共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 718 毫秒
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本文讨论无限深上层流体和有限深下层流体的两层流体系统，该系统是大气的一种近似模型。采用拉格朗日坐标系，从无粘不可压流体力学方程式出发，利用摄动方法获得了所讨论系统中界面孤立波迎撞的摄动解。结果表明，在迎撞前后每个波独立地由Ｂｅｎｊａｍｉｎ－Ｏｎｏ方程所描述，即波的形状不发生变化，迎撞的效应由相移来体现。 相似文献
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维向切变流中的非线性对称不稳定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
讨论了维向切变流中的非线性对称不稳定问题。中采用绝热无粘的非线性对称扰动方程组，利用多尺度摄动方法分析其不稳定波动的有限振幅特性。研究结果表明：不稳定波的有限振幅在强度上呈现出振荡趋势。无论是超临界切变情况，还是次临界切变情况，对称扰动振幅都随时间呈现出周期性的变化，振荡周期的大小不仅与基本场稳定度参数及波的特性有关，而且还与初始扰动的振幅及其增长率有关。 相似文献
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为了分析热带海气耦合系统中不稳定扰动究竟由哪种自由波占主导地位，根据本文第I部分提出的热带海气耦合模式，讨论了取耦合系统中不同的径向模时耦合波的性质，即分别讨论了大气长Rossby波和海洋长Rossby波、大气Kelvin波和海洋长Rossby波、大气长Rossby波和海洋Kelvin波的耦合波以及考虑了大气和海洋中所有这些波动时耦合波的性质。结果指出，这些耦合波对海气耦合模式中参数的取值很敏感，不同的参数可以产生性质不同的耦合波。本文的结果也说明了海气耦合系统的性质与热带大气的性质和结构有很大关系。 相似文献
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对于一控制在中心降冷、边缘加热的旋转圆盘内的流体,增加或减少其温差,可引起流体中波数的转变。本文对四波向三波及三波向四波的转变过程作了较详细的分析,发现在四波向三波转变时,平均经圈环流和西风强度均发生迅速的变化。维持四波时,平均经圈环流为靠近热源处下沉和靠近冷源处上升的反环流。当转变过程发生时,经圈环流转变成正环流,转换完成后则恢复成反环流。在经圈环流变化的同时,西风强度也发生由弱变强而后再由强变弱的转变。三波向四波转变时,经圈环流及西风强度没有上述变化,只有强度的不同。 根据热量输送的计算结果,波数不同,它所产生的热量的涡动输送也不一样,三波时热量的涡动输送较强,四波时热量的涡动输送较弱。最后,我们联系热量输送的特点对上述结果进行了初步的讨论。 相似文献
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边界层急流型重力波——飞机颠簸的一种形成机制 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
采用线性化的Boussinesq流体边界层绝热流动方程，比较一维边界层急流型重力波的垂直运动量级，讨论边界层急流型重力波中的湍流发展，认为边界层急流型重力波是造成边界层飞机颠簸的一种机制。 相似文献
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利用一个带有地形的二层均质流体模式,引入参数化形式的积云对流加热反馈,研究了重力惯性波的不稳定增长及传播,得到并讨论了一些接近天气实际情况的结果。 相似文献
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Analytical solutions of convective waves in the convective boundary layer (CBL) were obtained with two-layer linearized atmospheric
equations including Rayleigh friction, which represents the turbulent viscosity in the lower CBL. The analytical model shows
that the interaction between the convection in the lower layer and gravity waves in the upper layer is one of the causes for
the formation of convective bands. The flow and temperature fields obtained by the analytical model present the main characteristics
of convective bands found in field observations. We have also investigated the influences of atmospheric conditions on the
characteristics of the bands. Results accord with previous knowledge about these phenomena. 相似文献
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D.E. Harrison 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》1982,6(3):135-152
Mesoscale resolution ocean general circulation model (EGCM) experiments have been carried out under a variety of different model physical assumptions, and the different model systems often produce very different deep mean flow fields. The flat bottom, rectangular basin experiments exhibit two distinct types of deep mean flow, which are here called “corotating” and “counterrotating”. Counterrotating deep flow, in which two adjacent deep gyres, with circulation of opposite senses, underlie the upper ocean eastward jet and its recirculation, has been found only in models with adiabetic two-layer model physics. None of the more complex model systems exhibit counterrotating deep flows; this type of flow is apparently restricted to a particular range of forcing/dissipation parameter space and/or particular model physical assumptions.Since the deep flow in these EGCM systems is generally weak, geostrophic dynamics provides the basic deep flow interior balance and the mean vertical velocity field, through the lower layer vorticity equation, largely determines the deep interior flow. The dynamical constraints on the mean vertical velocity field introduced by different model physical equations are reviewed and the adiabatic quasi-geostrophic (QG) two-layer model system is shown to be strongly constrained in several respects. In particular, the idea that eddy and mean heat flux divergence (or “layer thickness flux divergence”) drive the mean vertical velocity does not generalize to more complicated dynamical systems in which there is the possibility of altering the mean vertical density profile and/or in which the horizontal flow can be divergent. As a consequence of the constraints, there can be no basin net vorticity input to the lower layer via vortex stretching in the QG system.Because of the adiabatic QG constraints and the particular parametric regime in which the published adiabatic QG EGCM experiments exist, a very plausible explanation can be found for the existence of the deep cyclonic circulation of the model subtropical gyre. It is this cyclonic circulation that causes these deep flows to differ so dramatically from those of the more physically complex model systems. Because all the published adiabatic QG experiments that have non-trivial deep flows exhibit the counterrotating behavior, and because available ocean data do not support the existence of such a gyre in the North Atlantic, it seems important to thoroughly understand the reasons for the existence or absence of the deep cyclonic circulations. If they are an invitable feature of adiabatic QG systems, these models may need to be treated with caution as tools for understanding the mean ocean circulation. 相似文献
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A.V. Ivanov L.A. Ostrovsky I.A. Soustova L.Sh. Tsimring 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》1983,7(4):221-232
Within the framework of the semiempirical theory of turbulence for stratified fluids some aspects of the problem of internal wave-turbulence interaction in the upper layer of the ocean are discussed. The conditions of amplification and sustaining of turbulence by internal waves are investigated. Stationary distributions of turbulent energy are found for a stratified fluid with a shear flow produced, for example, by a low-frequency internal wave. The internal wave damping due to both turbulent viscosity and turbulent diffusion in the thermocline is studied. For a two-layer model damping constant is determined as a function of the wave number. The variation of surface turbulence by internal waves is estimated and the role of this process in slick formation is considered. 相似文献
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A systematic investigation of the effects of various parametrizations of dissipation, e.g. quadratic and linear frictional drag, harmonic lateral viscosity, and harmonic lateral diffusion on inertial flow over a sill and possible hydraulic control is presented. Rotation effects are ignored and the geometry is assumed to vary only slowly with downstream distance so that the flow may be considered one-dimensional. Results are given both for a single-active layer and for two-active layers with a rigid lid.If the parametrization is only a function of the dependent variables and not of their spatial derivatives, then it may be possible to hydraulically control the flow. A general expression is derived for the possible control point and the two gradients there, which are functions of the slope and possibly of flow rate. Specific energy is irreversibly removed from the flow and non-controlled as well as controlled flows can exhibit significant asymmetry in fluid depth over a sill. The upstream specific energy, and hence depth of the lower layer, of the controlled flow is greater than for an ideal fluid. Frictional effects modify the behaviour of long gravity waves, such that they are dispersive and damped with time. The system will only exhibit hydraulic control if these effects are small.For a viscous single layer of fluid, the gradient in surface elevation is always uniquely defined, so classically defined hydraulic control, as such, cannot exist. However, for values of non-dimensional lateral eddy viscosity coefficient,
, where q is the flow rate, there is a narrow band of specific energies centred around that for the control solution in an ideal fluid, Ecrit, for which the surface elevation, h is very asymmetric over the sill; the solutions resemble the inviscid, hydraulically controlled solutions. Outside this range, either the fluid depth tends to zero, or the surface elevation is almost uniform over the sill. A ‘control’-type solution exists which has the conjugate values of the inviscid equation up- and downstream of the sill, where the gradient in fluid depth, and hence the viscous term, is zero. For larger values of AM, the band of specific energies is much wider, and the upstream specific energy of the ‘control’-type solution is much lower than that for an inviscid fluid. Long gravity waves are dispersive and damped with time. There is a short-wave cut-off, k2 > h/(4AM2), above which waves are stationary in the flow. Longer waves, k2 h/(4AM2), are critical if
, as for an ideal fluid. If these waves can propagate significant distances, then any observed asymmetry in h will be due to inertial and not to viscous effects. The behaviour of unidirectional, two-layer flow is similar. The governing equation for viscous, two-layer exchange flow is singular, and typically excludes the ‘control’-type solutions found for unidirectional flows.Establishing the existence and behaviour of steady inertial flows in the presence of lateral diffusion between layers is more difficult. It significantly alters the single-layer solutions once the non-dimensional coefficient AH is large, i.e.
. The flow rate may become zero on the downslope as all the fluid diffuses into the inert, infinitely deep, overlaying layer. The fluid depth is maintained by reverse flow from downstream. In this case, the depth of the active layer tends to zero downstream for all values of specific energy. For two-layer flow, both unidirectional and exchange, the governing equation is such that the lower-layer flow rate and interfacial height return to their upstream values.Motivation for the study is provided by the increasingly fine spatial resolution achievable in large-scale numerical models of the ocean general circulation, and the question of whether they are capable of simulating some form of hydraulic control. Application to modelling oceanic flows over a sill is discussed. 相似文献
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Turbulent fluctuations in active mixed layers can excite internal waves in stably stratified fluid regions adjoining them. Expressions are derived for the energy and momentum fluxes radiated away by internal waves from an oceanic mixed layer, in terms of the spectrum of the static pressure fluctuations imposed at the base of the mixed layer by the turbulent eddies. The role of these internal wave fluxes in questions such as the determination of the rate of deepening of the layer due to an applied surface stress and the origin of internal waves in the deep ocean is discussed. 相似文献