共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
岩石脆性临界破坏的波速特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据岩石加载破坏过程中应力-应变和波速-应变曲线所反映的的波速变化特征,研究了岩石声波传播速度与其加载变形过程的相关性。研究表明:岩石破裂前波速及特征参数随着变形破坏阶段变化会有显著改变,特别是应力水平到达70%80%之后,当加载破坏过程中岩石的裂隙大量增加后波速参数出现突变。这是由于在膨胀点附近岩石中微裂隙迅速丛集式增长,改变了岩石内部的微观结构,导致岩石波速降低。伴随着波速降低,波速走时急剧增大,离散度增大;S波和P波的振幅减小,但其振幅比急剧增大;S波、P的波Q值也会出现突变。通过对岩石加载过程中的波速变化与应力-应变曲线之间的关联性分析,利用波速信息变化可以实现对岩石脆性破裂前兆的识别。 相似文献
2.
中国大陆科学钻探主孔100～2000m岩石弹性波速度：对地震深反射的约束 总被引：15，自引：11，他引：15
在常温常压条件对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔岩心的700样品进行了弹性波速度测量，并建立了主孔2000m的波速(Vp和Vs)连续剖面，为检验地球物理模型的合理解释提供了岩石物理学方面的宝贵资料。主孔中新鲜榴辉岩纵波速度(Vp)最大(7.86km／s)，正副片麻岩波速最小，又分别为5.53km／s和5．71km／s，榴辉岩的波速随着退变质作用的增强而明显减小。主孔2000m总平均Vp速度为6．2km／s，它与地球物理探测方法获得的大别-苏鲁造山带上地壳具有6.2-6．3km／s高速层结论是一致的。大部分岩石具有明显地震波各向异性。水饱和度使岩石纵波(Vp)速度和剪切波速度(Vs)分别增加19％和6％，而使Vp的各向异性降低3％～4％。不同岩性界面的反射系数(Rc)是产生地震反射的主要原因。金红石榴辉岩与片麻岩之间具有很高的反射系数(0.24-0．31)。韧性剪切带中糜棱岩化片麻岩和面理化榴辉岩使岩石各向异性和反射强度明显增加。岩石微裂隙与主孔原位波速变化有密切关系。饱水岩石速度(Vp和Vs)可以代表CCSD主孔原位状态的地震波速度。上述成果为本区地震反射体成因提供了重要的岩石物理性质约束。 相似文献
3.
弹性模量、波速与应力的关系及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为充分了解不同尺度地质系统的岩石动力学特征,更好利用不同规模勘探资料有效解释地质系统的特征,在岩石物理实验对岩石弹性模量、波速与应力的关系进行研究总结的基础上,探讨野外实际地震勘探中地震波速与地应力的关系。研究表明,岩石、岩体或地质系统是多相(固液气)、多种矿物、各种构造的综合体,不论尺度如何均可以用多重介质孔隙裂隙地质模型描述,而波速是一定尺度不均匀地质体的等效波速,在一定地质条件下,各种尺度介质波速、岩石弹性模量与有效应力存在依存关系。坚硬的岩石通常很脆,如果岩石处于很大的应力之下,应力的释放将在岩石中产生微裂隙,微裂隙会降低地震速度。只要把岩石恢复到原来的应力状态就可能消除所引发的微裂隙。在岩体未达到破坏时,应力越大,波速愈高。压力释放引发的微裂隙有助于现场确定最大/最小水平应力方向,波速的椭圆长轴即为主应力方向。而上覆地层压力不变(或变化很小),净储层压力的影响正好与储层压力对地震特性的影响相反。随着净储层压力的增加,所有岩石的地震特性都增高。这种增高的量级取决于若干其它的因素(孔隙形状、孔隙度、孔隙流体、岩性等等)。不论野外地震勘探还是实验研究,地震波速与地应力的一致性为地质系统的正反演解释提供了宏观控制依据:通过测量弄清 相似文献
4.
《物探化探计算技术》2017,(4)
岩石的地震波速是区域构造研究和浅部地震勘探的基础。哈密地区是我国重要的产油区域之一,但目前仍缺少地震波速方面的基础资料。这是在实验室条件下模拟了深层环境,分析了四组哈密地区砂岩样品的波速与压力之间的关系。结果表明:随着压力增加,砂岩样品的纵横波速度以对数关系增加;砂岩的孔隙度影响波速的变化速率;砂岩地震波速的滞后效应主要表现为:在相同压力下,降压过程中的波速大于升压过程中的波速;高压下的波速接近于用空间平均模型计算的理论波速。实验所得的波速数据与哈密地区的测井数据解释相吻合,其可以作为判断油层、水层和干层的辅助条件。 相似文献
5.
云南高黎贡山典型斜长角闪岩地震波速、各向异性及其晶格优选定向的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
斜长角闪岩和角闪岩相变质岩石是大陆中—下地、岛弧深部地壳以及俯冲大洋地壳中最重要的组成岩石之一,查明目前地壳中斜长角闪岩的体积含量、空间分布及其应变状态对于深入研究大陆地壳的形成与演化过程极其重要.笔者等实验测量了云南高黎贡韧性剪切带典型变形斜长角闪岩7个关键性方向上的地震(P和S波)波速随静水围压(0～600 MPa)的变化规律,并利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术测定了主要造岩矿物角闪石、斜长石和石英的品格优选方位,查清斜长角闪岩中地震波速各向异性与剪切波分裂的成因,确定斜长角闪岩中有限应变椭球与波速椭球的对应关系,为今后利用原地地震波速的各向异性调查地壳深部区域构造应变场提供必要的实验和理论基础. 相似文献
6.
通过波速测试可获得岩土体的弹性波速,为工程建筑设计提供科学依据.在简述单孔检层法工作原理及方法基础上,以工程实例说明了波速测试技术不但可为建筑抗震设计提供所需的岩体动力参数,而且可利用岩石的纵波波速比定量地进行岩石风化程度划分和岩体动力特性评价. 相似文献
7.
波速测试技术是地震勘探方法之一,也是一种简便、快速、准确的原位测试技术。它通过获取的地震波在经过不同深度的岩、土层的直达波旅行时,求得纵波、剪切波波速,进而通过弹性波理论,计算出岩、土层动弹性力学参数,同时也可以根据剪切波的波速,来划分场地土类型和建筑场地类别,以及计算卓越周期,这些参数可以为场地抗震设计及地震安全性评价提供依据。这里简述了波速测试技术的工作原理和野外实测技术,以及数据处理和资料解释全过程,并且结合某一建筑场地的实例,说明了波速测试技术在场地抗震评价中的应用及其效果。 相似文献
8.
苏鲁-大别超高压变质岩的弹性力学性质与密度的关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
我们采集了31块来自中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔和预先导孔岩芯以及29块苏鲁-大别地区地表露头的典型超高压变质岩,在10～850 MPa的静水压力和室温下测量了60块标本的P波与S波速度,分别建立了纵横波速和围压之间的定量关系,并在此基础上计算了不同压力下各岩石标本的弹性参数即杨氏模量(E)、剪切模量(G)、体模量(K)和泊松比(v),着重探讨了超高压变质岩的弹性力学性质与密度之间的关系.这些最新成果将为超高压变质岩地区以及新老俯冲带地震波资料的解释提供关键的理论和实验基础. 相似文献
9.
循环冲击下波阻抗定义岩石损伤变量的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在动静组合加载试验系统上,对有轴向预应力的岩石进行循环冲击时无法测量其声波波速,以致于不能用声波波速值的变化研究此过程中岩石的损伤演变特性,为此提出了基于岩石波阻抗定义其损伤变量的方法。在理论上证明裂隙岩石的密度和纵波波速间具有良好的正向相关性,在同一损伤过程中,岩石的波阻抗与其纵波波速的相对变化量接近,根据密度和纵波波速都能反映岩石损伤的现实,得出基于岩石波阻抗定义岩石损伤的方法是可行的结论,并给出其定义损伤变量的表达式。根据一维应力波理论,推导出由入射波和反射波或透射波求解波阻抗的表达式。对利用霍布金森压杆装置进行试验时应力波在岩石试件两界面间多次透反射的过程进行了分析,在此基础上,确定了由试验数据计算循环冲击过程中岩石波阻抗的方法。对岩石试件进行了无初始应力的循环冲击试验,测量了岩石在每次冲击后的纵波波速,得出了基于波阻抗和纵波波速定义的损伤变量具有相同的变化趋势的结论,并分析了二者之间有差别的原因。研究结果表明,在入射能大小接近的循环冲击过程中,利用波阻抗定义岩石损伤变量的方法是可行的 相似文献
10.
准各向同性裂隙岩体中有效动弹性参数与弹性波速关系的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从弹性波在介质中传播的特点和弹性波法在岩体工程中的实际应用情况方面,分析了弹性波在含裂隙岩体介质中的传播特征。将岩体中裂隙呈随机分布的裂隙岩体似为准各向同性裂隙岩体,根据能量平衡原理、岩石断裂力学理论和卡氏最小功能定理(Castiglano’s theorem),确定了准各向同性裂隙岩体的有效动弹性参数( 、 、 )与裂隙密度参数(Xv)的数学关系。在此基础上,根据各向同性介质中传播的弹性波理论,建立了准各向同性裂隙岩体中弹性波速( 、 )和 / 与裂隙密度参数(Xv)之间的关系。理论研究表明,在此裂隙岩体中,有效动弹性参数和弹性波速与裂纹密度参数之间相互的关系均近似成倒数函数的非线性关系;裂隙密度参数增加,有效动弹性模量( )也减少,弹性波速( , )也减小;在裂隙密度参数较小时,此裂隙岩体的有效弹性模量和弹性波速随裂隙密度参数的变化较大,说明裂隙体的有效弹性参数和弹性波速对裂隙体非常敏感。 相似文献
11.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌｗａｖｅｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙ（ｖｐ）ｉｎｒｏｃｋｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄａｔｈｉｇｈｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅａｎｄｈｉｇｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｉｓｏｆｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｉｍｐｏｒ－ｔａｎｃｅｔｏｅｌｕｃｉｄａ... 相似文献
12.
We present the influence of mineralogy and microstructure on the seismic velocity anisotropy of evaporites. Bulk elastic properties and seismic velocities are calculated for a suite of 20 natural evaporite samples, which consist mainly of halite, anhydrite, and gypsum. They exhibit strong fabrics as a result of tectonic and diagenetic processes. Sample mineralogy and crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) were obtained with the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique and the data used for seismic velocity calculations. Bulk seismic properties for polymineralic evaporites were evaluated with a rock recipe approach. Ultrasonic velocity measurements were also taken on cube shaped samples to assess the contribution of grain-scale shape preferred orientation (SPO) to the total seismic anisotropy. The sample results suggest that CPO is responsible for a significant fraction of the bulk seismic properties, in agreement with observations from previous studies. Results from the rock recipe indicate that increasing modal proportion of anhydrite grains can lead to a greater seismic anisotropy of a halite-dominated rock. Conversely, it can lead to a smaller seismic anisotropy degree of a gypsum-dominated rock until an estimated threshold proportion after which anisotropy increases again. The difference between the predicted anisotropy due to CPO and the anisotropy measured with ultrasonic velocities is attributed to the SPO and grain boundary effects in these evaporites. 相似文献
13.
人类有关地球内部物质成份、结构和物理状态的认识绝大多数来自于地震波的资料,而地震波资料的正确解释又离不开岩石地震波性质的高温高压实验研究。地壳和地幔岩石的地震波性质和各向异性是当今世界地学前沿研究的一项重要内容,该领域横跨了地震学、岩石物理学和构造地质学,在过去一段时间里非常活跃并取得许多重要的成果。本文仅将作者近年来研究岩石地震波性质（例如,岩石波速滞后性,地震波速随围压的变化规律,纵、横波速之间的关系,泊松比等）的部分进展做一简扼的综述,并谨以此纪念已故中国科学院院士张文佑先生诞辰100周年。 相似文献
14.
《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》2000,25(2):141-147
Rock microfracturing significantly affects elastic and anelastic parameters as well as transport properties. Several rock models are proposed in literature relating rock microfractures and cracks to the effective velocities. However, the mechanisms involved in the attenuation of seismic waves still need further investigation in order to properly relate attenuation to fracturing. Laboratory measurements of ultrasonic wave propagation are performed on dry sandstones during increasing fracturing of the samples. Perpendicular to the loading axis the wave velocities decrease and attenuation increase. The observed decrease of wave velocity is a measure for the crack density of the newly formed cracks. Utilising crack densities and microstructural parameters the attenuation behaviour is interpreted in terms of the mechanisms friction and scattering. On the same rock samples the effect of fracturing on water transport is investigated. Measurements before and after the mechanical fracturing show a decrease of permeability in loading direction. The changes in seismic parameters and permeability are interpreted by different variations in rock microstructure. This should be considered when relating seismic and transport rock properties. 相似文献
15.
Klaus Ullemeyer Siegfried Siegesmund Patrick N.J. Rasolofosaon Jan H. Behrmann 《Tectonophysics》2006,414(1-4):97
A representative suite of deformed, metamorphic rocks from the TRANSALP reflection seismic traverse in the Eastern Alps was studied in the laboratory with respect to elastic properties and whole-rock texture. Compressional wave (P-wave) velocities and their anisotropies were measured at various experimental conditions (dry, wet, confining pressure), and compared to the texture-related component of anisotropy. Here ‘texture’ refers to crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs), which were determined by neutron texture goniometry. In gneisses and schists P-wave anisotropies are mainly controlled by the microcrack fabric. In marbles and amphibolites CPO contributes very significantly to anisotropy. At 200 MPa confining pressure the degree of anisotropy is between 5% and 15%, depending on rock composition and/or CPO intensity. Special emphasis was also put on discussing possible effects of fluids on seismic velocity and anisotropy. Distributions of water-filled microcracks and pores are distinctly anisotropic, with maximum contribution to bulk rock velocity mostly parallel to the foliation pole. Decreasing P-wave velocity and increasing anisotropy of immersed samples may be explained by crack-induced changes of the elastic moduli of bulk rock. The main conclusion regarding interpretation of TRANSALP data is that strong reflections in the deep Alpine crust are probably due to marble–gneiss and metabasite–gneiss contacts, although P-wave anisotropy and boundaries between zones of ‘dry’ or ‘wet’ series may contribute to reflectivity to some extent. 相似文献
16.
我们在10~800MPa的静水压力下测量了中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔岩心和采自苏鲁地区地表露头上的共68块典型超高压变质岩试样的地震波速,并建立了波速和围压的定量关系,成功地解释了描述这一定量关系方程中4个参数的物理意义。笔者相信,本文将为超高压变质岩地区以及新老俯冲带地震波资料的解释提供必不可少的理论和实验支撑。 相似文献
17.
The geomechanical models were established based on the absence or presence of certain rock fabric elements — texture (crystallographic preferred orientation), microstructure (shape preferred orientation) and microcracks (flat voids). The proposed models include both (i) the ideal material showing random texture and structure but no microcracks, i.e. the material which is hardly to be found in nature, and (ii) the materials possessing various combinations of fabric elements that show different spatial arrangements. The mutual relationship between those parameters and seismic and geomechanical properties are discussed.Selected models were experimentally verified during laboratory experiments. These consist of measurement of P-wave velocities in 132 independent directions under several confining pressures in the range 0.1–400 MPa. From measured data 3D P-wave patterns can be constructed and the influence of microcracks and of texture and structure on the rock seismic anisotropy can be determined. The seismic anisotropy established at different levels of confining pressure can be used for the interpretation of rock fabric symmetry of rocks showing low anisotropy in macroscale and for the selection of directions in which the geomechanical test can be performed. The measured P-wave velocities were then mathematically processed by using a fitting function which reflects contribution of P-wave velocity in the mineral skeleton of an ideal sample without microcracks extrapolated to the atmospheric pressure level from high confining pressure interval (ca. 200–400 MPa) (v0), linear compressibility of the samples (kv), and confining pressure during which most of the cracks are closed (P0). These parameters improve the understanding of the response of various rock fabric elements on increasing confinement and corresponding changes in elasticity.The observed seismic and geomechanical anisotropies reflect intensity of the fabric of rock-forming minerals and microcracks. The magnitude of seismic anisotropy measured at atmospheric pressure corresponds to the anisotropy of static elastic modulus and is governed by the spatial arrangement of microcracks. The magnitude of strength anisotropy (uniaxial compressive strength) correlates more likely to the seismic anisotropy determined at high confining pressure and is connected to the preferred orientations (either CPO or SPO or both) of rock-forming minerals. 相似文献
18.
以岩石物理理论为基础,在变温、变压条件下对塔河油田志留系和泥盆系岩样进行超声波纵、横波速度及密度测定,岩石物理试验表明塔河油田饱水岩样、饱油岩样和泥岩,纵波速度和横波速度都具有很好的线性关系,岩石的纵横波速度均随着温度压力的增加而增大。干岩石以及饱含水岩石的纵横波速度均随着岩石孔隙度的增加而变小。采用Shuey近似理论,根据测定的岩石物理参数,进行了AVO正演模拟,结果表明塔河地区研究目的层的AVO异常类型属于第一类。 相似文献
19.
D. V. Lazurkin 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2011,437(1):323-325
This method pertains to oil and gas geology and to geology of sedimentary basins prospective for oil and gas. It includes
identifying catagenesis zones in drilled areas within the sedimentary cover of the basin based on assay results for drill
cores and cuttings using the standard methods. Analysis is primarily made in order to determine rock catagenesis based on
the optical characteristics of vitrinite. A correlation between catagenesis zones and layer seismic velocities obtained from
regional and exploration seismic data is made for a drilled area. Both the layer seismic velocities and the degree of rock
catagenesis increase with depth under the influence of increasing rock density. Correlations between layer velocities and
the degree of rock catagenesis have been established. The following ratios have been determined for the Scotian shelf, Canada,
and the Barents shelf, Russia: a protocatagenesis zone (the cap) corresponds to layer seismic velocities (V
lay) of 1.5–3.3 km/s, a mesocatagenesis zone (the principal hydrocarbon generation area) corresponds to V
lay of 3.3–5.0 km/s, and an apocatagenesis zone (an area with a very low hydrocarbon potential) corresponds to V
lay of over 5.0 km/s. An advantage of the new method of identification of catagenesis zones is that it can be used prior to drilling.
Its conceptual originality and cost efficiency lie precisely in this. 相似文献