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含钒金红石可见光下催化降解亚甲基蓝实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用含有钒等杂质的金红石可部分吸收可见光的特性,以500 W卤素灯作为光源,实验研究了其对亚甲基蓝的可见光催化降解,结果表明,该金红石具有催化活性,7 h后亚甲基蓝可降解71 2%。经过加热、粉碎改性方法处理后的金红石光催化活性明显提高,加热1 100 ℃的金红石样品7 h后可使亚甲基蓝的降解率达到90 4%。增加光照强度、加入适当的H2O2 都可提高降解效果。实验为充分开发利用天然金红石提出了新的途径,为环境污染治理提出了新方法。 相似文献
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钒钛磁铁矿中氧化亚铁的准确测定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在聚四氟乙烯塑料杯中，用乙酸－过氧化氢处理样品，以除去硫化物，砷化物的影响，过剩的混合溶剂，加热挥散除去，不经过滤分离，即用氨基酸－硫酸分解样品，重铬酸钾标准溶液滴定，三价钒的干扰是定量的，可用钒量进行校正。 相似文献
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广西靖西县新圩铝土矿Ⅶ号矿体矿石热分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广西靖西新圩堆积型铝土矿为我国典型的一水铝型铝土矿。以新圩堆积型铝土矿的典型样品为研究对象,通过X衍射分析确定其矿物组成,进一步借助差热(DTA)与热重(TG/DTG)分析,探索铝土矿石加热过程。X衍射分析显示5个铝土矿样品矿物组成主要为硬水铝石、赤铁矿、绿泥石、三水铝石、锐钛矿、金红石、针铁矿以及少量的高岭石。差热(DTA)分析显示铝土矿样品有2个明显的吸热峰,分别为三水铝石和硬水铝石吸热峰;热重(TG/DTG)曲线显示样品分解分为4个阶段,分别为吸附水失去阶段和三水铝石、针铁矿、硬水铝石脱羟基作用阶段。利用热重(TG/DTG)数据分别计算了硬水铝石、三水铝石、针铁矿矿物相对百分含量,与国内外同类型铝土矿矿石热分析特征对比显示具有大体一致的热分析特征。 相似文献
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利用漫反射光谱鉴定红粘土中针铁矿和赤铁矿 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
针铁矿(Gt)和赤铁矿(Hm)是广泛存在于土壤和沉积物中的重要铁矿物。这两种矿物在土壤和沉积物中含量很低,常规的测试手段很难有效地测定其含量。利用反射光谱联合加热处理的方法,可对土壤及沉积物样品中针铁矿和赤铁矿进行定性或半定量测定。实验结果显示,样品加热到300℃后,针铁矿的反射光谱的一阶导数特征峰发生了变化,赤铁矿的一阶导数特征峰却没有明显的变化。因此加热前后样品反射光谱一阶导数的变化取决于针铁矿和赤铁矿的含量。利用这种方法估计黄土高原第三纪红粘土样品中的赤铁矿含量约为0.3%～0.4%,针铁矿含量约为0.5%～1%。 相似文献
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在简述半导体光催化理论及TiO2多相光催化作用近30年研究现状的基础上，重点对国内外一直处于空白状态的天然含钒金红石光催化性能进行研究。天然含钒金红石中部分Ti^4 被V^5 包括Fe^3 、Cu^2 和Zn^2 等杂质离子替代可引起其晶格畸变与缺陷。机械粉碎到70～80μm后可使其晶胞膨胀0.33％，原位加热700～1100℃其晶胞可膨胀0．93％～2．13％，淬火改性其晶胞收缩0．01％～0．07％。受热改性其体相中V^5 向表面偏析。对晶格畸变的修复可表现为晶面重构和再结晶作用及微应力释放作用。粉碎的金红石对卤代烃三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯具有一定的降解效果而表现出良好的光催化活性。加热1000℃，金红石对卤代烃的降解率明显提高。淬火1000℃和1100℃，金红石对卤代烃的降解速度大大加快。而电子辐射金红石对三氯乙烯的降解率则明显降低。通过52种金属氧化物和金属硫化物半导体矿物的初步研究，发现大多数金属氧化物矿物产生光电子的波长范围是249～777nm，吸收光主要是可见光。而大多数金属硫化物矿物产生光电子的最大波长大于921nm，吸收光主要是红外光，充分表明无机界具有光催化功能的半导体在可见光条件下就可以产生光电子与空穴。系统开展无机界矿物光催化作用研究，对揭示地球生命过程和环境演化有着不可替代的作用，对氧化降解地球表层系统中有机污染物尤其是不能自行降解的持久性有机污染物有着至关重要的作用。 相似文献
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红-黄色翡翠是否经过热处理,其价值相差悬殊。随着市场对红-黄色翡翠的需求增加,鉴别其是否经过热处理是目前宝玉石鉴定的难点和热点问题。通过加热实验,利用红外光谱测试技术对加热前、后的红-黄色翡翠样品的红外光谱进行对比分析。结果表明,加热前、后的红-黄色翡翠样品的红外光谱具有不同的特征,主要表现为硬玉结构中OH的四组吸收峰强弱的变化：（1）吸收峰的强变化是在3 000～4 000 cm-1之间的峰型从加热前呈U型到加热后呈V型;（2）吸收峰的弱变化则是谱线略有改变,出现3 622～3 628 cm-1或3 670 cm-1附近的吸收峰,这些特征可作为红-黄色翡翠是否经过加热处理的辅助性诊断指标。 相似文献
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为了获得具有高光催化活性和稳定性的TiO2薄膜,采用浸渍涂布法不加黏结剂将Deguessa P-25TiO2固定在泡沫镍基片上,制备成泡沫镍基负载TiO2薄膜,并以Ti-10薄膜为光催化组件制备了一种新型连续流内循环光催化反应器。表征结果显示:P-25薄膜呈混晶相,增大负载浓度会增加基片上结晶质(如锐钛矿相(101))数量、团聚颗粒数量、表面微裂痕以及比表面积;高温煅烧下泡沫镍基片上Ni元素以金属Ni和NiO形式扩散到薄膜表面,形成NiO-Ni体系,有助于提高薄膜的光催化活性;当负载P-25质量分数为10%时,薄膜表层Ni原子比为12.29%,此时薄膜具有最佳光催化活性。以Ti-10样品为光催化薄膜组件制备了一种连续流光催化反应装置,该装置降解化工废水的实验结果显示反应装置连续运行一周,出水可达到一级排放标准。 相似文献
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周士涛 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1992,(3)
1、离子探针的特点和功能:(1)检测灵敏度高,能测量包括氢在内的元素周期表上全部元素。绝对灵敏度为10~(-15)～10~(19),能检测相对含量为10~(-6)～10~(-9)原子浓度的微量杂质。因此它可以作金属超纯分析,半导体微量杂质测量和矿物微量元素分析。(2) 微区表面薄膜分析。它的横向(X—Y)分辨率为1～2μm,能在1～6nm厚的表面薄膜上检测样品表面杂质含量和分布,可以观测晶体界面结构信息和矿物离子显微图像。(3) 深度分析。其深度Z方向上分辨本领为5～10nm,可以提供包括轻元素在内的三维空间分析图像,可研究矿物元素氧化过程和离子扩散。(4) 同位素分析。同位素比值测量精度0.1％,在测定陨石,月岩和地球样品的微量元素和同位素组或以及地质年代学研究方面都能发挥作用。(5)绝缘体样品分析。要在试样表面上先镀一层碳膜(或金属膜),或者利用低能量电子喷射样品表面,或用负离子轰击样品来解决绝缘非导电体样品分析过程中在其表面积累电荷,以及由此产生的电位变化现象。(6)样品需要量少。消耗样品量仅1ng左右,且制备方法简单 相似文献
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岩石的微波处理效果受诸多因素影响,其中水是一种良好的吸波介质,能提高岩石的微波吸收能力。为探索饱和度对微波照射后岩石响应特征的影响效果,以不同饱和度的玄武岩试样为研究对象,以升温特性、波速与孔隙度变化以及动态抗拉强度等为参考指标,开展了3 kW功率微波照射的破岩试验。从细观与宏观角度的分析结果表明：（1）水的存在影响了微波照射过程中岩样的升温特性,照射的前15 s内,饱和度低于75%组明显促进了升温速率,而饱和度达到100%则作用相反,升温速率低于干燥组;15～30 s随着含水率的减少与蒸发吸热,含水试样升温速率降低;30～45 s内水分蒸发完毕,含水试样的升温速率接近干燥试样。（2）饱和度差异导致玄武岩在微波照射后发生不同程度的波速与孔隙率的变化,波速降幅范围为8.18%～17%,孔隙率增长范围为18.71%～43.65%,损伤效果并未随饱和度升高而增强。（3）同样照射条件下,50%饱和度组在蒸汽压力和热应力共同作用下快速达到强度极限,试样直接发生破坏。其余组试样大多未发生明显细观损伤,最终动态抗拉强度差距不明显。 相似文献
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In this study the effect of the temperature increase on the hydro-mechanical properties of sheared Boom clay samples is investigated. Two samples of Boom clay are resaturated in a new hollow cylinder triaxial cell with a short drainage path and then sheared by performing an axisymmetric triaxial loading. The effect of the undrained heating under deviatoric stress is studied on the first sample. It is shown that undrained temperature increase leads to an increase of pore water pressure and consequently to a decrease of the effective mean stress which brings the sample to failure. For an initially sheared sample, the failure occurs along the existing shear band which behaves as a weakness plane in the sample. The responses of the local strain measurement transducers clearly show the sliding of rigid blocks when failure occurs in the sample.The effect of the presence of a shear band on the permeability of the other Boom clay sample is investigated at ambient temperature and at 80 °C. It is shown that the presence of a shear band does not affect significantly the permeability. These results confirm the good self sealing properties of Boom clay at ambient and at high temperature. 相似文献
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The hydroxyl stretching frequencies of four phyllosilicates have been measured at high pressures and temperatures using an externally heated diamond-anvil cell and synchrotron infrared spectroscopy. Spectra were measured up to 26, 31, 21 and 8 GPa at room temperature for samples of talc, pyrophyllite, muscovite and 10-Å phase, respectively. Spectra were also measured in the range 273–500 K at ambient pressure for all samples and at 8–9 GPa for talc and pyrophyllite. The frequency of the Mg3OH band in talc increases with pressure due to the absence of hydrogen bonding. The different orientation of the hydroxyl group in pyrophyllite and muscovite leads to hydrogen bonding and a decrease in the frequency of the Al2OH band with pressure. 10-Å phase is approximately equivalent to talc with the addition of interlayer H2O. In a spectrum of a sample synthesised for 143 h, two hydroxyl stretching bands are clearly resolved on compression. One is the same as the Mg3OH band in talc, indicating the presence of intra-layer hydroxyl in a talc-like environment with no hydrogen bonding. The other, which separates from the talc-like band at 1 GPa, is associated with intra-layer hydroxyl that is hydrogen bonded to interlayer H2O. There are equivalent bands in high-pressure spectra of a sample of deuterated 10-Å phase, synthesised for 400 h. This sample shows a greater extent of hydrogen bonding at ambient pressure than the 143 h sample. For all of the phases studied, increasing temperature leads to a decrease in frequency for every hydroxyl stretching vibration, both at low and high pressures. The shifts in frequency with temperature are an order of magnitude greater than the shifts with pressure when normalised to previously measured structural parameters. 相似文献
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D. Talla M. Wildner A. Beran R. Škoda Z. Losos 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(10):757-769
Several samples of wulfenite, PbMoO4, varying in colour from colourless to yellow, orange and red, have been characterised by means of IR and optical absorption spectroscopy and by microprobe analyses. A distinct pleochroic band group with absorption maxima centred at 3,380 and 3,150 cm?1 can be seen in the IR spectra of wulfenite single-crystals, indicating the presence of hydroxyl groups. The pleochroic and thermal behaviour of the OH stretching bands along with deuteration experiments, as well as results obtained from synthetic flux-grown samples, exclude the presence of submicroscopic hydrous mineral inclusions as their primary origin. The pleochroic scheme and the band positions were used to postulate a model for the OH incorporation mode, based on the assumption of vacancies on Mo and Pb sites in the structure of this ‘nominally anhydrous mineral’. Optical absorption spectra of coloured natural samples show a broad and polarised band around 23,000–24,000 cm?1, preceding the fundamental UV absorption edge, which has been identified as the reason for the colour of the mineral. The comparison with synthetic PbMoO4 single-crystals, doped with variable amounts of Cr6+, yielded conclusive evidence that trace amounts of the CrO4 2? anion group, substituting for MoO4 2?, determine the variable colour. Besides, in one sample, trace amounts of Nd3+ have been spectroscopically identified. 相似文献
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Calcite was synthesized by four methods, and the luminescence decay-time was measured for nine samples before and after heating
hydrothermally in the temperature range 200–400°C. Decay-time data were collected between room temperature and approximately
15 K. The decay time at room temperature is approximately 50 ms, with little difference between a given calcite before and
after hydrothermal treatment. The decay time at 15 K is always greater than at room temperature as the effect of thermal quenching
diminishes. Differences in decay time before and after heating are more apparent at low temperature owing to this reduction
in thermal quenching. The decay time decreased significantly in two samples, and an increase in decay time was observed in
the remaining seven samples following heating. Among the latter group, the change in decay time was insignificant in three
samples. The results are compared with previous data in which it was shown that the effect of heating is to increase the intensity
of luminescence. 相似文献
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A series of in-situ high temperature infrared (IR) measurements of water in an agate sample and in a milky quartz has been conducted in order to understand the nature of water in silica at high temperatures (50–700?°C) and the dehydration behavior. IR absorption bands of water molecules trapped in the milky quartz showed a systematic decrease in intensities and a shift from 3425?cm?1 at 50?°C toward 3590?cm?1 at 700?°C without any loss of water. This indicates a change in IR absorption coefficients corresponding to different polymeric states of water at different temperatures. The broad 3430?cm?1 band in the agate sample also showed a systematic decrease in IR intensity and a band shift toward higher frequency with increasing temperature (～700?°C). This indicates that the agate sample also contains fluid inclusion-like water. For this agate sample, a dehydration of loosely hydrogen-bonded molecular water occurred at lower temperatures (<200?°C). At higher temperatures (>400?°C), sharp bands around 3660 and 3725?cm?1 (3740?cm?1 at 50?°C) due to surface silanols, appeared. This indicates dehydration of H2O molecules that are hydrogen bonded to surface silanols. SiOH species in the agate are divided into three groups, namely SiOH group located at structural defects, surface silanols hydrogen bonded to each other and free surface silanols. Former two dehydrate below 700?°C and the dehydration rate of the SiOH at structural defects is faster than the other. IR spectra show that SiOH species decrease continuously even after the dehydration of most of H2O molecules. All these results provide realistic bases for the change in physicochemical states of different OH species in silica at high temperatures. 相似文献
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基于亚像素角点检测的数字图像测量系统能够记录三轴试样表面方块角点的位移,从而获得试样表面每一时刻的局部应变及应变场。分析了试样不同位置的局部径向应变在剪切过程中的变化,获得了以不同初始成样含水率制备的松砂和密砂试样在不同特征时刻的应力与应变的特征值。通过轴向应变场的变化分析了从应变局部化出现到剪切带发育、形成的这一完整的渐进破坏过程,总结了剪切带形成时的局部最大轴向应变特征值,并定性地分析了剪切带内、外土体在渐进破坏过程中不同的轴向应变增长率。试验结果表明：在应变场中试样应变局部化明显,并可以依此确定应变局部化的出现、剪切带的形成;对于密砂及初始含水率为0%制备的松砂试样,应力在应变局部化出现之初即达到峰值,剪切带形成时应力已经开始下降,进入应变软化阶段;以初始含水率为6%和12%制备的松砂试样在达到应力峰值时剪切带已经形成;剪切带内土体的局部轴向应变增长幅度比剪切带外的土体大得多。试样整体轴向应变的增大主要是由剪切带内土体剪切破坏产生的较大轴向应变所致。 相似文献
18.
E. N. Slyuta V. S. Petrov O. I. Yakovlev S. A. Voropaev I. S. Monakhov T. V. Prokof’eva 《Geochemistry International》2017,55(1):27-37
In this paper, we report experimental data on the implantation of hydrogen ions of different energies into crystalline quartz samples. It was shown that irradiation with protons with an energy of 20 keV produces an amorphous film on the surface of a quartz sample, and irradiation with 90-keV protons results in the formation of a layer with interstitial defects and an increase in the unit-cell parameter of quartz with preservation of the crystal structure of the disturbed layer. The examination of the samples by thermodesorption mass spectrometry showed that high-energy irradiation resulted also in loosening of the surface layer and considerable expansion of high-potential adsorption sites, which was the reason for the observed peak desorption of gases. The existence of desorption peaks allowed us to calculate the activation energy of surface desorption of gas components. It was also found that an increase in irradiation energy tends to enhance the total degassing of samples. 相似文献
19.
不同岩石矿物和矿化蚀变具有不同的光谱特征, 这是利用遥感技术进行岩石矿物和蚀变信息识别的基础。本研究在谢米斯台地区进行岩矿样品采集, 利用ASD野外光谱辐射仪采集光谱反射率数据, 通过去噪处理、标准化处理、微分处理和去包络线处理, 开展了典型岩矿样品、风化面与新鲜面样品和不同矿化蚀变的光谱特征提取和光谱分析。研究发现, 岩矿在380~1 100 nm波段的光谱特征, 主要是金属离子产生;在1 100~2 500 nm波段的光谱特征, 主要是阴离子基团中的羟基、碳酸根和水分子产生;矿化蚀变光谱具有可诊断性特征谱带, 是其矿物组成中的各种蚀变矿物特征信息的反映;受到矿物含量改变和外界环境因素的影响, 光谱的整体形态或局部特征都发生变化。岩矿光谱特征的提取和分析, 将提高和改善高光谱技术对不同区域同种类型的矿床勘查。 相似文献
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随着经济的快速发展,工程领域面对坚硬岩石的情况越来越多,传统机械开挖方式的效率和经济性难以保障,而微波辅助破岩具有较好的工程应用前景。岩石是由不同矿物组成的,不同矿物对微波的敏感程度不同,其敏感程度与矿物的族类、晶型和铁元素含量有关。当岩石处于微波场中时,不同敏感性矿物间的差异性膨胀能够在矿物边界和内部产生热应力,从而有效弱化岩石。影响岩石弱化效果的主要因素可分为微波条件和岩石条件两大类。一般而言,岩石强度随着微波功率与照射时间的增加而降低;相同能量条件下,高功率短时间的微波照射能够产生更好的弱化效果。岩石所含矿物的微波敏感性越高,敏感矿物的颗粒尺寸越大,及含量适当时,微波照射岩石的弱化效果越好;含水状态的岩石受到微波照射后,能够比干燥状态产生更大的损伤。微波的热效应有时还会使岩石中的矿物发生较大的物理或化学变化,进而对其升温特性及弱化效果产生影响。面照射试验表明微波能使大尺寸岩样在照射区域产生放射状裂纹,从而有效降低岩石强度,提高破岩效率。 相似文献