百个南极陨石的居地年龄。每个搁浅区的陨石显示不同的居地年龄分布 ,并提供陨石局部堆积机制的信息 ,在蓝色冰表面南极陨石的密度取决于许多因素 ,如陨石的降落率、冰的消融率、雪的堆积率等。大多数南极陨石的居地年龄范围从小于 1 0ka到 1 0 0 0ka ,Yamato山地冰区陨石的居地年龄可高达 2 0 0ka,而LewisCliff及AllanHills陨石的居地年龄分别高达 5 0 0ka和 1 0 0 0ka,新近发现两个陨石的居地年龄分别为 2Ma及 2 .35Ma,表明它们深埋于靠近冰川底部 ,且冰流率比表面低得多 ,同时也表明陨石堆积进入目前的搁浅区至少始于 2Ma以前 ,这与东南极冰盖为稳定和持续性假设是一致的。陨石的居地年龄是确定陨石历史的一个重要参数 ,同时也可用以估计陨石的搬运时间及平均风化寿命。 相似文献