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1.
中巴经济走廊的规划和建设离不开对走廊沿线土地资源、生态环境空间格局及变化过程的科学认识。未来土地利用变化模拟研究,可为区域土地资源管理、生态环境可持续性和潜在风险评估等研究提供可靠的预测数据。本文通过耦合系统动力学模型（SD）和未来用地模拟模型（FLUS）,并结合中巴经济走廊建设和区域的生态环境政策等设置多种情景对中巴经济走廊进行土地利用模拟,充分发挥2个模型在宏观土地需求模拟以及微观土地分配上的优势。首先根据2009—2015年的历史数据构建并验证了区域土地利用SD-FLUS模型,然后模拟了2016—2030年中巴经济走廊区域惯性发展、投资优先以及和谐发展3种不同情景下的土地利用变化。结果表明：① 历年的总量模拟相对误差均小于9.00%,2015年喀什和巴基斯坦模拟的总体精度均达到90.00%以上、Kappa系数达到0.90以上,说明SD和FLUS耦合模型能有效模拟中巴经济走廊土地利用变化格局,适用于其土地利用变化的情景模拟;② 到2030年,不同情景之间的土地利用存在明显的差异。在3种情景下建设用地均扩张,和谐发展情景扩张速度居中,该情景下喀什建设用地增加了235.17 km2,巴基斯坦增加了4942.80 km2,而扩张最快的投资优先情景下,喀什建设用地增加了265.23 km2（惯性发展情景仅增加163.71 km2）,巴基斯坦建设用地增加了5918.91 km2（惯性发展情景仅增加2861.84 km2）;巴基斯坦和谐情景下的耕地增量（4768.60 km2）不到增长最多的惯性发展情景的一半,喀什耕地在和谐发展情景增加了604.44 km2,不到投资优先情景的3/4;3种情景中只有和谐发展情景下的林地得到了有效的恢复。总体而言,和谐发展情景兼顾了社会经济发展和生态环境保护,是3种情景中最理想的情景。模型模拟结果可为中巴经济走廊的可持续性研究和生态环境评估等提供一定的数据和方法支撑。 相似文献
2.
中国土地利用变化遥感研究的回顾与展望——基于陈述彭学术思想的引领 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
20世纪80年代以来中国社会经济快速发展带来的工业化、城市化正深刻影响着中国土地利用空间格局并影响到区域和国家生态与环境状况。在陈述彭先生指导下,1992年以来中国科学院建立起了完整的土地利用/覆盖变化遥感监测与数据分析技术路线,以及独特的分类体系和动态区划体系,奠定了中国LUCC信息平台的基础。本文在系统回顾陈述彭学术思想指导中国LUCC研究的基础上,面向国家需求与国际科技前沿梳理了我国LUCC研究的核心科学问题,并总结了中国科学院团队在最近20年LUCC研究取得的成果,包括土地利用/覆盖动态时空表征与分析模型、土地利用/覆盖变化过程及驱动机制、基于大数据和云计算的土地利用/覆盖变化探测方法、城市土地利用变化的区域气候/生态效应、气候变化与土地利用变化对农田生态系统的影响、林业活动的区域气候/生态效应,在此基础上对未来LUCC研究的前景进行了展望。 相似文献
3.
在国家大力推进新型城镇化和落实城市群空间规划的背景下,评价城市群土地生态安全水平,并以此为限制条件预测城市群未来土地利用格局,对城市群可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以环鄱阳湖城市群为研究对象,对城市群土地生态安全格局和变化进行分析,根据土地生态安全评价结果设置自然发展情景和生态保护情景,结合多分类Logistic回归和多标准评价方法(MCE),构建CA-Markov模型,预测2种情景下2030年土地利用格局并进行对比分析。研究结果表明:①2005、2010和2015年,环鄱阳湖城市群网格平均生态安全值分别为0.574、0.573和0.571,空间布局上呈现"中部低、东西高"的特征;②预测2030年,自然发展情景下新增城镇用地主要位于九江市、上饶市和南昌市,生态保护情景下限制城镇用地和其他建设用地向土地生态安全高值区扩展,使得城镇用地和其他建设用地扩展更加集中;③预测生态保护情景下,高生态安全区面积比自然发展情景下多39.39%且分布更加均匀,包括鄱阳湖周边区域、九江市中部以及新余市和吉安市,城市群生态安全得到有效保护。该研究可为环鄱阳湖城市群土地利用规划及生态保护提供参考。 相似文献
4.
YANGZisheng LIANGLuohui LIUYansui HEYimei 《山地科学学报》2004,1(3):250-263
Land use/land cover change (LUCC) is a focus of the research of global environmental changes.The middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River,which are the most ecologically fragile mountainous area in China as well as one of the areas in China with most notable LUCC, have been on the Chinese Government‘s list of priority areas for ecological restoration. This paper is to reveal the trend of LUCC and the ecological degradation arising from it, and to provide a basis for the future sustainable use of land resources in the region based on a detailed analysis of Yiliang County. Based on the county‘s land use/cover maps in 1960, 1980 and 2000 drawn with the aid of aerial photograph interpretation, field investigation and GIS based spatial-temporal data analysis, LUCC during 1960-2000 period and the ecological degradation arising from it were analyzed. Using the Markv model, the paper brings out a forecast of what the county‘s LUCC would be like if the county‘s current land use continues, as well as the reasons and countermeasures for restoring degraded ecosystems. 相似文献
5.
采用深圳市2010年、2015年和2016年的土地利用现状数据,运用FLUS模型对自然发展情景、生态安全情景和生态优化情景3种情景下2030年深圳市土地利用结构和空间布局的变化进行模拟。研究结果表明:以2010年为基期模拟2015年土地利用布局的kappa指数为0.862,模拟结果较为理想。3种情景下深圳市2030年土地利用布局既有共性也存在差异。生态优化情景在禁止建设区把部分生产性用地转变为具有重要生态功能的林地,在限制建设区严格控制新增建设用地,在集中连片的控制区内限制生产活动,比自然发展情景和生态安全情景更能达到城市建设和生态保护的双重目标。 相似文献
6.
大都市区增长是当前中国城镇化发展的一种主要模式,如何确定其最佳空间增长形态是新型城镇化关注的重要内容之一。本研究立足于未来“生态城市”建设理念,从自然资源生态敏感性和城市发展适宜性角度构建双重约束条件,利用元胞自动机模型构建了生态空间胁迫下的城市增长过程模拟框架,探讨了边缘性增长、生态性增长与协调性增长3种发展模式,并从建设适宜性、生态安全性与斑块紧凑性等角度构建评价指标对模拟方案进行定量化对比。最后,以长江中游城市群的南昌大都市区进行实例应用,结果表明,协调性空间增长模式能最大程度降低城市建设对生态安全空间的侵蚀,大都市区在制定城市增长边界等空间政策时宜参考此种发展模式,基于生态空间胁迫分析的城市增长过程建模是一种有用的规划决策情景分析工具。 相似文献
7.
This paper firstly investigated the land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) in the Hun-Taizi River watershed, Northeast China from 1988 to 2004 based on remotely sensed images and geographic information systems (GIS) technology. Then, using the famous land-use change model of Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent (CLUE-S), this paper simulated the land use changes under historical trend (HT), urban planning (UP) and ecological protection (EP) scenarios considering urban planning and ... 相似文献
8.
台湾土地利用变迁及其永续发展之研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
台湾的土地利用与地表覆盖变迁 (L and Use/ Cover Changes,L U CC)一直为地理学与相关学科研究者所关心。其中 ,大部分的研究侧重于土地利用与地表覆盖变迁的环境分析 ,另一些则专注于特殊土地利用与地表覆盖型态的空间分布的调查与研究。十年前 ,台湾的学者与政府机构开始参与国际性 L U CC研究。目前已参与的研究活动例如:the Southeast Asian Regional Comm ittee(SARCS) for Global Change System for Analysis,Research andTraining(START) ,LUCC-IGBP(the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme) ,LUCC-IHDP(the Hum anDim ensions of Global Environmental Change Programme) ,IGU -LUCC(International Geographical U nion)以及其它国际性 LUCC相关研究议题。建立不同时期土地利用与地表覆盖的时序数值数据库 (tem poral database),是从事LUCC研究重要的一项工作 ,本文重点论及台湾的土地利用与地表覆盖的数值数据库 ,及其以往 40年来土地利用的变迁。 相似文献
9.
城市的快速扩张不断改变着土地资源的转化,带来了诸多生态环境问题。分析和模拟城市扩张的机制,并对城市未来土地利用变化的风险进行预警,利于合理调控城市的发展。本文提出了一种基于地理分区和未来用地模拟(Future Land Use Simulation,FLUS)模型的城市扩张模拟模型,用于模拟和预测复杂的土地利用变化。该模型利用多指标数据进行空间聚类,耦合地理分区结果进行城市扩张模拟。珠江三角洲2005-2015年的城市扩张模拟结果显示,分区下的模拟精度(FoM=0.2329,提高了9%)明显高于未分区,说明不同分区在土地利用转化上存在空间差异,该模型能更有效地模拟城市土地利用变化。另外,本文构建了一种城市扩张预警指标评价体系,用于评估城市扩张的警情。根据在2005-2015基础上预测的2025-2045年土地利用变化结果,对珠江三角洲城市扩张进行多尺度预警分析。综合预警结果显示该区域大部分城市至2045年城市扩张警情将达到中警和重警,其中东莞警情一直维持在重警。由此,未来需要加强对珠三角城市扩张的宏观调控,以此来缓解未来城市扩张的警情。 相似文献
10.
Spatial-temporal pattern and population driving force of land use change in Liupan Mountains region, southern Ningxia, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Bin Quan M. J. M. Römkens Jianjun Tao Bicheng Li Chaokui Li Guanghui Yu Qichun Chen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(4):323-330
The Liupan Mountains is located in the southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China, which forms an important dividing line between landforms and bio-geographic regions. The populated part of the Liupan Mountains region has suffered tremendous ecological damages over time due to population pressure, excessive demand and inappropriate use of agricultural land resources. In this paper, datasets of land use between 1990 and 2000 were obtained from Landsat TM imagery, and then spatial models were used to characterize landscape conditions. Also, the relationship between the population density and land use/cover change （LUCC） was analyzed. Results indicate that cropland, forestland, and urban areas have increased by 44,186ha, 9001ha and 1550ha, respectively while the grassland area has appreciably decreased by 54,025ha in the study period. The decrease in grassland was most notable. Of the grassland lost, 49.4% was converted into cropland. The largest annual land conversion rate in the study area was less than 2%. These changes are attributed to industrial and agricultural development and population growth. To improve the eco-economic conditions in the study region, population control, urbanization and development of an ecological friendly agriculture were suggested. 相似文献
11.
Urban expansion and its influencing factors in Natural Wetland Distribution Area in Fuzhou City, China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
This paper principally focuses on land use dynamics,urban expansion and underlying driving forces in the Natural Wetland Distribution Area(NWDA)of Fuzhou City in the southeastern China.Based on time series Landsat TM/ETM+imageries and historical data,relationships between urban land expansion and its influencing factors from 1989 to 2009 were analyzed by using an integrated approach of remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)techniques.The results showed that built-up land increased from 151.16 km2in 1989 to 383.76 km 2in 2009. Approximately 64.25%of the newly emerging built-up land was converted from cropland(29.47%),forest and shrub (25.78%),water(3.73%),wetland(4.61%),and bare land(0.66%)during 1989 and 2009.With a remarkable decrease in cropland,the proportion of non-agricultural population increased by 23.6%.Moreover,rapid development of infrastructures,facilities,industrial parks,and urban and rural settlements along the Minjiang River resulted in the eastward and southward expansion of built-up land.Additionally,the growth pattern of built-up land in the NWDA is highly correlated with socio-economic factors,including the gross domestic product(GDP),GDP per capita,and structure of industry.As a result,the observed environmental degradation such as loss of cropland and wetland due to heavy pressure of rapid urbanization have greatly impaired the carrying capacity of city.Thus,in addition to scientific and rational policies towards minimizing the adverse effects of urbanization,coordination between the administrative agencies should be urgently strengthened to balance the conflicts between urban development and ecological conservation to make sure the sustainable land use. 相似文献
12.
青藏高原城乡建设用地和生态用地转移时空格局 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原作为中国重要的生态环境保护地,城镇化和生态环境的变化受到广泛关注。本文基于1990-2015年土地利用数据,进行生态用地和城乡建设用地之间的转移分析,通过核密度以及标准差椭圆分析进行空间转移强度的定性研究。结果表明：① 1990-2015年青藏高原生态用地显著地向城乡建设用地转移,是城乡建设用地向生态用地转移量的54.6倍,其中2000-2005年和2010-2015年是用地转移的热点时期;② 城乡建设用地与生态用地之间的转换在空间上呈现逆向状态,生态用地向城乡建设用地的转移分布逐渐从青藏高原的周边区域向腹地蔓延;城乡建设用地向生态用地的转移最初出现在青藏高原的腹地,逐渐向外围扩张;③ 生态服务功能越大的生态用地,越容易被人类占用,随之发生用地类型的转移,侵占后的土地很难反向转移为具有高生态服务功能的生态用地。 相似文献
13.
LILei ZHANGPing-yu HOUWei 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(2):131-136
1IN TR O D U CTIO N Land isthemost essentiaplhysicalresource asnd mate- rialbasisforpeople'slif e(LIU,1996).Land use/cover change(LUCC ) isa key aspectofglobalenvironment change, andindicatetsheinfluencoefhuman activiti on physicaelnvironment.As we allkno… 相似文献
14.
城镇-农业-生态空间划定(简称"三区"划定)是国土空间规划的核心内容,对于科学合理地规划、利用有限的国土资源具有重要的意义。已有研究主要根据区域内土地利用与社会经济发展现状构建指标体系进行"三区"划定,较少将未来土地利用变化纳入"三区"划定过程中,使得划定结果在指导实践过程中缺乏前瞻性。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于土地利用情景模拟,结合指标体系评价与决策树特征挖掘的"三区"划定方法,并以武汉市2015年土地利用现状为基础,在土地利用变化情景模拟的基础上进行"三区"划定。通过对比,验证了本文提出方法的合理性。研究发现:①不同情景下的"三区"空间在规模、空间分布上具有明显差异,将未来土地利用变化纳入"三区"划定过程中确有必要;②不同土地利用情景下"三区"空间的差异主要出现在三类空间的交界区域,这些区域是国土空间规划应该关注的重点区域。 相似文献
15.
宁波市城市土地利用绩效评价及障碍因子分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宁波市从2005年起围绕城市发展制定并开展了一系列"城中村改造"项目,积极完善城市土地利用模式,推动城市化进程。为探究这一时段宁波市城市土地利用绩效的变化,采用TOPSIS评价方法对城市土地利用绩效进行综合评价计算,并利用障碍度模型对宁波市城市土地利用绩效进行深入分析,指出日后城市土地利用重点。结果表明:①宁波市城市土地利用绩效指数逐步从0.059增长到1.000,绩效水平从"低级"达到"优质";②准则层指标障碍度不断变化,其中变化最大的为生态可持续,在2015年时降为0;③指标层障碍因子诊断结果说明地均从业人数等指标在持续、深层次地影响城市土地利用。 相似文献
16.
纳入空间自相关的FLUS模型在土地利用变化多情景模拟中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
FLUS模型是一种新型的土地利用变化模拟模型,应用前景广阔。本文通过在FLUS模型的人工神经网络(Artificial Neural Network,ANN)训练模块中引入空间自相关因子来改进模型,以珠江三角洲地区为例,基于2009年、2015年土地利用数据和一系列驱动因子对改进的模型进行了验证,并利用该改进的FLUS模型模拟了2035年研究区在3种情景下土地利用变化格局。结果表明:①引入空间自相关因子后各地类发生概率分布的预测精度更高,耕地、林地、建设用地、水体和未利用土地的拟合优度ROC值分别从0.819、0.928、0.885、0.855和0.861提高到0.857、0.934、0.890、0.863和0.978;②改进的FLUS模型的模拟精度有一定的提高,Kappa系数从0.732提高到0.744,FOM系数从0.077升到0.106;③情景模拟表明,3种情景下珠江三角洲建设用地和林地均将增加、而耕地均呈减少趋势。但不同情景下模拟的土地利用格局也存在显著差异:基准情景下,建设用地明显扩张且大幅侵占耕地。耕地保护情景下,耕地面积保持在合理水平,建设用地蔓延扩张趋势得到遏制,土地利用布局总体趋向合理。生态保护情景下,耕地、林地和水体得到较好保护,建设用地布局更为合理,土地利用可持续性明显提高。 相似文献
17.
Review of studies on land use and land cover change in Nepal 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Basanta PAUDEL ZHANG Yi-li LI Shi-cheng LIU Lin-shan WU Xue Narendra Raj KHANAL 《山地科学学报》2016,13(4):643-660
Land use and land cover(LULC) in Nepal has undergone constant change over the past few decades due to major changes caused by anthropogenic and natural factors and their impacts on the national and regional environment and climate.This comprehensive review of past and present studies of land use and land cover change(LUCC) in Nepal concentrates on cropland, grassland, forest, snow/glacier cover and urban areas. While most small area studies have gathered data from different sources and research over a short period, across large areas most historical studies have been based on aerial photographs such as the Land Resource Mapping Project in 1986. The recent trend in studies in Nepal is to focus on new concepts and techniques to analyze LULC status on the basis of satellite imagery, with the help of geographic information system and remote sensing tools. Studies based on historical documents, and historical and recent spatial data on LULC, have clearly shown an increase in cropland areas in Nepal,and present results indicating different rates and magnitudes. A decrease in forest and snow/glacier coverage is reported in most studies. Little information is available on grassland and urban areas from past research. The unprecedented rate of urbanization in Nepal has led to significant urban land changes over the past 30 years. Meanwhile, long term historical LUCC research in Nepal is required for extensive work on spatially explicit reconstructions on the basis of historical and primary data collection, including LULC archives and drivers for future change. 相似文献
18.
为探究中国北方中温带,特别是东北寒区快速城市化地区城乡不透水增长格局及地表温度的响应特征,本文以哈尔滨市为例,基于国家资源环境遥感时空信息平台土地利用/覆盖变化（LUCC）数据集解译的2001年与2015年城乡建设用地和Landsat 7/8数字遥感影像,结合植被-不透水面-土壤（V-I-S）端元选取和完全约束最小二乘混合像元线性分解模型进行了不透水面提取（分辨率15 m×15 m）,并运用单窗算法进行了夏季地表温度遥感反演。结果表明：2001-2015年建设用地扩张259.05 km2,不透水面上升163.96 km2,城市与乡村不透水面占各自建设用地的比例由2001年的43.92%、21.35%变化为2015年的49.14%、34.27%,城乡比例差由22.57%缩减至14.87%,单位建设用地内乡村不透水面增量较高;2001-2015年城区以低温区、中温区、高温区为主,对不透水面扩张的响应剧烈,而乡村以低温区和中温区为主,低温区和高温区响应剧烈;地表温度与不透水面具有显著正相关,在低、中、高不透水密度区分别升温1.16o、1.45和1.79 ℃,相同不透水面盖度下城市升温高于乡村。总体而言,研究区不透水面大幅扩张,温度分区变化剧烈,地表温度随不透水面增加升温效果明显。 相似文献
19.
GAOZhi－qiang DENGXiang－zheng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2002,12(2):107-113
In view of the large quantities of areas,complex landform and dynamic change of resources and environ-ment in China,China has already funded abundantly a series of macro remote sensing investigation projects in land use cover change(LUCC) since 1990.Supported by the achievements of such projects,Chinese resources,environmental and remote sensing database(CRERS) was created.In this paper,we standardized the LUCC dataset of CRERS at scale of 1km,which facilitated the study of spatial features of LUCC in China.The analysis on the spatial features of LUCC and their causes of formation in China are based on the CRERS supported by the technologies of Geographic Information System(GIS) .The whole research was based on the grade index of land use,ecological environmental index and index of population density.Based on the correlation analysis,we found that the special features of LUCC were closely related with those of ecological environment and population density,which resulted form that areas with better ecological environ-ment and high production potential of land were easy and convenient for human being to live,which,furthermore,led to the aggravation of excessive exploitation of land resources there. 相似文献
20.
《中国地理科学(英文版)》2020,(5)
Following the trends of Chinese rural transformation development, and the sustainable development goals for resources and environment, reasonable arranging the potential development space and the ecological space, so as to optimize the distributions of rural settlement would be the key challenge for rural areas in ecologically fragile regions. From the perspective of maintaining regional ecological security, this paper takes Da'an City, a typical ecological fragile region in Jilin Province, as the case area, constructing the comprehensive ecological security pattern(ESP) on basis of landscape ecology, and applying the landscape pattern indexes to quantitative analysis the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements. Then, different optimization directions and management strategies are put forward for rural settlements in each secure zone under the comprehensive ESP. The experimental results showed that 1) the area of the low security zone, the general security zone, the moderate security zone and the extreme security zone was 1570.18 km~2, 1463.36 km~2, 1215.80 km~2 and 629.77 km~2, representing 32.18%, 29.99%, 24.92% and 12.91% of the total area of the target area, respectively. 2) The rural settlements in Da'an City were characterized by a high degree of fragmentation with a large number of small-scale patches. 3) The area of rural settlements in the ecological relocation zone, the in situ remediation zone, the limited development zone and the key development zone was 22.80 km~2, 42.31 km~2, 36.28 km~2 and 19.40 km~2, accounting for 18.88%, 35.03%, 30.04% and 16.06% of the total area of rural settlements, respectively. Then, different measures were proposed for settlements in different optimization zones in order to scientifically plan important ecological space, production space and living space in rural areas. This paper aims to provide fundamental support for rural settlements based on redistribution from the perspective of landscape ecology and provide insights for rural planning and rural habitat environmental improvement. 相似文献