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1.
用弗氏台及透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ），对唐巴勒超基性岩体中碎斑状纯橄岩及糜棱岩化斜辉橄榄岩内主要造岩矿物──镁橄榄石的组构与超微构造进行了研究，两种手段所获结果基本一致。它们的位错组态各具特色；碎斑状纯橄岩内的幔成镁橄榄石表现出位错列特征，根据单根位错及位错列得出的布氏矢量为α［１００］，滑移系为（０１０）［１００］。在糜棱岩化斜辉橄榄岩内的幔成镁橄榄石表现出典型的多层结构，而且滑移方向明显，测定的速线方向为［２１１］，进一步还形成了许多出溶物。它们的位错密度、应力或活动性表现出前者小于后者，根据中粗粗幔成镁橄榄石及细粒重结晶或微粒变晶壳成镁橄榄石的组构特征分析它们的滑移系，前者为（０１０）［１００］，后者为（０１０）［００１］。再结合它们的赋存部位及其形成机理分析，北部与南部，深部与浅部或幔成与壳成矿物的组构或组态特征存在差异是理所当然的。这些特征之研究，对于分析铬铁矿等矿产的成矿与找矿具有一定的地质意义。 相似文献
2.
下扬子地区若干上地幔橄榄岩的显微构造研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文对下扬子区内２个玄武岩产地（江苏六合瓜埠山、安徽当涂釜山）的幔源包体进行研究,结果表明本区上地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩具原生粒状结构、碎斑结构、板状镶嵌等粒结构及部分熔融结构四种类型。在光学岩组图上显示出从原生粒状结构→碎斑结构→板状镶嵌等粒结构,其橄榄石光性方位优选性逐渐增强。变形橄榄石滑移轴为［１００］,滑移面以｛０ｋ１｝为主,（０１０）次之。高温高压人工变形实验证实,这种滑移系形成于高温低应变速率条件下。橄榄石位错类型多样,（１００）、（００１）位错壁分布广泛,位错壁间距显示对数正态分布特征．估算的本区上地幔高温蠕交流动差异应力为（１０．９～１１．５ＭＰａ）。上地幔流变速率、流动应力、等效粘滞度与深度关系指示本区新生代大地构造性质为大陆拉张带或大陆裂谷带。 相似文献
3.
西藏罗布莎地幔橄榄岩变形显微构造特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地幔橄榄岩是罗布莎蛇绿岩的主要组成成分之一,通过显微构造特征可对其变形特征进行分析,确定流变学参数,探讨地幔橄榄岩的变形历史。以蛇纹石化程度较低的二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩为研究对象,橄榄石位错特征研究显示,本区橄榄石主要发育了低温常见的直线型自由位错,局部可见位错弓弯、位错环、位错壁等高温位错,反映罗布莎地幔橄榄岩变形以低温塑性流变为主,局部经历了高温塑性流变,主导变形机制为位错蠕变。橄榄石自由位错统计结果表明,二辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石自由位错密度为4.422×107/cm2,方辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石为9.137×107/cm2,变形过程中所受差异应力分别为65MPa和93MPa。橄榄石和斜方辉石显微组构测量采用了电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD),分析结果表明,橄榄石均发育A型组构,为浅部地幔常见的组构类型,该结果与金刚石、柯石英等超高压矿物所指示的形成深度不一致。 相似文献
4.
利用扫描电镜的背散射电子图象(BEI)对玄武岩及金伯利岩所含幔源包体中橄榄石的缀饰位错进行了研究。实验结果表明,位错类型和颗粒边界图象清晰,又便于观察。这种观察位错的方法其分辨率比光学显微镜观察结果约高一个数量级。背散射电子图象位错方法特别适用于研究天然的和实验变形橄榄石的高位错密度和密集型边界,对于确定显微构造的定量参数也十分有利。 相似文献
5.
橄榄岩作为上地幔的主要成分,影响着上地幔的流变学行为,其显微构造记录了岩石形成发展过程中所经受的构造事件.通过对祁连山玉石沟橄榄岩样品的镜下显微构造观察、岩石组构测定及TEM位错分析,探讨了与变形相关的温度、围压、含水性和应变速率等因素,总结该岩石的变形机制和变形历史,并推断其形成发展时大地构造环境.研究表明,玉石沟橄榄岩产自上地幔,其变形改造经历了上地幔演化和脆-韧性变形2个阶段.上地幔演化阶段橄榄石发育明显的A型原生组构,电子背散射衍射技术（EBSD）测定的橄榄石显微组构表明,该地区橄榄岩形成于高温（＞ 1200℃）、低应力（＜350 MPa）、低应变速率、低含水量的地幔浅部环境条件下;脆-韧性变形阶段叠加改造了原生A型组构,而发育明显的D型次生组构.橄榄石变形主控因素为动态恢复作用,普遍发育亚晶粒、消光带和扭折显微构造等相关组构,并与透射电镜下所观察到的位错排对应,同时还发育以微破裂为主的一套脆性变形组构,表现出两组共轭剪破裂和另一组张性破裂等现象,揭示出与韧性动态恢复现象一致的应力场方向指示. 相似文献
6.
西藏东巧方辉橄榄岩的显微构造特征及其流变学意义 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
西藏东巧地区蛇绿岩套中橄榄岩是青藏高原出露的为数不多的地幔岩体之一, 对于揭示该地区的上地幔流变学特征具有重要意义.报道了该地区方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石的位错显微构造特征, 估算了上地幔流变学参数.显微构造研究表明, 东巧方辉橄榄岩发育残斑结构, 橄榄石中位错组态类型比较丰富, 包括自由位错、位错壁(包括宽阔型和紧密型)、位错弓弯和位错网, 表明橄榄石的主导变形机制可能为位错蠕变.该区地幔岩变形大致分为2个阶段: (1) 地幔缓慢塑性流动变形, 形成宽阔型位错壁; (2) 蛇绿岩侵位过程中的变形, 产生紧密型位错壁.根据2种位错壁估算的流动应力平均值分别为3 9.3MPa (宽阔型)和113.9MPa (紧密型), 计算结果获得东巧地区上地幔流动速率为1.13× 10-12 ~ 2.95× 10-11s-1, 有效粘度为4.44×1017~ 1.16×1019Pa°s, 这些参数为东巧地区上地幔物理特征提供了流变学的约束条件 相似文献
7.
唯象学本构模型不能很好解决诸如夹杂含量、温度、应变速率等对盐岩力学性质的影响,更难以解释盐岩变形机制。盐岩为石岩晶体组成,其变形机制主要由多晶结构所控制,故基于固体位错理论研究方法建立的盐岩塑性本构模型更能反映盐岩的变形机制。研究表明,盐岩的塑性-蠕变交互作用机制是（亚）晶粒内部位错的滑移与（亚）晶界及其干涉面内位错的攀移运动之间的耦合。基于此,可确定亚晶（或晶粒）平均尺寸与流动应力之间的关系、（亚）晶内的位错平均密度;建立微观参量（位错、亚晶直径、亚晶界宽度等）演化模式;根据Orowan定律建立盐岩微观-宏观变形联系,从而导出盐岩塑性本构方程。导出的本构方程体现了盐岩塑性-蠕变变形的物理机制,相对于传统的塑性本构方程具有更好的物理意义。 相似文献
8.
本文介绍了采用透射电子显微镜观察研究福建明溪大洋窠上第三系玻基玄武岩中的包体橄榄石的位错结构。研究表明,该地幔源包体橄榄石中存在位错壁、自由位错、位错弓弯和位错环等,它们是该橄榄石在上地幔的高温低应力条件下发生复杂蠕变的产物。根据该地包体橄榄石中自由位错密度(统计值为2.0×10~8cm~(-2)和共生辉石的化学成分,估算出福建明溪大洋窠玻基玄武岩中幔源包体的变形条件为:温度(T)为1070℃;压力(P)为2480MPa;深度(Z)为79.3km;流变应力(σ_1-σ_3)为136MPa;流变速率(ε)为7.6×10~(-13)s~(-1);粘稠度(η)为0.8×10~(20)poise。 相似文献
9.
通过弗氏台及透射电子显微镜(TEM)手段,对阿拉善地区金川、野芨里、下盐路塘和小松山等超基性岩岩体主要造岩矿物——橄榄石的组构及超微构造进行了研究,两种手段所获得的结果基本一致。它们的位错组态均以位错列及多层结构为主,布氏矢量(?)以c[001]为主,滑移系为(010)[001]。这些特点与橄榄石晶体均以[001]取向,并形成高极密及(010)[001]组构类型相对应。根据有关橄榄石变形实验研究,它们都属于低温(<800℃)、高应变速率的滑移系。由此说明,是下地壳环境的产物。但岩体之间尚存在一定的差异,就其活动性而论,金川岩体成岩演化过程表现相对稳定,其余岩体则处于较为活跃的构造环境中,前者所受的构造应力较弱,而后者较强。这可能就是该区成矿情况有别的原因之一。 相似文献
10.
青藏高原北羌塘半岛湖新生代粗面玄武岩橄榄石电子探针和激光探针分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用电子探针和激光探针剥蚀系统（LA-ICP-MS），对北羌塘新第三纪粗面玄武岩中的橄榄石主元素和微量、稀土元素进行了系统分析。结果表明，本区橄榄石Fo平均为88，属贵橄榄石种属。相对富集Ni、Co和重稀土，而强烈亏损轻稀土及Rb、Sr、Ba、Zr等大离子亲石元素。其稀土元素配分型配分型式与粗面玄武岩全岩稀土配分型式呈互补状态。 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
Emmanuel Skourtsos Daniel Vachard Alexandra Zambetakis-Lekkas Rossana Martini Louisette Zaninetti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):925-931
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931. 相似文献
15.
正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.) 相似文献
16.
正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.) 相似文献
17.
正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.) 相似文献
18.
正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus., 相似文献
19.
正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an 相似文献
20.
正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of 相似文献